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Disasters and international business: Insights and recommendations from a systematic review. JOURNAL OF WORLD BUSINESS 2023; 58:101458. [PMCID: PMC10139868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jwb.2023.101458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Disasters – natural or manmade – are on the rise with far-reaching implications for international business (IB) actors and transactions. While the Covid-19 pandemic has generated much academic interest for its impact on business in general, little effort has been made to consolidate the fragmented research on disasters more broadly in the field of international business. Therefore, it is important and urgent to consolidate the existing knowledge to provide a solid basis for future research. We systematically review 132 articles published between 1991 and 2022 and critically evaluate the nascent but rapidly growing literature at the intersection of disasters and IB. Our examination of the different types of disasters (natural and manmade) shows two separate streams: (1) a dominant MNE-centric stream of strategic IB research which regards disaster as an exogenous shock impacting MNE strategies, responses, and resilience, and (2) an emergent stream which places disaster as a more central, embedded phenomenon of investigation impacted by MNEs and other global actors. Our systematic review highlights the gaps in this literature and concludes with a discussion of the intersection of IB-disasters in relation to the 17 United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to suggest directions for future research.
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Expatriates’ Embeddedness and Host Country Withdrawal Intention: A Social Exchange Perspective. MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION REVIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/mor.2022.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this study, we conceptualize the thus far little explored relationship between expatriate and host country as a form of social exchange governed by the norm of reciprocity. Drawing from social exchange theory and our analysis of 451 self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) living and working in the United Arab Emirates, we examine whether the degree of SIEs’ career and community embeddedness explains their host country withdrawal intention via enhanced perceived institutional trust and a more tolerant attitude toward workplace discrimination. Our results provide general support for our theoretical model and most of our hypotheses. In this way, our article makes three contributions. First, it suggests a novel way to conceptualize the relationship between SIEs and host country as a form of social exchange. Second, it differentiates between two dimensions of embeddedness and explicates how the two contribute to SIEs’ intentions to stay in the host country. Finally, the analysis theorizes and empirically tests two previously little explored mechanisms of enhanced institutional trust and a more tolerant attitude toward workplace discrimination through which SIEs’ host country embeddedness influences their host country withdrawal intentions.
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Yusuf R, Fontinha R, Haak-Saheem W. The dynamics of workplace relationships among expatriates and host country nationals in international development organisations. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-03-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThis paper aims to explore the dynamics of workplace relationships between expatriates and host country nationals (HCNs) in international development organisations (IDOs) through the lens of the social comparison theory. These relationships are likely influenced by the way human resource management (HRM) practices are implemented among individuals from both groups.Design/methodology/approachThe auhtors used an inductive approach and analysed qualitative data from ten expatriates and twenty HCNs employed by five IDOs in Nigeria, a risk-prone context.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that both expatriates and HCNs perceive that the HRM practices implemented by IDOs are more favourable to expatriates. This leads to further social comparisons between members of both groups, affecting their workplace interactions.Practical implicationsThe way expatriates and HCNs perceive and act towards these differential practices matters for the operations of IDOs. As such, the authors recommend that IDO management may consider acknowledging diversity in their workforce, enact inclusive practices and make deliberate investments on learning opportunities and maximise the continued investments in expatriate use.Originality/valueThis study contributes to expatriation literature by clarifying the extent to which the enactment of differential HRM practices in a risk-prone context can exacerbate upward social comparisons and significantly influence working relationships. The authors explore this outside the context of multinational enterprises, focusing on IDOs that play a valuable role in local societies.
