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Fruh V, Wesselink AK, Schildroth S, Bethea TN, Geller RJ, Calafat AM, Coull BA, Wegienka G, Harmon QE, Baird DD, Wise LA, Claus Henn B. Non-persistent endocrine disrupting chemical mixtures and uterine leiomyomata in the study of environment, lifestyle and fibroids (SELF). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142050. [PMID: 38631496 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Results of studies investigating associations between individual endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and incidence of uterine leiomyomata (UL), a hormone-dependent gynecological condition, have been inconsistent. However, few studies have evaluated simultaneous exposure to a mixture of EDCs with UL incidence. METHODS We conducted a case-cohort analysis (n = 708) of data from the Study of the Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids (SELF), a prospective cohort study. Participants were aged 23-35 years at enrollment, had an intact uterus, and identified as Black or African American. We measured biomarker concentrations of 21 non-persistent EDCs, including phthalates, phenols, parabens, and triclocarban, in urine collected at baseline, 20-month, and 40-month clinic visits. We ascertained UL incidence and characteristics using ultrasounds at baseline and approximately every 20 months through 60 months. We used probit Bayesian Kernel Machine Regression (BKMR-P) to evaluate joint associations between EDC mixtures with cumulative UL incidence. We estimated the mean difference in the probit of UL incidence over the study period, adjusting for baseline age, education, years since last birth, parity, smoking status and body mass index. We converted probit estimates to odds ratios for ease of interpretation. RESULTS We observed that urinary concentrations of the overall EDC mixture were inversely associated with UL incidence in the overall mixtures model, with the strongest inverse associations at the 70th percentile of all biomarkers compared with their 50th percentile (odds ratio = 0.59; 95% confidence interval: 0.36, 0.96). Strongest contributors to the joint association for the mixture were bisphenol S (BPS), ethyl paraben (EPB), bisphenol F (BPF) and mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), which each demonstrated inverse associations except for MECPP. There was suggestive evidence of an interaction between MECPP and EPB. CONCLUSION In this prospective ultrasound study, we observed evidence of an inverse association between the overall mixture of urinary biomarker concentrations of non-persistent EDCs with UL incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Schildroth
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Traci N Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ruth J Geller
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ganesa Wegienka
- Henry Ford Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Quaker E Harmon
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Donna D Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Epidemiology Branch, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Yang S, Yang S, Luo A. Phthalates and uterine disorders. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2024; 0:reveh-2023-0159. [PMID: 38452364 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2023-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Humans are ubiquitously exposed to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates. Phthalates can migrate out of products and enter the human body through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal application, can have potential estrogenic/antiestrogenic and/or androgenic/antiandrogenic activity, and are involved in many diseases. As a female reproductive organ that is regulated by hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and androgen, the uterus can develop several disorders such as leiomyoma, endometriosis and abnormal bleeding. In this review, we summarize the hormone-like activities of phthalates, in vitro studies of endometrial cells exposed to phthalates, epigenetic modifications in the uterus induced by phthalate exposure, and associations between phthalate exposure and uterine disorders such as leiomyoma and endometriosis. Moreover, we also discuss the current research gaps in understanding the relationship between phthalate exposure and uterine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10487 National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10487 National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Aiyue Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 10487 National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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3
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Xu T, Chen J, Xia D, Tang W, Cui J, Liu C, Li S. Prediction model on hydrolysis kinetics of phthalate monoester: A density functional theory study. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 135:51-58. [PMID: 37778823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
As primary degradation products of phthalate esters, phthalate monoesters (MPEs) have been widely detected in various aquatic environments and drawn growing toxicological concerns. Hydrolysis kinetics that is of importance for assessing environmental persistence of chemicals remain elusive for MPEs. Herein, kinetics of base-catalyzed and neutral hydrolysis for 18 MPEs with different leaving groups was investigated by density functional theory calculation. Results indicate that MPEs with leaving groups having pKa of <10 prefer dissociative transition states. MPEs are more persistent than their parents, and their hydrolysis half-lives were calculated to vary from 3.4 min to 79.2 years (pH = 7-9). A quantitative structure-activity relationship model was developed for predicting the hydrolysis kinetics parameters. It was found that pKa of the leaving groups and electronegativity of the MPEs are key factors determining the hydrolysis kinetics. This work may lay a theoretical foundation for better understanding the chemical process that governs MPE persistence in aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
| | - Deming Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weihao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Jiansheng Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Chun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
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4
