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Sipos T, Glavák C, Turbók J, Somfalvi-Tóth K, Donkó T, Keszthelyi S. Analysis of X-ray irradiation effects on the mortality values and hemolymph immune cell composition of Apis mellifera and its parasite, Varroa destructor. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108109. [PMID: 38631557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Varroa destructor is one of the most destructive enemies of the honey bee, Apis mellifera all around the world. Several control methods are known to control V. destructor, but the efficacy of several alternative control methods remains unexplored. Irradiation can be one of these unknown solutions but before practical application, the effectiveness, and the physiological effects of ionizing radiation on the host and the parasite are waiting to be tested. Therefore, the objective of our study was to investigate the effects of different doses (15, 50, 100, and 150 Gy) of high-energy X-ray irradiation through mortality rates and hemocyte composition changes in A. mellifera workers and record the mortality rates of the parasite. The mortality rate was recorded during short-term (12, 24, and 48 h) and long-term periods (3, 6, 12, 18, and 24d). The sensitivity of the host and the parasite in case of the higher doses of radiation tested (50, 100, and 150 Gy) been demonstrated by total mortality of the host and 90 % of its parasite has been observed on the 18th day after the irradiation. V. destructor showed higher sensitivity (1.52-times higher than the adult honey bee workers) at the lowest dose (15 Gy). A. mellifera hemocytes were influenced significantly by radiation dosage and the elapsed time after treatment. The higher radiation doses increased plasmatocyte numbers in parallel with the decrease in prohemocyte numbers. On the contrary, the numbers of granulocytes and oencoytes increased in the treated samples, but the putative effects of the different dosages on the recorded number of these hemocyte types could not be statistically proven. In summary, based on the outcome of our study X-ray irradiation can be deemed an effective tool for controlling phoretic V. destructor. However, further research is needed to understand the physiological response of the affected organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Sipos
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary; Institute for Farm Animal Gene Conservation, National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Glavák
- Moritz Kaposi Teaching Hospital, Dr. József Baka Diagnostic, Radiation Oncology, Research and Teaching Center, Guba Sandor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Janka Turbók
- Department of Physiology and Animal Health, Institute of Physiology and Nutrition, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Somfalvi-Tóth
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Donkó
- Medicopus Nonprofit Ltd., Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
| | - Sándor Keszthelyi
- Institute of Agronomy, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kaposvár Campus, Guba Sándor str. 40., H-7400 Kaposvár, Hungary.
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Urban JM, Bateman JR, Garza KR, Borden J, Jain J, Brown A, Thach BJ, Bliss JE, Gerbi SA. Bradysia (Sciara) coprophila larvae up-regulate DNA repair pathways and down-regulate developmental regulators in response to ionizing radiation. Genetics 2024; 226:iyad208. [PMID: 38066617 PMCID: PMC10917502 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyad208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The level of resistance to radiation and the developmental and molecular responses can vary between species, and even between developmental stages of one species. For flies (order: Diptera), prior studies concluded that the fungus gnat Bradysia (Sciara) coprophila (sub-order: Nematocera) is more resistant to irradiation-induced mutations that cause visible phenotypes than the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster (sub-order: Brachycera). Therefore, we characterized the effects of and level of resistance to ionizing radiation on B. coprophila throughout its life cycle. Our data show that B. coprophila embryos are highly sensitive to even low doses of gamma-irradiation, whereas late-stage larvae can tolerate up to 80 Gy (compared to 40 Gy for D. melanogaster) and still retain their ability to develop to adulthood, though with a developmental delay. To survey the genes involved in the early transcriptional response to irradiation of B. coprophila larvae, we compared larval RNA-seq profiles with and without radiation treatment. The up-regulated genes were enriched for DNA damage response genes, including those involved in DNA repair, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis, whereas the down-regulated genes were enriched for developmental regulators, consistent with the developmental delay of irradiated larvae. Interestingly, members of the PARP and AGO families were highly up-regulated in the B. coprophila radiation response. We compared the transcriptome responses in B. coprophila to the transcriptome responses in D. melanogaster from 3 previous studies: whereas pathway responses are highly conserved, specific gene responses are less so. Our study lays the groundwork for future work on the radiation responses in Diptera.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Urban
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Research Laboratories, 3520 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Jack R Bateman
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Kodie R Garza
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Julia Borden
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Jaison Jain
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Alexia Brown
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Bethany J Thach
- Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME 04011, USA