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Sahoo A, Xechung NL, Mostafiz MI, Krishnaswamy J. Perceived risk and sensitivity and their influence on expatriate performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. GLOBAL BUSINESS AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE 2022. [PMCID: PMC9088582 DOI: 10.1002/joe.22152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The COVID 19 pandemic has changed the way that global businesses function, and has been the driving force behind a reevaluation of the factors that influence expatriate performance. This study empirically examines the mediating effects of perceived risk and sensitivity in the relationship between self‐initiated expatriates support mechanisms (perceived organizational support and host‐country national support) and expatriate performance during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The data from 114 expatriates working and residing in Malaysia between March 27 and May 14, 2020 was analyzed using structural equation modelling. The results from the study indicate that host country national support significantly influences expatriate performance indirectly through expatriate engagement, while perceived risk and sensitivity moderate the relationship between perceived organizational support and host country national support through expatriate engagement. The integration of factors that influence work performance during a pandemic, such as perceived risk and sensitivity, leads to a more concise view of expatriation. Organizations need to be more prepared in terms of risk induced scenarios, and propose suitable intervention programs to mitigate the potential negative outcomes due to a pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sahoo
- Taylors University Lakeside Campus Subang Jaya Selangor Malaysia
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Haist J, Kurth P. How do low-status expatriates deal with crises? Stress, external support and personal coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-03-2021-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeLow-status expatriates (LSEs), a highly vulnerable group, have been significantly affected by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the stressors that continue to impact LSEs in Germany and their access to support during the pandemic.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretivist, qualitative research approach was employed. The authors utilised a multi-level data collection strategy that combined interview and questionnaire data from 16 expatriates and 16 social actors. The data were analysed using a directed content analysis method.FindingsLSEs experienced high levels of stress that were further exacerbated by the introduction of COVID-19 control measures that were intended to slow the spread of the virus. LSEs are particularly vulnerable due to their overrepresentation in precarious professions and the associated job insecurity. Critically, external support from employers and social actors is generally lacking, leaving LSEs to rely on their own personal coping strategies in difficult times.Research limitations/implicationsThe earlier Expatriate crisis Framework highlights the importance of external support for expatriates. However, this framework does not sufficiently account for personal coping strategies that are particularly important for individuals that cannot access such external support (e.g. LSEs). Herein, the authors offer a revised framework that is more applicable to LSEs.Practical implicationsCurrent practices are problematic, necessitating policy changes at both governmental and organisational levels.Originality/valueThis study provides unique insights into the ways in which the pandemic has affected the already precarious position of LSEs and identifies the importance of personal coping strategies in the absence of external sources of support.
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Flexible global working arrangements: An integrative review and future research agenda. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2021. [PMCID: PMC7451007 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The topography of global mobility within multinational enterprises (MNEs) is evolving where we now have a portfolio of flexible global working arrangements (FGWAs) including: international business travellers, flexpatriates, short-term international assignees, international commuters, and rotational assignees. The need for more agile structures and more efficient mechanisms to transfer globally dispersed knowledge are two key enablers in this evolution. With increased interest, this paper offers the first systematic, integrative review of 100 articles on FGWAs. The review indicates that these forms of global work appear to be a somewhat overlooked double-edged sword in that they may confer significant but unrealised value for MNEs alongside hidden, adverse consequences for individuals. Notable was the lack of insight into the HR function's input or oversight at either a strategic or operational level. We find that there is a distinct lack of strategic linkages to global mobility and/or HR functions. We propose a research agenda that centres on better understanding the international HR function's role and responsibility in providing a more strategic and sustainable perspective of these increasingly common FGWAs alongside virtual work. The COVID-19 pandemic may offer a critical juncture point in which there is greater strategic consideration on the utilisation and support of such arrangements. This is the first systematic review on flexible global working arrangements There is a clear imbalance in representation of the work arrangements in the literature Value creation and destruction highlight the doubled-edged nature of such work There is a lack of research into the HR function's input or oversight Research on strategic IHRM integration and sustainable management is proposed
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“Your health and safety is of utmost importance to us”: A review of research on the occupational health and safety of international employees. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tripathi CM, Singh T. Sailing through the COVID-19 pandemic: managing expatriates' psychological well-being and performance during natural crises. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-03-2021-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe unprecedented challenges brought about by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic affected people's lives worldwide. The purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual model to explain how natural crisis events, such as COVID-19, cause stress and influence the psychological well-being (PWB) and performance of expatriates.Design/methodology/approachThe model presented in this conceptual paper is based on Bader and Berg's (2014) two-stage stress emergence and outcome model developed to study expatriates' performance in terrorism-endangered countries. The authors apply their model to natural crisis events and provide propositions to explain the postulated relationships.FindingsThe proposed model delineates the stressors that emerge from psychological and situational factors, and how they impact the PWB and performance of expatriates. The article emphasizes how resilience, social network, and support from the organization, supervisor, and family can help mitigate the adverse effects of stress on the PWB of expatriates. Furthermore, keeping in mind the prevailing situations due to COVID-19, the authors shed light on the indispensability of virtual collaboration in ameliorating expatriates' performance in challenging times.Practical implicationsImplications are discussed for organizations in devising plans and strategies to deal with unforeseen crisis events.Originality/valueThis study extends the expatriation literature to the events of natural crisis by incorporating the stress emergence-outcome model. In doing so, the authors identify the factors relevant to natural crises and apply them to understand how they could impact expatriates in such times.
