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Gharbi-Khelifi H, Jmii H, Mosbahi M, Hamdi S, Hamdi R, Brahmi J, Loukil S, Chamkha M, Sayadi S, Aouni M, Barreiro A, Fernández-Sanjurjo MJ, Núñez-Delgado A, Rodríguez EÁ. Microbiological and physicochemical quality enhancement of treated wastewater using raw and chemically modified clays from Sidi Bouzid region, Tunisia. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117391. [PMID: 37852463 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental discharge of wastewater represents a source of chemical and biological pollutants. This study firstly evaluates the microbiological and physicochemical quality of treated wastewaters collected from two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in two different Tunisian cities namely Sidi Bouzid (SB) and Gafsa (G). Then, the capacity of three raw and acid/base-activated local clays to enhance the quality of wastewaters was assessed. The results indicate that the quantities of enteric bacteria (oscillating from 1.381 × 103 to 1.4 × 108 CFU/100 mL), fungi (between 1.331 × 103 and 1.781 × 104 CFU/100 mL), as well as SARS-CoV-2 (between 4.25 × 103 and 5.05 × 105 CFU/100 mL) and Hepatitis A virus RNA (form 4.25 × 103 to 7.4 × 104 CFU/100 mL) detected in effluent wastewaters were not in compliance with the Tunisian standards for both studied WWTPs. Likewise for other indicators such as electrical conductivity (ranging 4.9-5.4 mS/cm), suspended matter (145-160 g l-1), chemical oxygen demand (123-160 mg l-1), biological oxygen demand 5 (172-195 mg l-1), chloride, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and phosphorus contents (710, 58-66 and 9.47-10.83 mg l-1 respectively), the registered values do not agree with the set standards established for wastewater treatment. On the other hand, the pH values fitted (oscillating from 6.86 (at G) to 7.24 (at SB) with the Tunisian standards for both WWTPs. After treatment, wastewaters showed better values for the microbiological parameters, especially for the clays designed as AM and HJ1, which eliminated 100% of viruses. In addition, when acid-activated AM clays were applied, a marked improvement in the quality of physicochemical parameters was obtained, especially for suspended matter (2 and 4 g l-1 for SB and G, respectively), TKN (5.2 (SB) and 6.40 (G) mg/l), phosphorus (1.01 (SB) and 0.81 (G) mg/l). Our results open perspectives for the possibility of efficiently using these specific clays in the enhancement of the quality of treated wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakima Gharbi-Khelifi
- LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, 9100 Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia.
| | - Habib Jmii
- LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Mosbahi
- Laboratory of Georessources CERTE, Technopole Borj Cedria, Tunisia
| | - Samiha Hamdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, 9100 Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia; Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Rawand Hamdi
- LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jihen Brahmi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology of Sidi Bouzid, University of Kairouan, 9100 Sidi Bouzid, Tunisia
| | - Slim Loukil
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, PO Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Chamkha
- Laboratory of Environmental Bioprocesses, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Sfax University, PO Box 1177, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sami Sayadi
- Biotechnology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Mahjoub Aouni
- LR99-ES27, Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue Avicenne, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Ana Barreiro
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Maria J Fernández-Sanjurjo
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Avelino Núñez-Delgado
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Esperanza Álvarez Rodríguez
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Engineering Polytechnic School, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
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Slaughterhouse Wastewater Treatment: A Review on Recycling and Reuse Possibilities. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13223175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Slaughterhouses produce a large amount of wastewater, therefore, with respect to the increasing water scarcity, slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) recycling seems to be a desirable goal. The emerging challenges and opportunities for recycling and reuse have been examined here. The selection of a suitable process for SWW recycling is dependent on the characteristics of the wastewater, the available technology, and the legal requirements. SWW recycling is not operated at a large scale up to date, due to local legal sanitary requirements as well as challenges in technical implementation. Since SWW recycling with single-stage technologies is unlikely, combined processes are examined and evaluated within the scope of this publication. The process combination of dissolved air flotation (DAF) followed by membrane bioreactor (MBR) and, finally, reverse osmosis (RO) as a polishing step seems to be particularly promising. In this way, wastewater treatment for process water reuse could be achieved in theory, as well as in comparable laboratory experiments. Furthermore, it was calculated via the methane production potential that the entire energy demand of wastewater treatment could be covered if the organic fraction of the wastewater was used for biogas production.
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Antunes ADS, Triques CC, Buzanello-Martins CV, Mateus GAP, Bergamasco R, Fagundes-Klen MR. Influence of bionanoparticles to treat a slaughterhouse wastewater. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 43:1-17. [PMID: 34252360 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1955016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of effluents from animal slaughterhouse industries is indispensable, standing out coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation processes. Bionanoparticles (BioNPs) (nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with Moringa extracts (MO)) were studied as an alternative natural coagulant that would contribute to the microbial load reduction, without increasing the treated effluent toxicity. MO extracts were prepared with different salts, and then, in a kinetics study, different NPs mass and coagulant dosages were evaluated. In the best-defined conditions, microbial load, toxicity tests for the bioindicator Lactuca sativa, and NPs reuse evaluation were performed. Removals of 96.14% turbidity and 43.63% UV254nm were achieved when using 500 mg L-1 of BioNPs containing 60 mg of NPs for every 20 mL of MO extract prepared with 0.1 M CaCl2. The BioNPs with an external magnetic field also decreased the sedimentation time from 140 to 10 min compared to MO, and the process efficiency did not expressively decrease after reusing the recovered NPs. Through toxicity tests, BioNPs were not considered to leave residuals toxic to the Lactuca sativa in the treated effluent. Besides, the microbial load reduction was 97.33% for heterotrophic microorganisms and total mesophiles and 99.25% for moulds/yeasts. Therefore, a satisfactory primary treatment was achieved, contributing to the sustainability of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Dos Santos Antunes
- Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of Western Paraná UNIOESTE, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Carina Contini Triques
- Chemical Engineering Postgraduate Program, State University of Western Paraná UNIOESTE, Toledo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rosangela Bergamasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá UEM, Maringá, Brazil
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