| | - Jacob E Bliss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Susan A Gerbi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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Tussey DA, Morreale R, Carvalho DO, Stenhouse S, Lloyd AM, Hoel DF, Hahn DA. Developing methods for chilling, compacting, and sterilizing adult Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and comparing mating competitiveness between males sterilized as adults versus pupae for sterile male release. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 60:1038-1047. [PMID: 37341187 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L., can transmit several pathogens responsible for human diseases. With insecticide resistance development becoming a concern, alternative control strategies are needed for Ae. aegypti. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is an increasingly popular option being explored. However, logistical issues in mass production and sterilization make it difficult to maintain a SIT program. Male mosquitoes are typically irradiated as pupae because this is the earliest developmental point at which females can be separated from males, but asynchrony in pupation and high variability in pupal responses to irradiation based on pupal age make it difficult to sterilize mass quantities of pupae on a regular schedule in a rearing facility. Young adult mosquitoes have wider windows for irradiation sterilization than pupae, which can allow facilities to have fixed schedules for irradiation. We produced a workflow for adult Ae. aegypti irradiation in a mosquito control district with an operational SIT program that currently irradiates pupae. The impacts of chilling, compaction, and radiation dose on survival were all assessed before combining them into a complete adult irradiation protocol. Males chilled up to 16 h prior to compaction and compacted to 100 males/cm3 during radiation resulted in low mortality. Males irradiated as adults had increased longevity and similar sterility compared to males irradiated as pupae. Additionally, males sterilized as adults were more sexually competitive than males sterilized as pupae. Thus, we have shown that irradiating adult males can be a viable option to increase the efficiency of this operational mosquito SIT program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Tussey
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Parlier, CA, USA
| | | | - Danilo O Carvalho
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Insect Pest Control Section, Siebersdorf, Austria
| | | | - Aaron M Lloyd
- Lee County Mosquito Control District, Lehigh Acres, FL, USA
| | - David F Hoel
- Lee County Mosquito Control District, Lehigh Acres, FL, USA
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Shen C, Hao S, Duan W, Liu L, Wei H. Ionizing radiation alters functional neurotransmission in Drosophila larvae. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1151489. [PMID: 37484822 PMCID: PMC10357008 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1151489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients undergoing cranial ionizing radiation therapy for brain malignancies are at increased risk of long-term neurocognitive decline, which is poorly understood and currently untreatable. Although the molecular pathogenesis has been intensively researched in many organisms, whether and how ionizing radiation alters functional neurotransmission remains unknown. This is the first study addressing physiological changes in neurotransmission after ionizing radiation exposure. Methods To elucidate the cellular mechanisms of radiation damage, using calcium imaging, we analyzed the effects of ionizing radiation on the neurotransmitter-evoked responses of prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)-releasing neurons in Drosophila larvae, which play essential roles in normal larval development. Results The neurotransmitters dopamine and tyramine decreased intracellular calcium levels of PTTH neurons in a dose-dependent manner. In gamma irradiated third-instar larvae, a dose of 25 Gy increased the sensitivity of PTTH neurons to dopamine and tyramine, and delayed development, possibly in response to abnormal functional neurotransmission. This irradiation level did not affect the viability and arborization of PTTH neurons and successful survival to adulthood. Exposure to a 40-Gy dose of gamma irradiation decreased the neurotransmitter sensitivity, physiological viability and axo-dendritic length of PTTH neurons. These serious damages led to substantial developmental delays and a precipitous reduction in the percentage of larvae that survived to adulthood. Our results demonstrate that gamma irradiation alters neurotransmitter-evoked responses, indicating synapses are vulnerable targets of ionizing radiation. Discussion The current study provides new insights into ionizing radiation-induced disruption of physiological neurotransmitter signaling, which should be considered in preventive therapeutic interventions to reduce risks of neurological deficits after photon therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- North China Research Institute of Electro-Optics, Beijing, China
| | - Yihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Shen
- China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No. 45 Research Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shun Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongying Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Yang Y, Fan Q, Zhang Q, Ji Q. Effect of Ultraviolet-B Radiating Drosophila melanogaster as Host on the Quality of Trichopria drosophilae, a Pupal Parasitoid of Drosophila suzukii. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050423. [PMID: 37233051 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The pupal parasitoid, Trichopria drosophilae Perkins (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), is an ectoparasitoid of the genus Drosophila with great potential for application in biological control based on its excellent control efficiency for Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), and it has has even been commercialized by biofactories. Due to its characteristics of short life cycle, large number of offspring, easy rearing, rapid reproduction, and low cost, Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is currently being utilized as a host to mass produce T. drosophilae. To simplify the mass rearing process and omit the separation of hosts and parasitoids, ultraviolet-B (UVB) was used as an irradiation source to irradiate D. melanogaster pupae, and the effects on T. drosophilae were studied. The results showed that UVB radiation significantly reduces host emergence and affects the duration of parasitoid development (female: F0 increased from 21.50 to 25.80, F1 from 23.10 to 26.10; male: F0 decreased from 17.00 to 14.10, F1 from 17.20 to 14.70), which has great significance for the separation of hosts and parasitoids as well as of females and males. Of the various studied conditions, UVB irradiation was ideal when the host was supplied with parasitoids for 6 h. The selection test results showed that the female-to-male ratio of emerging parasitoids in this treatment was highest at 3.47. The no-selection test resulted in the highest rates of parasitization and parasitoid emergence rate, maximized inhibition of host development, and allowed the omission of the separation step. Finally, the results of the semi-field test showed that the parasitoids bred in this treatment could search for their hosts normally and could therefore be directly applied in the biological control of Drosophila pests in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuxiang Liu