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Haak-Saheem W, Woodrow C, Brewster C. Low-status expatriates in the United Arab Emirates: a psychological contract perspective. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2021.1983632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Woodrow
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
| | - Chris Brewster
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK
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Kwong C, Demirbag M, Wood G, Cooke FL. Human resource management in the context of high uncertainties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2021.1966203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb Kwong
- Essex Business School, University of Essex, Southend-on-Sea, UK
| | - Mehmet Demirbag
- Essex Business School, University of Essex, Southend-on-Sea, UK
| | - Geoffrey Wood
- DAN Department of Management & Organizational Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fang Lee Cooke
- Monash Business School, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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Asim M, Zhiying L, Nadeem MA, Ghani U, Arshad M, Yi X. How Authoritarian Leadership Affects Employee's Helping Behavior? The Mediating Role of Rumination and Moderating Role of Psychological Ownership. Front Psychol 2021; 12:667348. [PMID: 34552524 PMCID: PMC8450323 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interpersonal helping behaviors, i.e., voluntarily assisting colleagues for their workplace related problems, have received immense amount of scholarly attention due to their significant impacts on organizational effectiveness. Among several other factors, authoritarian leadership style could influence helping behavior within organizations. Furthermore, this relationship could be mediated by workplace stressor such as rumination, known as a critical psychological health component leading to depressive symptoms, hopelessness and pessimism. In the meantime, less research attention has devoted to probe the crucial role of psychological ownership, which can buffer the adverse effects of authoritarian leadership upon rumination. Building on conservation of resources theory, this study investigates the adverse impacts of authoritarian leadership on employees' helping behaviors through mediating role of rumination, and also examines the moderating effect of psychological ownership between the relationship of authoritarian leadership and rumination. The data were collected from 264 employees in education and banking sectors and the results show: (i) authoritarian leadership has adverse impacts on helping behavior, (ii) rumination mediates the relationship between authoritarian leadership and employees' helping behaviors, and (iii) psychological ownership moderates the positive relationship between authoritarian leadership and rumination. This study concludes that authoritarian leadership has adverse impacts upon helping behavior, which needs to be controlled/minimized. The findings are of great significance for managers, employees, and organizations in terms of policy implications. The limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asim
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Zhiying
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Muhammad Athar Nadeem
- International Institute of Finance/School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
| | - Usman Ghani
- Department of Business Administration, Iqra University, Karachi, Pakistan.,College of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mahwish Arshad
- Department of Economics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Xu Yi
- School of Management, University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, China
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Ipek E, Paulus P. The influence of personality on individuals' expatriation willingness in the context of safe and dangerous environments. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-10-2020-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which a destination's security level affects the relationship between personality traits and individuals' expatriation willingness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors apply an experimental vignette methodology using a 2 × 1 between subjects-design with two destinations characterized by different security levels (dangerous vs. safe) among 278 participants (students and employees). Partial least squares multigroup analysis (PLS-MGA) was employed to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings indicate that different personality variables appear to impact individuals' expatriation willingness depending on the security level of a destination: emotionality and conscientiousness predicted expatriation willingness to dangerous environments, whereas openness to experience predicted expatriation willingness to safe environments. The personality traits of honesty–humility, extraversion and agreeableness were not found to influence expatriation willingness in either scenario.Practical implicationsThe study discusses a set of practical recommendations for the selection and the management of eligible individuals who are willing to expatriate to dangerous locations.Originality/valueThe study is among the first to examine the influence of personality on expatriation willingness in safe and dangerous environments at the same time. It advances prior research by providing a more nuanced understanding of the context-specific effects of personality on expatriation willingness.
