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Rakib M, Baddam Y, Subeshan B, Sengul AB, Asmatulu E. Fabrication of spirulina based activated carbons for wastewater treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:1109-1123. [PMID: 36263868 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2138557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The lack of safe drinking water is among the main problems to be faced by many areas of the world due to climate change, unrestrained population increases, and unsustainable usage of water sources. Therefore, research projects focusing on water quality, pollution, and control for sustainable water sources are in high demand to manage any unexpected changes in water sources. Drinking water sources may be contaminated with organic and inorganic chemicals, disinfection by-products, and microorganisms. Different treatment processes to remove these contaminants from water may be limited because of their high costs and time-consuming or require a multiple-barrier approach to improving performance. Therefore, there is a great need to develop an effective process for removing impurities. The primary objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of algae-based activated carbons and develop a unique, low-cost sustainable process for wastewater treatment. Activated carbons were produced from pelletised algae powder using carbonisation and chemical activation. Chemical activation was carried out with calcium chloride (CaCl2) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) as chemical agents. Furthermore, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) along with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used to analyse the morphology, surface area, as well as the porosity of the prepared activated carbons to build a water column filter. Based on the results, algae-based carbon with CaCl2 activation provided a better surface area (197.7486 m2/g) and cumulative pore volume (0.105284 cm3/g). The filtration process using algae-based activated carbon can be a promising technique for water treatment with some further improvement and modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Rakib
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Yeshaswini Baddam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | | | - Ayse B Sengul
- Southern Polytechnique College of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Civil and Construction Engineering, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA, USA
| | - Eylem Asmatulu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
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2
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Zeng Z, Li Q, Yan J, Huang L, Arulmani SRB, Zhang H, Xie S, Sio W. The model and mechanism of adsorptive technologies for wastewater containing fluoride: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139808. [PMID: 37591373 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous development of society, industrialization, and human activities have been producing more and more pollutants. Fluoride discharge is one of the main causes of water pollution. This review summarizes various commonly used and effective fluoride removal technologies, including ion exchange technology, electrochemical technology, coagulation technology, membrane treatment, and adsorption technology, and points out the outstanding advantages of adsorption technology. Various commonly used fluoride removal techniques as well as typical adsorbent materials have been discussed in published papers, however, the relationship between different adsorbent materials and adsorption models has rarely been explored, therefore, this paper categorizes and summarizes the various models involved in static adsorption, dynamic adsorption, and electrosorption fluoride removal processes, such as pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, Thomas and Clark dynamic adsorption models, including the mathematical equations of the corresponding models and the significance of the models are also comprehensively summarized. Furthermore, this comprehensive discussion delves into the fundamental adsorption mechanisms, quantification of maximum adsorption capacity, evaluation of resistance to anion interference, and assessment of adsorption regeneration performance exhibited by diverse adsorption materials. The selection of the best adsorption model not only predicts the adsorption performance of the adsorbent but also provides a better description and understanding of the details of each part of the adsorption process, which facilitates the adjustment of experimental conditions to optimize the adsorption process. This review may provide some guidance for the development of more cost-effective adsorbent materials and adsorption processes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lei Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Samuel Raj Babu Arulmani
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), Campus de Beaulieu, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangzhou University-Linköping University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaojian Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenghong Sio
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, 999078, China
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Song J, Yang W, Han X, Jiang S, Zhang C, Pan W, Jian S, Hu J. Performance of Rod-Shaped Ce Metal-Organic Frameworks for Defluoridation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083492. [PMID: 37110726 PMCID: PMC10143828 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of a Ce(III)-4,4',4″-((1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triyl) tris (azanediyl)) tribenzoic acid-organic framework (Ce-H3TATAB-MOFs) for capturing excess fluoride in aqueous solutions and its subsequent defluoridation was investigated in depth. The optimal sorption capacity was obtained with a metal/organic ligand molar ratio of 1:1. The morphological characteristics, crystalline shape, functional groups, and pore structure of the material were analyzed via SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and N2 adsorption-desorption experiments, and the thermodynamics, kinetics, and adsorption mechanism were elucidated. The