- Biological Control Research Institute, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China Fruit Fly Research and Control Center of FAO/IAEA, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yongbang Yang
- Biological Control Research Institute, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China Fruit Fly Research and Control Center of FAO/IAEA, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qingwen Fan
- Biological Control Research Institute, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China Fruit Fly Research and Control Center of FAO/IAEA, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinyuan Zhang
- Biological Control Research Institute, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China Fruit Fly Research and Control Center of FAO/IAEA, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinge Ji
- Biological Control Research Institute, Plant Protection College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- China Fruit Fly Research and Control Center of FAO/IAEA, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Key Lab of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fuzhou 350002, China
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Tussey DA, Linthicum KJ, Hahn DA. Does severe hypoxia during irradiation of Aedes aegypti pupae improve sterile male performance? Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:446. [DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05577-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, vectors several pathogens responsible for human diseases. As a result, this mosquito species is a priority for control by mosquito control districts in Florida. With insecticide resistance development becoming a concern, alternative control strategies are needed for Ae. aegypti. Sterile insect technique (SIT) is an increasingly popular option that is being explored as a practical area-wide control method. However, questions about sterile male performance persist. The objectives of this study were to determine the extent to which hypoxia exposure prior to and during irradiation effects the longevity, activity and mating competitiveness of sterile male Ae. aegypti.
Methods
Male longevity was monitored and analyzed using Cox regression. Mosquito activity was recorded by an infrared beam sensor rig that detected movement. Competing models were created to analyze movement data. Fecundity and fertility were measured in females mated with individual males by treatment and analyzed using one-way ANOVAs. Mating competition studies were performed to compare both hypoxia and normoxia treated sterile males to fertile males. Competitiveness of groups was compared using Fried’s competitiveness index.
Results
First, we found that subjecting Ae. aegypti pupae to 1 h of severe hypoxia (< 1 kPa O2) did not directly increase mortality. One hour of hypoxia was found to prevent decreases in longevity of irradiated males compared to males irradiated in normoxic conditions. Exposure to hypoxia prior to irradiation did not significantly improve activity of sterile males except at the highest doses of radiation. Hypoxia did significantly increase the required dose of radiation to achieve > 95% male sterility compared to males irradiated under normoxic conditions. Males sterilized after an hour in hypoxic conditions were significantly more competitive against fertile males compared to males irradiated under normoxic conditions despite requiring a higher dose of radiation to achieve sterility.
Conclusions
Hypoxia was found to greatly improve key performance metrics in sterile male Ae. aegypti without any significant drawbacks. Little work other than increasing the target dose for sterility needs to be conducted to incorporate hypoxia into SIT programs. These results suggest that SIT programs should consider including hypoxia in their sterile male production workflow.
Graphical Abstract
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Sangsuwan T, Mannervik M, Haghdoost S. Transgenerational effects of gamma radiation dose and dose rate on Drosophila flies irradiated at an early embryonal stage. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2022; 881:503523. [PMID: 36031335 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) kills cells mainly through induction of DNA damages and the surviving cells may suffer from mutations. Transgenerational effects of IR are well documented, but the exact mechanisms underlying them are less well understood; they include induction of mutations in germ cells and epigenetic inheritance. Previously, effects in the offspring of mice and zebrafish exposed to IR have been reported. A few studies also showed indications of transgenerational effects of radiation in humans, particularly in nuclear power workers. In the present project, short- and long-term effects of low-dose-rate (LDR; 50 and 97 mGy/h) and high-dose-rate (HDR; 23.4, 47.1 and 495 Gy/h) IR in Drosophila embryos were investigated. The embryos were irradiated at different doses and dose rates and radiosensitivity at different developmental stages was investigated. Also, the survival of larvae, pupae and adults developed from embryos irradiated at an early stage (30 min after egg laying) were studied. The larval crawling and pupation height assays were applied to investigate radiation effects on larval locomotion and pupation behavior, respectively. In parallel, the offspring from 3 Gy irradiated early-stage embryos were followed up to 12 generations and abnormal phenotypes were studied. Acute exposure of embryos at different stages of development showed that the early stage embryo is the most sensitive. The effects on larval locomotion showed no significant differences between the dose rates but a significant decrease of locomotion activity above 7 Gy was observed. The results indicate that embryos exposed to the low dose rates have shorter eclosion times. At the same cumulative dose (1 up to 7 Gy), HDR is more embryotoxic than LDR. We also found a radiation-induced depigmentation on males (A5 segment of the dorsal abdomen, A5pig-) that can be transmitted up to 12 generations. The phenomenon does not follow the classical Mendelian laws of segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traimate Sangsuwan
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Mannervik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Siamak Haghdoost
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Caen Normandy, Cimap-Aria, Ganil, and Advanced Resource Center for HADrontherapy in Europe (ARCHADE), Caen, France.