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Saleem S, Yusaf S, Sarwar N, Raziq MM, Malik OF. Linking Abusive Supervision to Psychological Distress and Turnover Intentions Among Police Personnel: The Moderating Role of Continuance Commitment. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:4451-4471. [PMID: 30070586 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518791592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we examine the linkages between abusive supervision, psychological distress, and turnover intentions. In addition, we aim to investigate whether continuance commitment moderates the effects of abusive supervision and psychological distress on turnover intentions. The sample of the study comprised 250 police personnel from one of the largest cities of Pakistan. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire and hypotheses were tested with linear regressions using the PROCESS macro. We found that abusive supervision positively predicts psychological distress that, in turn, positively predicts turnover intentions. Furthermore, continuance commitment attenuates the impacts of abusive supervision and psychological distress on turnover intentions. We contribute to the literature by demonstrating that sustained exposure to abusive supervision affects subordinates' turnover intentions directly as well as indirectly through psychological distress, and that the positive impacts of abusive supervision and associated psychological distress on turnover intentions are weaker among individuals who are high in continuance commitment compared with those who are low. A number of practical implications are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saquib Yusaf
- COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hubner S, Rudic B, Baum M. How entrepreneur’s leadership behavior and demographics shape applicant attraction to new ventures: the role of stereotypes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2021.1893785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Hubner
- Faculty of Economics and Management, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Biljana Rudic
- Institute for LifeLong Learning, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Matthias Baum
- Chair of Entrepreneurship and Digital Business Models, Universität Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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Ererdi C, Nurgabdeshov A, Kozhakhmet S, Rofcanin Y, Demirbag M. International HRM in the context of uncertainty and crisis: a systematic review of literature (2000–2018). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2020.1863247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Can Ererdi
- School of Management, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | - Yasin Rofcanin
- School of Management, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Management, Istanbul Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Research insights: Global mobility in a post-covid world 1. THE IRISH JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/ijm-2020-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
How multinational enterprises staff their global operations has been a key question for researchers in international human resource management (IHRM) for a number of decades. It is widely recognised that getting staffing right on the global scale is key in enabling multinational enterprises (MNEs) to deliver on their strategic objectives. However the landscape of global staffing has been evolving considerably over recent decades with a much more complex landscape of global mobility emerging. The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant challenge for the future of global mobility and amplifies a number of trends already challenging our understanding of global staffing arrangements. In this paper, we reflect on these challenges and the likely future for global mobility. We also identify some critical areas of focus for scholars in researching global mobility moving forward.
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Faeth PC, Kittler MG. Expatriate management in hostile environments from a multi-stakeholder perspective – a systematic review. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-07-2019-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe successful management of business expatriates and their families in hostile environments (HE) is a current concern for academics and human resources (HR) practitioners alike. Terrorism and other forms of violent crime have become salient topics on the public agenda, and international organizations are increasingly affected. Hence, scholarly interest in the HR implications for organizations sending staff to HEs has recently grown, and a nascent research area has emerged. This paper is the first systematic review synthesizing emerging literature in the field of expatriate management in HEs and its theoretical foundations, applying a multi-stakeholder perspective.Design/methodology/approachFollowing accepted review procedures, systematic searches were conducted across three major databases. Manual search in target journals provided additional scrutiny.FindingsAfter analysing 28 articles, four main stakeholders were identified as follows: environments, expatriates, assigning organizations and the expatriates' social networks. Findings reveal the ways of how all stakeholders can affect expatiation success or be affected so that the success of the assignment is jeopardised.Originality/valueOur paper illustrates how these diverse articles can be linked within a comprehensive multi-stakeholder framework and provides avenues for future research. We also shift attention to neglected theoretical perspectives that might further improve the understanding of expatriates in HEs while offering actionable guidance for managerial and organizational practices.