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Zhang M, Liu C, Yuan XQ, Cui FP, Miao Y, Yao W, Qin DY, Deng YL, Chen PP, Zeng JY, Liu XY, Wu Y, Li CR, Lu WQ, Li YF, Zeng Q. Oxidatively generated DNA damage mediates the associations of exposure to phthalates with uterine fibroids and endometriosis: Findings from TREE cohort. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 205:69-76. [PMID: 37279842 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies on phthalate exposures in associations with uterine fibroids (UF) and endometriosis (EMT) are inconsistent. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To investigate the relationships of urinary phthalate metabolites with UF and EMT risks, and further to examine the mediating role of oxidative stress. METHODS This study included 83 and 47 women separately diagnosed with UF and EMT, as well as 226 controls from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort. Two spot urine samples from each woman were analyzed for two oxidative stress indicators and eight urinary phthalate metabolites. Unconditional logistic regression models or multivariate regression models were fitted to evaluate the associations among phthalate exposures, oxidative stress indicators, and the risks of UF and EMT. The potential mediating role of oxidative stress was estimated by the mediation analyses. RESULTS We observed that each ln-unit increase in urinary mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) concentrations was associated with increased UF risk [adjusted OR (aOR): 1.56, 95% CI: 1.20, 2.02], and that each ln-unit increase in urinary MBzP (aOR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.99), mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) (aOR: 1.83, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.82), and mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (aOR: 1.66, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.31) concentrations were associated with increased EMT risk (all FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). Moreover, we observed that all tested urinary phthalate metabolites were positively associated with two oxidative stress indicators [4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (4-HNE-MA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)], in which 8-OHdG was associated with increased risks of UF and EMT (all FDR-adjusted P < 0.05). The mediation analyses showed that 8-OHdG mediated the positive relationships of MBzP with UF risk, and of MiBP, MBzP, and MEHP with EMT risk, with the estimated intermediary proportion ranging from 32.7% to 48.1%. CONCLUSIONS Oxidatively generated DNA damage may mediate the positive associations of certain phthalate exposures with the risks of UF and EMT. However, further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Dan-Yu Qin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jia-Yue Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Cheng-Ru Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen-Qing Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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5
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Weng X, Zhu Q, Liao C, Jiang G. Cumulative Exposure to Phthalates and Their Alternatives and Associated Female Reproductive Health: Body Burdens, Adverse Outcomes, and Underlying Mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 37196176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The global birth rate has recently shown a decreasing trend, and exposure to environmental pollutants has been identified as a potential factor affecting female reproductive health. Phthalates have been widely used as plasticizers in plastic containers, children's toys, and medical devices, and their ubiquitous presence and endocrine-disrupting potential have already raised particular concerns. Phthalate exposure has been linked to various adverse health outcomes, including reproductive diseases. Given that many phthalates are gradually being banned, a growing number of phthalate alternatives are becoming popular, such as di(isononyl) cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH), di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), and di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), and they are beginning to have a wide range of environmental effects. Studies have shown that many phthalate alternatives may disrupt female reproductive function by altering the estrous cycle, causing ovarian follicular atresia, and prolonging the gestational cycle, which raises growing concerns about their potential health risks. Herein, we summarize the effects of phthalates and their common alternatives in different female models, the exposure levels that influence the reproductive system, and the effects on female reproductive impairment, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and offspring development. Additionally, we scrutinize the effects of phthalates and their alternatives on hormone signaling, oxidative stress, and intracellular signaling to explore the underlying mechanisms of action on female reproductive health, because these chemicals may affect reproductive tissues directly or indirectly through endocrine disruption. Given the declining global trends of female reproductive capacity and the potential ability of phthalates and their alternatives to negatively impact female reproductive health, a more comprehensive study is needed to understand their effects on the human body and their underlying mechanisms. These findings may have an important role in improving female reproductive health and in turn decreasing the number of complications during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyang Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- School of Environment, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
- Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Zhang M, Liu C, Yuan XQ, Yao W, Yao QY, Huang Y, Li NJ, Deng YL, Chen PP, Miao Y, Cui FP, Li YF, Zeng Q. Urinary phthalate metabolites and the risk of endometrial polyp: A pilot study from the TREE cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120711. [PMID: 36427821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, as endocrine disrupting chemicals that can alter the endogenous hormones, may be involved in the incidence of endometrial polyp, a benign hormone-dependent condition. We conducted a pilot case-control study from the Tongji Reproductive and Environmental (TREE) cohort to investigate the associations between phthalate exposures and the risk of endometrial polyp. A total of 40 endometrial polyp patients were matched to 80 controls by age and body mass index in the ratio of 1:2. Two spot urine samples from each subject were quantified for eight phthalate metabolites to enhance exposure assessment. The conditional logistic regression and quantile-based g-computation models were separately used to explore the associations between individual and mixture of urinary phthalate metabolites and the risk of endometrial polyp. After adjusting for covariates, individual chemical analyses showed that urinary monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) and the sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) were associated with increased risks of endometrial polyp, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.62 (95% CI: 0.88, 7.84) for MECPP to 6.96 (95% CI: 1.87, 25.87) for ΣDEHP comparing the extreme exposure categories (all P for trends <0.05 or = 0.057). These associations still persisted when these exposures were modeled as continuous variables. Chemical mixture analyses showed that a simultaneous one-quartile increase in concentrations of eight phthalate metabolites was associated with an elevated odds ratio of 3.14 (95% CI: 1.49, 6.60) in endometrial polyp. Our data suggests that exposure to individual benzylbutyl phthalate (BBzP) and DEHP, as well as mixture of phthalates is associated with increased risk of endometrial polyp. This may inform public health recommendations and policies to avoid phthalate exposures for improving female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qiong Yuan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Wen Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qing-Yun Yao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Ni-Jie Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan-Ling Deng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Pan-Pan Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Fei-Peng Cui