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Kravets A, Sokolova D. Effects of genomic instability in populations of Drosophila melanogaster from regions of Ukraine with different impact of radiation factors. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:510-515. [PMID: 35930480 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2110309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate differences in the gonadal dysgenesis frequency as one of the indicators of genome instability through natural populations of Drosophіla melanogaster, selected from Ukrainian regions with different radiation impacts. Follow-up study of the dynamics of this indicator under chronic exposure in laboratory conditions for 10 generations. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted in two stages. The first one included trapping of insects in regions with different radiation loads with subsequent assessment of both the time of maturation and the index of the gonadal dysgenesis through the first (F1) generation, obtained in laboratory conditions. At the second stage, the dynamics of this indicator were investigated for the F1-descendants of each ten consequent generations, which were developed under laboratory conditions both with and without additional gamma-exposure with different characteristics of the dose rate 1.2 × 10-8, 0.3 × 10-8 and 0.12 × 10-8 Gy/sec. RESULTS Differences in the gonadal dysgenesis frequency as one of the indicators of genome instability were revealed in F1-descendants of natural populations of Drosophіla melanogaster, selected from regions of different radiation impact. Under conditions of additional low rate chronic irradiation in laboratory conditions for 10 generations, significant differences in changes in the level and dynamics of this indicator were established depending on the accumulated dose of Drosophila populations from the city of Netishyn (Khmelnytskyi NPP) and Magarach city. There were no signs of adaptation. CONCLUSIONS The discrepancy between the real and expected biological effects has reflected the difference in the intensity of the radiation background, which was traditionally determined by the gamma-emitters and did not take into account the wide range of other genotoxic elements from nuclear power emissions. A complex, non-monotonic type of frequency dynamics of gonadal dysgenesis could be determined by the interaction of radiation damage, protection and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kravets
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Daryna Sokolova
- Institute of Cell Biology and Genetic Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Paithankar JG, Kushalan S, S N, Hegde S, Kini S, Sharma A. Systematic toxicity assessment of CdTe quantum dots in Drosophila melanogaster. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133836. [PMID: 35120950 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The risk assessment of cadmium (Cd)-based quantum dots (QDs) used for biomedical nanotechnology applications has stern toxicity concerns. Despite cytotoxicity studies of cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs, the systematic in vivo study focusing on its organismal effects are more relevant to public health. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of chemically synthesized 3-mercapto propionic acid-functionalized CdTe QDs on organisms' survival, development, reproduction, and behaviour using Drosophila melanogaster as a model. The sub-cellular impact on the larval gut was also evaluated. First/third instar larvae or the adult Drosophila were exposed orally to green fluorescence emitting CdTe QDs (0.2-100 μM), and organisms' longevity, emergence, reproductive performance, locomotion, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell death were assessed. Uptake of semiconductor CdTe QDs was observed as green fluorescence in the gut. A significant decline in percentage survivability up to 80% was evident at high CdTe QDs concentrations (25 and 100 μM). The developmental toxicity was marked by delayed and reduced fly emergence after CdTe exposure. The teratogenic effect was evident with significant wing deformities at 25 and 100 μM concentrations. However, at the reproductive level, adult flies' fecundity, fertility, and hatchability were highly affected even at low concentrations (1 μM). Surprisingly, the climbing ability of Drosophila was unaffected at any of the used CdTe QDs concentrations. In addition to organismal toxicity, the ROS level and cell death were elevated in gut cells, confirming the sub-cellular toxicity of CdTe QDs. Furthermore, we observed a significant rescue in CdTe QDs-associated developmental, reproductive, and survival adversities when organisms were co-exposed with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, an antioxidant) and CdTe QDs. Overall, our findings indicate that the environmental release of aqueously dispersible CdTe QDs raises a long-lasting health concern on the development, reproduction, and survivability of an organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sharanya Kushalan
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Nijil S
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Nanobiotechnology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Smitha Hegde
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Bioresource and Biotechnology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sudarshan Kini
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Nanobiotechnology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