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Caligiuri P, De Cieri H, Minbaeva D, Verbeke A, Zimmermann A. International HRM insights for navigating the COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for future research and practice. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS STUDIES 2020; 51:697-713. [PMID: 32836500 PMCID: PMC7266413 DOI: 10.1057/s41267-020-00335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We show the relevance of extant international business (IB) research, and more specifically work on international human resources management (IHRM), to address COVID-19 pandemic challenges. Decision-makers in multinational enterprises have undertaken various types of actions to alleviate the impacts of the pandemic. In most cases these actions relate in some way to managing distance and to rethinking boundaries, whether at the macro- or firm-levels. Managing distance and rethinking boundaries have been the primary focus of much IB research since the IB field was established as a legitimate area of academic inquiry. The pandemic has led to increased cross-border distance problems (e.g., as the result of travel bans and reduced international mobility), and often also to new intra-firm distancing challenges imposed upon previously co-located employees. Prior IHRM research has highlighted the difficulties presented by distance, in terms of employee selection, training, support, health and safety, as well as leadership and virtual collaboration. Much of this thinking is applicable to solve pandemic-related distance challenges. The present, extreme cases of requisite physical distancing need not imply equivalent increases in psychological distance, and also offer firms some insight into the unanticipated benefits of a virtual workforce - a type of workforce that, quite possibly, will influence the 'new normal' of the post-COVID world. Extant IHRM research does offer actionable insight for today, but outstanding knowledge gaps remain. Looking ahead, we offer three domains for future IHRM research: managing under uncertainty, facilitating international and even global work, and redefining organizational performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Caligiuri
- D’Amore-McKim School of Business, Northeastern University, 312C Hayden Hall, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02124 USA
| | - Helen De Cieri
- Monash Business School, Monash University, 900 Dandenong Road, Caulfield East, VIC 3145 Australia
| | - Dana Minbaeva
- Copenhagen Business School, Kilevej 14, Copenhagen, 2000 Denmark
| | - Alain Verbeke
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4 Canada
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Solvay Business School, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Angelika Zimmermann
- School of Business and Economics, Loughborough University, Ashby Road, Loughborough, LE11 3TU UK
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The dark side of expatriation: dysfunctional relationships, expatriate crises, predjudice and a VUCA world. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-06-2019-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Bader B, Schuster T, Dickmann M. Managing people in hostile environments: lessons learned and new grounds in HR research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2018.1548499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bader
- Newcastle University Business School, Leadership, Work, and Organisation , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Tassilo Schuster
- Faculty of Business Administration, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München , Munich , Germany
| | - Michael Dickmann
- International Human Resource Management, Cranfield School of Management, Cranfield University , UK
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Malik OF, Schat AC, Raziq MM, Shahzad A, Khan M. Relationships between perceived risk of terrorism, fear, and avoidance behaviors among Pakistani university students: A multigroup study. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Paulus P, Muehlfeld K. Host country language skills and expatriates’ cross-cultural adjustment in the presence of fear of terror. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-11-2016-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between host country (HC) language skills, fear of terror, and cross-cultural adjustment (CCA) of expatriates based in host countries with different terrorist threat levels.
Design/methodology/approach
Integrating the expatriate adjustment framework by Black et al. (1991) with social identity theory-based literature, this study first, theorizes about the effects of both fear of terror and HC language proficiency on CCA and, second, puts forward the moderating effect of the actual terrorist threat level on the relationship between HC language proficiency and fear of terror. Hypotheses are tested using survey data of 116 expatriates based in host countries with different threat levels.
