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Genome structure-based Juglandaceae phylogenies contradict alignment-based phylogenies and substitution rates vary with DNA repair genes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:617. [PMID: 36739280 PMCID: PMC9899254 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In lineages of allopolyploid origin, sets of homoeologous chromosomes may coexist that differ in gene content and syntenic structure. Presence or absence of genes and microsynteny along chromosomal blocks can serve to differentiate subgenomes and to infer phylogenies. We here apply genome-structural data to infer relationships in an ancient allopolyploid lineage, the walnut family (Juglandaceae), by using seven chromosome-level genomes, two of them newly assembled. Microsynteny and gene-content analyses yield identical topologies that place Platycarya with Engelhardia as did a 1980s morphological-cladistic study. DNA-alignment-based topologies here and in numerous earlier studies instead group Platycarya with Carya and Juglans, perhaps misled by past hybridization. All available data support a hybrid origin of Juglandaceae from extinct or unsampled progenitors nested within, or sister to, Myricaceae. Rhoiptelea chiliantha, sister to all other Juglandaceae, contains proportionally more DNA repair genes and appears to evolve at a rate 2.6- to 3.5-times slower than the remaining species.
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Rod Withers' Data are Available Online. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017; 97:435-436. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Thames HD, Hunter NR, Mason KA. The Withers archive: Online availability of rod Wither's data. Radiother Oncol 2016; 121:475-477. [PMID: 28029406 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The contents of the lab notebooks of H.R. Withers have been digitized and stored as 23 excel files, a total of approximately 45 megabytes. A procedure is described whereby those interested may gain access to the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard D Thames
- Departments of Biostatistics, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States.
| | - N R Hunter
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
| | - Kathy A Mason
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, United States
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Thames HD, Hunter NR, Mason KA. The Withers Archive: Online Availability of H. Rodney Withers' Data. Radiat Res 2016; 186:659-661. [PMID: 27925862 DOI: 10.1667/rr4638.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H D Thames
- Department of a Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - N R Hunter
- b Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - K A Mason
- b Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Chan DLH, Espinoza D, Chan J, Lee A, Faisal W, Segelov E, Pavlakis N. Adjuvant anti-VEGF therapy for overall survival and relapse-free survival in patients with resected non-metastatic colorectal cancer. Hippokratia 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd012460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Lok Hang Chan
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Department of Medical Oncology; St Leonards New South Wales Australia 2065
| | - David Espinoza
- University of Sydney; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre; 92-94 Parramatta Road Camperdown NSW Australia 2050
| | - Joseph Chan
- University of Sydney; Department of Medicine; Northern Sydney Cancer Centre Level 1, ASB, Royal North Shore Hospital St Leonards NSW Australia 2065
| | - Adrian Lee
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Department of Medical Oncology; St Leonards New South Wales Australia 2065
| | - Wasek Faisal
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Department of Medical Oncology; St Leonards New South Wales Australia 2065
| | - Eva Segelov
- St Vincent's Hospital; Medical Oncology; Suite 708/438 Victoria Street Darlinghurst NSW Australia 2010
| | - Nick Pavlakis
- Royal North Shore Hospital; Department of Medical Oncology; St Leonards New South Wales Australia 2065
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Thames HD, Hunter NR, Mason KA. The Withers Archive: online availability of H. Rodney Withers' data. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:855-857. [PMID: 27807995 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1243271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We have collected lab notebooks from Rod Wither's many years of experimentation, from laboratories in Houston and Los Angeles, as well as from several of his collaborators in the USA and overseas. The contents have been digitized, and in this note we explain the mechanism that has been set up to make the 'Withers Archive' available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard D Thames
- a Department of Biostatistics , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Nancy R Hunter
- b Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Kathryn A Mason
- b Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology , MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
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Abstract
Genomic analyses increasingly make use of sophisticated statistical and computational approaches in investigations of genomic function and evolution. Scientists implementing and developing these approaches are often computational scientists, physicists, or mathematicians. This article aims to provide a compact overview of genome biology for these scientists. Thus, the article focuses on providing biological context to the genomic features, processes, and structures analysed by these approaches. Topics covered include (1) differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells; (2) the physical structure of genomes and chromatin; (3) different categories of genomic regions, including those serving as templates for RNA and protein synthesis, regulatory regions, repetitive regions, and "architectural" or "organisational" regions, such as centromeres and telomeres; (4) the cell cycle; (5) an overview of transcription, translation, and protein structure; and (6) a glossary of relevant terms.