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Krüger AP, Ferreira MS, Martins LN, Teixeira CM, Schlesener DCH, Deprá M, Garcia FRM. Impact of gamma radiation dose on sterility and quality parameters of Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190249. [PMID: 33950149 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major fruit pest, which is basicaly controlled using insecticides, which represents a risk to beneficial arthropods, human health and food contamination. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is a potential alternative tool for the management of this pest, however, only conflicting data is found regarding the optimal dose to achieve sterility. Thus, this study evaluated the effect of gamma radiation doses (0, 40, 50, 60 and 70 Gy) on male and female reproductive sterility, gonads morphometry, emergence, flight ability, and longevity under nutritional stress of A. fraterculus. Full female sterility was achieved at 50 Gy, while full male sterility was achieved at 70 Gy. Both ovarian and testicular sizes were affected by irradiation, while no influence was observed on the quality parameters evaluated. Our results suggest that 70 Gy applied 48 h before adult emergence can be used to sterilize A. fraterculus in a SIT programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Krüger
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Márcio S Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Liliane N Martins
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiano M Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniele C H Schlesener
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maríndia Deprá
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Paulo Gama, 110, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Paulo Gama, 110, 91501-970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio R M Garcia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Av. Eliseu Maciel, s/n, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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11
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Proshkina E, Yushkova E, Koval L, Zemskaya N, Shchegoleva E, Solovev I, Yakovleva D, Pakshina N, Ulyasheva N, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Tissue-Specific Knockdown of Genes of the Argonaute Family Modulates Lifespan and Radioresistance in Drosophila Melanogaster. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2396. [PMID: 33673647 PMCID: PMC7957547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs are essential to coordinate many cellular processes, including the regulation of gene expression patterns, the prevention of genomic instability, and the suppression of the mutagenic transposon activity. These processes determine the aging, longevity, and sensitivity of cells and an organism to stress factors (particularly, ionizing radiation). The biogenesis and activity of small RNAs are provided by proteins of the Argonaute family. These proteins participate in the processing of small RNA precursors and the formation of an RNA-induced silencing complex. However, the role of Argonaute proteins in regulating lifespan and radioresistance remains poorly explored. We studied the effect of knockdown of Argonaute genes (AGO1, AGO2, AGO3, piwi) in various tissues on the Drosophila melanogaster lifespan and survival after the γ-irradiation at a dose of 700 Gy. In most cases, these parameters are reduced or did not change significantly in flies with tissue-specific RNA interference. Surprisingly, piwi knockdown in both the fat body and the nervous system causes a lifespan increase. But changes in radioresistance depend on the tissue in which the gene was knocked out. In addition, analysis of changes in retrotransposon levels and expression of stress response genes allow us to determine associated molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Elena Yushkova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Liubov Koval
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Evgeniya Shchegoleva
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Ilya Solovev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Daria Yakovleva
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Natalya Pakshina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Natalia Ulyasheva
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya St., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (E.Y.); (L.K.); (N.Z.); (E.S.); (I.S.); (D.Y.); (N.P.); (N.U.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of Post-Genomic Research, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 32 Vavilov St., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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12
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Li X, Rollo CD. Radiation induces stress and transgenerational impacts in the cricket, Acheta domesticus. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1098-1105. [PMID: 33428853 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1872816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation exposure of crickets during their fourth juvenile molt inflicted ionizing radiation damage and altered growth rate, adult size at sexual maturity. High levels of ionizing radiation also impacted the subsequent generation, likely via heritable epigenetic mechanisms. Using radiation as a proxy for external stress, we aim to understand the transgenerational impacts of stress on non-irradiated offspring. METHODS AND MATERIALS We assess the impacts of ionizing radiation on maturation mass and growth rate in F0 male and female house crickets (Acheta domesticus). We also assessed trans-generational impacts of irradiation on growth rate and maturation mass on non-irradiated offspring of irradiated parents compared to non-irradiated controls. RESULTS Early-life exposure to high levels of ionizing radiation-induced lower growth rate and maturation mass compared to controls (p < .0001). Non-irradiated male F1 offspring of irradiated parents demonstrated significantly lower mass at maturation (p = .0012) and significantly faster time of maturation (p < .0001) compared to F1 non-irradiated controls. CONCLUSION Our results show that a single early-life exposure to ionizing radiation can alter male offspring development through accelerated maturation and reduced maturation mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Li
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - C D Rollo
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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13