Findings
HC language proficiency is positively associated with CCA. Yet, it is also positively associated with fear of terror, which is, in turn, negatively related to CCA. Consequently, the beneficial effect of HC language skills on CCA is reduced in environments where expatriates experience significant fear of terror. While the actual threat level has a direct positive effect on fear of terror, it also positively moderates the relationship between HC language proficiency and fear of terror.
Originality/value
This study extends prior literature on expatriation to dangerous environments by zooming in on a specific type of risk factor associated with international assignments, i.e., terrorism, and by integrating HC language proficiency and fear of terror as important factors, which may influence CCA in contexts in which expatriates experience significant fear of terror.
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Ballesteros Leiva F, Poilpot-Rocaboy G, St-Onge S. Social Support and Life-Domain Interactions among Assigned and Self-Initiated Expatriates. EUROPEAN MANAGEMENT REVIEW 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/emre.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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McNulty Y, McPhail R, Inversi C, Dundon T, Nechanska E. Employee voice mechanisms for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender expatriation: the role of Employee-Resource Groups (ERGs) and allies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1376221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne McNulty
- School of Human Development and Social Services, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ruth McPhail
- Department of Employment Relations and Human Resources, Griffith University, Australia
| | - Cristina Inversi
- Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tony Dundon
- Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Eva Nechanska
- School of Business, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Posthuma RA, Ramsey JR, Flores GL, Maertz C, Ahmed RO. A risk management model for research on expatriates in hostile work environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1376222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Posthuma
- College of Business Administration, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Jase R. Ramsey
- John Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gabriela L. Flores
- College of Business Administration, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Carl Maertz
- John Cook School of Business, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rawia O. Ahmed
- College of Business Administration, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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Abstract
Purpose
Repatriation continues to be a current challenge for many international firms. While this topic has received only limited attention in literature in the past, it has aroused an increased academic interest since the 2000s. Until now, however, thorough analyses of advancements in this field, which go beyond a pure content-related review, are still scarce in research. To address this gap, this study provides a systematic and comprehensive literature review of repatriation from an ecological systems perspective. The purpose of this paper is threefold: to analyze where and when repatriation research has been published, what aspects (e.g. topics, theories, and contexts) have been considered in the repatriation literature, and how the research has been conducted (e.g. employed methodologies). Based on the findings implications for future research are developed.
Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a systematic literature review of 96 peer-reviewed articles from 1973 to 2016.
Findings
The results of the study reveal that repatriation has found its way into journals of different disciplines. By employing an ecological systems theoretical perspective, the study shows that research on repatriation covers a broad set of ecological systems to explain repatriation outcomes. Quantitative approaches are fairly prominent in repatriation research, whereas the use of qualitative approaches has increased lately. Mixed-methods approaches, however, are still scarce in the repatriation literature. Moreover, the results outline that the majority of scholars collected data on the individual level. With regard to methodological rigor (both design and analysis), a steady use of linear regression modeling in quantitative articles was found, whereas more sophisticated methodological approaches such as structural equation modeling and longitudinal studies have only recently found their way into repatriation research. Finally, by considering that the expatriate literature addresses a variety of types of expatriation, this study highlights that research on repatriation should differentiate more thoroughly between types of repatriates to provide target-group-oriented recommendations and to deepen the understanding of the repatriation phenomenon.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the repatriation research in several ways. First, it provides a systematic analysis of the repatriation literature from an ecological systems theoretical lens. By combining this content-related analysis with an investigation of methodological issues, the study outlines which ecological systems have been covered in the literature on repatriation, where the strengths and weaknesses of this literature stream lay, and in which direction future avenues of research should move. Moreover, the study highlights which methodological shortcomings are still existent in the repatriation literature and shows that a differentiated viewpoint on repatriates like in the expatriation literature is still in an embryonic stage in repatriation research. Finally, it contributes to the repatriation research by deducing valuable recommendations for future research.