influence of pH and co-existing ions for defluoridation performance were also sought. The results show that Ce-H3TATAB-MOFs is a mesoporous material with good crystallinity, and that quasi-second kinetic and Langmuir models can describe the sorption kinetics and thermodynamics well, demonstrating that the entire sorption process is a monolayer-governed chemisorption. The Langmuir maximum sorption capacity was 129.7 mg g-1 at 318 K (pH = 4). The adsorption mechanism involves ligand exchange, electrostatic interaction, and surface complexation. The best removal effect was reached at pH 4, and a removal effectiveness of 76.57% was obtained under strongly alkaline conditions (pH 10), indicating that the adsorbent has a wide range of applications. Ionic interference experiments showed that the presence of PO43- and H2PO4- in water have an inhibitory effect on defluoridation, whereas SO42-, Cl-, CO32-, and NO3- are conducive to the adsorption of fluoride due to the ionic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Song
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Weisen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Han
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Wenbin Pan
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Shaoju Jian
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Technology of Fujian Province University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Industrial Green Technology, Wuyi University, Wuyishan 354300, China
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Ashraf I, Li R, Chen B, Al-Ansari N, Rizwan Aslam M, Altaf AR, Elbeltagi A. Nanoarchitectonics and Kinetics Insights into Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water Using Magnetic Tea Biochar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13092. [PMID: 36293670 PMCID: PMC9603494 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride contamination in water is a key problem facing the world, leading to health problems such as dental and skeletal fluorosis. So, we used low-cost multifunctional tea biochar (TBC) and magnetic tea biochar (MTBC) prepared by facile one-step pyrolysis of waste tea leaves. The TBC and MTBC were characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, and VSM. Both TBC and MTBC contain high carbon contents of 63.45 and 63.75%, respectively. The surface area of MTBC (115.65 m2/g) was higher than TBC (81.64 m2/g). The modified biochar MTBC was further used to remediate the fluoride-contaminated water. The fluoride adsorption testing was conducted using the batch method at 298, 308, and 318 K. The maximum fluoride removal efficiency (E%) using MTBC was 98% when the adsorbent dosage was 0.5 g/L and the fluoride concentration was 50 mg/L. The experiment data for fluoride adsorption on MTBC best fit the pseudo 2nd order, rather than the pseudo 1st order. In addition, the intraparticle diffusion model predicts the boundary diffusion. Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubnin-Radushkevich isotherm models were fitted to explain the fluoride adsorption on MTBC. The Langmuir adsorption capacity of MTBC = 18.78 mg/g was recorded at 298 K and decreased as the temperature increased. The MTBC biochar was reused in ten cycles, and the E% was still 85%. The obtained biochar with a large pore size and high removal efficiency may be an effective and low-cost adsorbent for treating fluoride-containing water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Ashraf
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Bin Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Nadhir Al-Ansari
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Rizwan Aslam
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Adnan Raza Altaf
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ahmed Elbeltagi
- Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Wei L, Zhang L, Guo S, Jia X, Zhang Y, Sun C, Dai X. Synthesis and Study of a New Type of Fluorinated Polyether Demulsifier for Heavy Oil Emulsion Demulsification. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:25518-25528. [PMID: 34632209 PMCID: PMC8495885 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To solve the problem of heavy oil demulsification difficulties in Liaohe Oilfield, phenolamine resin initiator was synthesized from p-trifluoromethyl phenol, and then FB series fluorinated polyether demulsifiers were synthesized by block polymerization using ethylene oxide (EO) and propylene oxide (PO) as raw materials. The demulsifiers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, cloud point, hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value, and surface tension. The demulsifying and dehydrating properties were tested by demulsifying and dehydrating experiments, the demulsification mechanism was analyzed by the microscopic demulsification process test, and the influence of demulsifier addition and demulsifying temperature on demulsifying performance was also studied. The results showed that under the condition of the optimum demulsification temperature of 60 °C and the optimum demulsifier dosage of 100 mg/L, the water removal (%) of fluorinated polyether demulsifier of FB 4 was the highest, and the overall water removal (%) of 50 mL crude oil emulsion in Liaohe Oilfield reached 90.33% within 2 h, which was better than the current demulsifier used in Liaohe crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Wei
- School
of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum
University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School
of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum
University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Shijun Guo
- School
of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum
University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Xinlei Jia
- School
of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum
University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School
of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum
University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Pipechina
North Pipeline Company, Langfang 065000, China
| | - Xuanrui Dai
- School
of Petroleum Engineering, Northeast Petroleum
University, Daqing 163318, China
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