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Paithankar JG, Ghodke TS, Patil RK. Insight into the evolutionary profile of radio-resistance among insects having intrinsically evolved defence against radiation toxicity. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:1012-1024. [PMID: 33264042 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1859153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) has wide-ranging applications in various fields. In agriculture, pest control is one of the important applications, because insect pests have become a threat to the global agriculture industry. IR are used routinely to prevent crop loss and to protect stored food commodities. Radio-sterilization and disinfestation treatments are commonly used procedures for insect pest control. From various studies on insect radio-sterilization and disinfestation, it has been established that compared to vertebrates' insects have high levels of radiation resistance. Therefore, to achieve adequate radio-sterilization/disinfestation; exposure to high doses of IR is necessary. However, studies over decades made a presumption that radiation resistance is general among insects. Recent studies have shown that some insect orders are having high IR resistance and some insect orders are sensitive to IR. These studies have clarified that radiation resistance is not uniform throughout insect class. The present review is an attempt to insight at the evolutionary profile of insect species studied for radio-sterilization and disinfestation treatment and are having the trait of radio-resistance. From various studies on insect radiation resistance and after phylogenetic analysis of insect species it appears that the evolutionary near species have drastically different levels of radio-resistance and trait of radiation resistance appears to be independent of insect evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Tanhaji Sandu Ghodke
- Centre for Applications of Radioisotopes and Radiation Technology (CARRT), Mangalore University, Mangalore, India.,Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
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14
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Vaiserman A, Cuttler JM, Socol Y. Low-dose ionizing radiation as a hormetin: experimental observations and therapeutic perspective for age-related disorders. Biogerontology 2021; 22:145-164. [PMID: 33420860 PMCID: PMC7794644 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is any kind of biphasic dose-response when low doses of some agents are beneficial while higher doses are detrimental. Radiation hormesis is the most thoroughly investigated among all hormesis-like phenomena, in particular in biogerontology. In this review, we aimed to summarize research evidence supporting hormesis through exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Radiation-induced longevity hormesis has been repeatedly reported in invertebrate models such as C. elegans, Drosophila and flour beetles and in vertebrate models including guinea pigs, mice and rabbits. On the contrary, suppressing natural background radiation was repeatedly found to cause detrimental effects in protozoa, bacteria and flies. We also discussed here the possibility of clinical use of LDIR, predominantly for age-related disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, for which no remedies are available. There is accumulating evidence that LDIR, such as those commonly used in X-ray imaging including computer tomography, might act as a hormetin. Of course, caution should be exercised when introducing new medical practices, and LDIR therapy is no exception. However, due to the low average residual life expectancy in old patients, the short-term benefits of such interventions (e.g., potential therapeutic effect against dementia) may outweigh their hypothetical delayed risks (e.g., cancer). We argue here that assessment and clinical trials of LDIR treatments should be given priority bearing in mind the enormous economic, social and ethical implications of potentially-treatable, age-related disorders.
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15
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Lee HJ, Lee SH, Lee JH, Kim Y, Seong KM, Jin YW, Min KJ. Role of Commensal Microbes in the γ-Ray Irradiation-Induced Physiological Changes in Drosophila melanogaster. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010031. [PMID: 33374132 PMCID: PMC7824294 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation induces biological/physiological changes and affects commensal microbes, but few studies have examined the relationship between the physiological changes induced by irradiation and commensal microbes. This study investigated the role of commensal microbes in the γ-ray irradiation-induced physiological changes in Drosophila melanogaster. The bacterial load was increased in 5 Gy irradiated flies, but irradiation decreased the number of operational taxonomic units. The mean lifespan of conventional flies showed no significant change by irradiation, whereas that of axenic flies was negatively correlated with the radiation dose. γ-Ray irradiation did not change the average number of eggs in both conventional and axenic flies. Locomotion of conventional flies was decreased after 5 Gy radiation exposure, whereas no significant change in locomotion activity was detected in axenic flies after irradiation. γ-Ray irradiation increased the generation of reactive oxygen species in both conventional and axenic flies, but the increase was higher in axenic flies. Similarly, the amounts of mitochondria were increased in irradiated axenic flies but not in conventional flies. These results suggest that axenic flies are more sensitive in their mitochondrial responses to radiation than conventional flies, and increased sensitivity leads to a reduced lifespan and other physiological changes in axenic flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Shin-Hae Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Yongjoong Kim
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Ki Moon Seong
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Young Woo Jin
- Laboratory of Low Dose Risk Assessment, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea; (Y.K.); (K.M.S.); (Y.W.J.)