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Suder G, Reade C, Riviere M, Birnik A, Nielsen N. Mind the gap: the role of HRM in creating, capturing and leveraging rare knowledge in hostile environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1351462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol Reade
- College of Business, San José State University, San José, CA, USA
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Beutell NJ, O'Hare MM, Schneer JA, Alstete JW. Coping with Fear of and Exposure to Terrorism among Expatriates. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E808. [PMID: 28753940 PMCID: PMC5551246 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines existing research on the impact of terrorism on expatriate coping strategies. We consider pre-assignment fear of terrorism, in-country coping strategies, and anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) associated with repatriation. The extant research is small but growing. Our model for expatriate coping at the pre-departure, in-country, and repatriation stages includes strategies specific to each stage. Preparation using proactive coping, systematic desensitization, problem and emotion focused coping, social support, and virtual reality explorations are recommended. Selecting expatriate candidates who are well-adjusted, emotionally intelligent, and possessing good coping skills is essential for successful assignments in terror-prone regions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne M O'Hare
- College of Education and Human Services, Seton Hall University, South Orange, NJ 07079, USA.
| | - Joy A Schneer
- College of Business Administration, Rider University, Lawrenceville, NJ 08648, USA.
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Gannon J, Paraskevas A. In the line of fire: managing expatriates in hostile environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2017.1322122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judie Gannon
- International Centre for Coaching & Mentoring Studies, Department of Business & Management, Business School, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandros Paraskevas
- London Geller College of Hospitality & Tourism, University of West London, London, UK
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30
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Puchmüller K, Fischlmayr I. Support for female international business travellers in dual-career families. JOURNAL OF GLOBAL MOBILITY: THE HOME OF EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1108/jgm-05-2016-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate experiences of female international business travellers living in dual-career families (DCFs) who also have childcare obligations. In particular, the paper explores in which way different sources of support – specifically organizational support – are perceived as important and are available to the women under research. Because of the women’s regular absences due to business trips and the fulfilment of their family role, challenges regarding childcare or household responsibilities may occur. Consequently and also according to social support theory, different types of support may be necessary to organize family and international career, and effectively perform in both environments.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper examines the experiences and thoughts of these women with special regards on support issues. Data are collected from 51 semi-structured interviews with internationally travelling women in DCF situations originating from seven Western and non-Western countries. The interviews are analysed applying template analysis.
Findings
Results show that, across countries, support is mainly derived from within family. Regarding institutional or organizational support, however, the reported expectations and actually offered activities differ because of local institutional and cultural variations. The examined women value different forms of organizational support, but do not necessarily expect it.
Originality/value
This paper represents the first exploratory examinations of various forms of support for female international business travellers in DCFs suggested by social support theory. It includes a culturally diverse sample and contributes to cross-cultural career research.
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Bader AK, Reade C, Froese FJ. Terrorism and expatriate withdrawal cognitions: the differential role of perceived work and non-work constraints. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2016.1233448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Katharina Bader
- Chair of HRM and Asian Business, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Carol Reade
- School of Global Innovation and Leadership, Lucas College and Graduate School of Business, San José State University, San José, CA, USA
| | - Fabian Jintae Froese
- Chair of HRM and Asian Business, Georg-August-University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
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Ramirez J, Madero S, Muñiz C. The impact of narcoterrorism on HRM systems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1091371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Bader B, Schuster T, Dickmann M. Special issue of International Journal of Human Resource Management: Danger and risk as challenges for HRM: how to manage people in hostile environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1038116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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34
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Bader B, Schuster T, Dickmann M. Special issue ofInternational Journal of Human Resource Management: Danger and risk as challenges for HRM: how to manage people in hostile environments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2015.1019256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Bader B, Schuster T. Expatriate Social Networks in Terrorism-Endangered Countries: An Empirical Analysis in Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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