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Suwaki N, Child ES, Elphick LM, Mann DJ. Dose-dependent changes in cyclin D1 in response to 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide-induced DNA damage. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 497:55-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Baer CF, Miyamoto MM, Denver DR. Mutation rate variation in multicellular eukaryotes: causes and consequences. Nat Rev Genet 2007; 8:619-31. [PMID: 17637734 DOI: 10.1038/nrg2158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A basic knowledge about mutation rates is central to our understanding of a myriad of evolutionary phenomena, including the maintenance of sex and rates of molecular evolution. Although there is substantial evidence that mutation rates vary among taxa, relatively little is known about the factors that underlie this variation at an empirical level, particularly in multicellular eukaryotes. Here we integrate several disparate lines of theoretical and empirical inquiry into a unified framework to guide future studies that are aimed at understanding why and how mutation rates evolve in multicellular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Baer
- Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA.
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Armelini MG, Muotri AR, Marchetto MCN, de Lima-Bessa KM, Sarasin A, Menck CFM. Restoring DNA repair capacity of cells from three distinct diseases by XPD gene-recombinant adenovirus. Cancer Gene Ther 2005; 12:389-96. [PMID: 15650764 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the major human DNA repair pathways. Defects in one of the proteins that act in this system result in three distinct autosomal recessive syndromes: xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), Cockayne syndrome (CS) and trichothiodystrophy (TTD). TFIIH is a nine-protein complex essential for NER activity, initiation of RNA polymerase II transcription and with a possible role in cell cycle regulation. XPD is part of the TFIIH complex and has a helicase function, unwinding the DNA in the 5' --> 3' direction. Mutations in the XPD gene are found in XP, TTD and XP/CS patients, the latter exhibiting both XP and CS symptoms. Correction of DNA repair defects of these cells by transducing the complementing wild-type gene is one potential strategy for helping these patients. Over the last years, adenovirus vectors have been largely used in gene delivering because of their efficient transduction, high titer, and stability. In this work, we present the construction of a recombinant adenovirus carrying the XPD gene, which is coexpressed with the EGFP reporter gene by an IRES sequence, making it easier to follow cell infection. Infection by this recombinant adenovirus grants full correction of SV40-transformed and primary skin fibroblasts obtained from XP-D, TTD and XP/CS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gava Armelini
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-900 SP, Brazil
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Jones L, Hoban P, Metcalfe P. The use of the linear quadratic model in radiotherapy: a review. AUSTRALASIAN PHYSICAL & ENGINEERING SCIENCES IN MEDICINE 2001; 24:132-46. [PMID: 11764395 DOI: 10.1007/bf03178355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To be able to predict the impact of any radiotherapy treatment the physics of radiation interactions and the expected biological effect for any radiotherapy treatment situation (dose, fractionation, modality) must be both understood and modelled. This review considers the current use and accuracy of the linear quadratic model which can be used to consider the variation in tissue response with fraction size. Cell kill following radiation damage results from damage to the DNA which can take a variety of forms. In many cases the linear quadratic model is used to estimate the relative impact for different situations especially clinical studies relating to fraction size. This is mainly undertaken using parameters derived from the linear quadratic model such as biological effective dose and standard effective dose. The model has also been adapted to consider the effect of overall treatment time, repair during treatment (as occurs for brachytherapy treatments) and other situations. There are some concerns over its use, mainly in the small dose ranges (both total low doses and low doses per fraction) where studies have shown its inaccuracy. In other situations however it does appear to provide a reasonable estimate of relative clinical effect. As with all models, however results should never be considered out of clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jones
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, NSW.
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Berneburg M, Lowe JE, Nardo T, Araújo S, Fousteri MI, Green MH, Krutmann J, Wood RD, Stefanini M, Lehmann AR. UV damage causes uncontrolled DNA breakage in cells from patients with combined features of XP-D and Cockayne syndrome. EMBO J 2000; 19:1157-66. [PMID: 10698956 PMCID: PMC305654 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/19.5.1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes damage from DNA in a tightly regulated multiprotein process. Defects in NER result in three different human disorders, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), trichothiodystrophy (TTD) and Cockayne syndrome (CS). Two cases with the combined features of XP and CS have been assigned to the XP-D complementation group. Despite their extreme UV sensitivity, these cells appeared to incise their DNA as efficiently as normal cells in response to UV damage. These incisions were, however, uncoupled from the rest of the repair process. Using cell-free extracts, we were unable to detect any incision activity in the neighbourhood of the damage. When irradiated plasmids were introduced into unirradiated XP-D/CS cells, the ectopically introduced damage triggered the induction of breaks in the undamaged genomic DNA. XP-D/CS cells thus have a unique response to sensing UV damage, which results in the introduction of breaks into the DNA at sites distant from the damage. We propose that it is these spurious breaks that are responsible for the extreme UV sensitivity of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berneburg
- MRC Cell Mutation Unit, Sussex University, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9RR
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