| | - Kyung-Jin Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (S.-H.L.); (J.-H.L.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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López-Arriaga F, Gordillo VH, Cancino J, Montoya P. Irradiation of early immature Anastrepha ludens stages for the rearing of Doryctobracon areolatus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a fruit fly parasitoid. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2020; 110:630-637. [PMID: 32419690 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485320000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Doryctobracon areolatus is a native parasitoid of the Neotropical region that presents the highest percentages of natural parasitism of fruit flies of the genus Anastrepha. In the Moscafrut Program SADER-SENASICA, located in Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, Mexico, a laboratory colony of this species is maintained on Anastrepha ludens, the Mexican fruit fly, with the aim to scale the production of the parasitoid up to massive levels. In order to eliminate unwanted emergence of adult flies during the rearing process, this study evaluated the effect of irradiation (at doses of 20, 30, 40, and 50 Gy) applied to eggs, and first and second instar larvae of A. ludens; all irradiated stages were subsequently exposed as second instar larvae to adult females of D. areolatus. Irradiation did not affect the eclosion of A. ludens eggs but, at doses of 40 and 50 Gy, it did cause delayed larval development and pupation, as well as lower larval weight. Adult fly emergence was suppressed at all doses, except in eggs irradiated at 20 Gy. Doses of 20 and 30 Gy applied to the eggs and larvae did not affect the emergence, survival, fecundity or flight ability of the emerged parasitoids, but the second instar larvae were easily handled during the rearing process. Our results suggest that D. areolatus can be successfully produced in second instar larvae of A. ludens irradiated at 30 Gy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florida López-Arriaga
- Programa Moscafrut, SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacaoatales S/N, CP 30860, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México
| | - Victor Hugo Gordillo
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Boulevard Akichino S/N, CP 30700, Tapachula, Chiapas, México
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Programa Moscafrut, SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacaoatales S/N, CP 30860, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México
| | - Pablo Montoya
- Programa Moscafrut, SADER-SENASICA, Camino a los Cacaoatales S/N, CP 30860, Metapa de Domínguez, Chiapas, México
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17
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Nakajima K, Gao T, Kume K, Iwata H, Hirai S, Omachi C, Tomita J, Ogino H, Naito M, Shibamoto Y. Fruit Fly, Drosophila melanogaster, as an In Vivo Tool to Study the Biological Effects of Proton Irradiation. Radiat Res 2020; 194:143-152. [PMID: 32845992 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The clinical superiority of proton therapy over photon therapy has recently gained recognition; however, the biological effects of proton therapy remain poorly understood. The lack of in vivo evidence is especially important. Therefore, the goal of this study was to validate the usefulness of Drosophila melanogaster as an alternative tool in proton radiobiology. To determine whether the comparative biological effects of protons and X rays are detectable in Drosophila, we assessed their influence on survival and mRNA expression. Postirradiation observation revealed that protons inhibited their development and reduced the overall survival rates more effectively than X rays. The relative biological effectiveness of the proton beams compared to the X rays estimated from the 50% lethal doses was 1.31. At 2 or 24 h postirradiation, mRNA expression analysis demonstrated that the expression patterns of several genes (such as DNA-repair-, apoptosis- and angiogenesis-related genes) followed different time courses depending on radiation type. Moreover, our trials suggested that the knockdown of individual genes by the GAL4/UAS system changes the radiosensitivity in a radiation type-specific manner. We confirmed this Drosophila model to be considerably useful to evaluate the findings from in vitro studies in an in vivo system. Furthermore, this model has a potential to elucidate more complex biological mechanisms underlying proton irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Nakajima
- Departments of Radiation Oncology.,Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - TianXiang Gao
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Kume
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Iwata
- Departments of Radiation Oncology.,Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hirai
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Chihiro Omachi
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Proton Therapy Physics, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jun Tomita
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ogino
- Departments of Radiation Oncology.,Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Munekazu Naito
- Department of Anatomy, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuta Shibamoto
- Department of Radiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
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18
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Paithankar JG, Kudva AK, Raghu SV, Patil RK. Radioprotective role of uric acid: evidence from studies in Drosophila and human dermal fibroblast cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2427-2436. [PMID: 32180087 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) is a common phenomenon during medical diagnosis and treatment. IRs are deleterious because cellular exposure to IR can cause a series of molecular events that may lead to oxidative stress and macromolecular damage. Radiation protection is therefore essential and significant for improving safety during these procedures. Over decades several antioxidant molecules have been screened to explore their potential as radio-protectors with little success. Therefore, the current study was carried out to confirm the role of uric acid (UA)-a putative antioxidant molecule in radioprotection using radio-resistant insect Drosophila and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. Here, we demonstrate the depleted levels of UA in the mutant flies of Drosophila melanogaster-rosy and by targeting xanthine oxidase (XO an enzyme involved in UA metabolism), through maintaining flies on an allopurinol mixed diet. Allopurinol is a drug that reduces UA levels by inhibiting XO; it reduces the survival percentage in D. melanogaster compared to wild type flies following gamma irradiation at a dose of 1000 Gy. Enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, D. melanogaster glutathione peroxidase (DmGPx) and levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants were measured to evaluate the importance of UA. The results indicate that lack of UA reduces the total antioxidant capacity. The activity of SOD was lowered in male flies. Furthermore, we show that supplementation of UA to HDFs cells in media improved their survival rate following gamma irradiation (2 Gy). From the present study we conclude that UA is a potent antioxidant molecule present in high levels among insects. Also, it appears that UA contributes to the radiation resistance of Drosophila flies. Hence, UA emerges as a promising molecule for mitigating radiation-induced oxidative damage in higher organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India.,Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Avinash Kundadka Kudva
- Department of Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India
| | - Shamprasad Varija Raghu
- Neurogenetics Lab, Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India.
| | - Rajashekhar K Patil
- Department of Applied Zoology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri, Karnataka, 574199, India
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19
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Levels and fluxes in enzymatic antioxidants following gamma irradiation are inadequate to confer radiation resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:1175-1186. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Paithankar JG, Raghu SV, Patil RK. Concomitant changes in radiation resistance and trehalose levels during life stages of Drosophila melanogaster suggest radio-protective function of trehalose. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:576-589. [PMID: 29613812 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1460499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE During development, various life stages of Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) show different levels of resistance to gamma irradiation, with the early pupal stage being the most radiation sensitive. This provides us an opportunity to explore the biochemical basis of such variations. The present study was carried out to understand the mechanisms underlying radiation resistance during life stages of D. melanogaster. MATERIALS AND METHODS Homogenates from all the life stages of D. melanogaster were prepared at stipulated age. These homogenates were used for the determination of (1) enzymatic antioxidants: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, D. melanogaster glutathione peroxidase (DmGPx), and glutathione S-transferase (GST); (2) reducing non-enzymatic antioxidants: total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reduced glutathione (GSH) and non-reducing non-enzymatic antioxidant trehalose; and (3) levels of protein carbonyl (PC) content. Age-dependent changes in radiation resistance and associated biochemical changes were also studied in young (2 d) and old (20 and 30 d) flies. RESULTS TAC and GSH were found high in the early pupal stage, whereas catalase and DmGPx were found to increase in the early pupal stage. The non-feeding third instar (NFTI) larvae were found to have high levels of SOD and GST, besides NFTI larvae showed high levels of trehalose. A remarkable decrease was observed in radiation resistance and trehalose levels during the early pupal stage. The PC level was the highest during early pupal stage and was the lowest in NFTI larvae. Older flies showed high level of PC compared with young flies. CONCLUSION In vitro increments in trehalose concentration correspond to reduced formation of PCs, suggesting a protective role of trehalose against free radicals. A strong correlation between levels of trehalose and PC formation suggests amelioration of proteome damage due to ionizing radiation (IR). Stages with high trehalose levels showed protected proteome and high radiation resistance, suggesting a significant role for this disaccharide in radiation resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rajashekhar K Patil
- a Department of Applied Zoology , Mangalore University , Mangalore , Karnataka , India.,b Centre for Radioisotopes and Radiation Technology (CARRT) , Mangalore University , Mangalore , Karnataka , India
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Krüger AP, Schlesener DCH, Martins LN, Wollmann J, Deprá M, Garcia FRM. Effects of Irradiation Dose on Sterility Induction and Quality Parameters of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:741-746. [PMID: 29415132 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) is a widely distributed pest of soft-skinned and stone fruits that is controlled mainly with pesticides. An alternative to the chemical control is the sterile insect technique (SIT), an ecologically friendly method of pest management that could be used against D. suzukii. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation on reproductive sterility, ovarian morphometry, and quality parameters of D. suzukii. Full female sterility was achieved at 75 Gy, while an adequate level of male sterility (99.67%) was obtained at 200 Gy. The ovarian size showed an exponential decay in function of irradiation dose increase. There was no significant influence of irradiation dose on the quality parameters evaluated. Our data suggest that gamma radiation can be recommended to be used in an SIT program for D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jutiane Wollmann
- Programa de pós graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Maríndia Deprá
- Programa de pós graduação em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RG, Brazil
- Programa de pós graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RG, Brazil
| | - Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Programa de pós graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
- Programa de pós graduação em Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Brazil
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