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, And State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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7
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Marlatt VL, Bayen S, Castaneda-Cortès D, Delbès G, Grigorova P, Langlois VS, Martyniuk CJ, Metcalfe CD, Parent L, Rwigemera A, Thomson P, Van Der Kraak G. Impacts of endocrine disrupting chemicals on reproduction in wildlife and humans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 208:112584. [PMID: 34951986 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The main objective of this review was to summarize the current knowledge of the impacts of EDCs on reproductive success in wildlife and humans. The examples selected often include a retrospective assessment of the knowledge of reproductive impacts over time to discern how the effects of EDCs have changed over the last several decades. Collectively, the evidence summarized here within reinforce the concept that reproduction in wildlife and humans is negatively impacted by anthropogenic chemicals, with several altering endocrine system function. These observations of chemicals interfering with different aspects of the reproductive endocrine axis are particularly pronounced for aquatic species and are often corroborated by laboratory-based experiments (i.e. fish, amphibians, birds). Noteworthy, many of these same indicators are also observed in epidemiological studies in mammalian wildlife and humans. Given the vast array of reproductive strategies used by animals, it is perhaps not surprising that no single disrupted target is predictive of reproductive effects. Nevertheless, there are some general features of the endocrine control of reproduction, and in particular, the critical role that steroid hormones play in these processes that confer a high degree of susceptibility to environmental chemicals. New research is needed on the implications of chemical exposures during development and the potential for long-term reproductive effects. Future emphasis on field-based observations that can form the basis of more deliberate, extensive, and long-term population level studies to monitor contaminant effects, including adverse effects on the endocrine system, are key to addressing these knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Marlatt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - S Bayen
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Castaneda-Cortès
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - G Delbès
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - P Grigorova
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - V S Langlois
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - C J Martyniuk
- Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - C D Metcalfe
- School of Environment, Trent University, Trent, Canada
| | - L Parent
- Département Science et Technologie, Université TELUQ, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Rwigemera
- Centre Armand Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - P Thomson
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Laval, QC, Canada
| | - G Van Der Kraak
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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8
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Environmental Contamination and Chronic Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Phthalates: An Overlooked and Emerging Determinant for Hormone-Sensitive Cancers. J Indian Inst Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-022-00319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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9
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Basso CG, de Araujo-Ramos AT, Martino-Andrade AJ. Exposure to phthalates and female reproductive health: a literature review. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 109:61-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Liu B, Jiang T, Li Z, Ge W, Wu J, Song N, Chai C. Phthalate esters in surface sediments from fishing ports in Circum-Bohai-Sea region, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112782. [PMID: 34358790 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The concentration, composition, distribution, and possible sources of phthalate esters (PAEs) in surface sediments from fishing ports in the Circum-Bohai-Sea region were investigated. The potential ecological risks of PAEs on three sensitive aquatic organisms (algae, crustacean, and fish) were assessed based on the risk quotient. The concentrations of 16 PAEs were in the range of 8.53-86.13 μg/g. Six PAEs, which were considered as priority pollutants by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, were main congeners. Fishing ports with high PAE concentration were located near the eastern area of the Shandong Peninsula, the southern area of the Liaodong Peninsula, and the estuary of the Yellow River. Wastewater, atmospheric deposition, plastic, and rubber products were possible sources of PAEs. The PAEs showed medium to high ecological risks on the three aquatic organisms, and the ecological risks were attributed to four PAEs, including dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, and benzylbutyl phthalate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binxu Liu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhiying Li
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Mycology, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Ningning Song
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chao Chai
- Qingdao Engineering Research Center for Rural Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
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11
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Fruh V, Claus Henn B, Weuve J, Wesselink AK, Orta OR, Heeren T, Hauser R, Calafat AM, Williams PL, Baird DD, Wise LA. Incidence of uterine leiomyoma in relation to urinary concentrations of phthalate and phthalate alternative biomarkers: A prospective ultrasound study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 147:106218. [PMID: 33360166 PMCID: PMC8630749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.106218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies suggest that some phthalates have adverse reproductive effects. However, literature on the association between phthalates and incidence of uterine leiomyomata (UL) is limited and inconsistent, with no existing prospective studies. OBJECTIVES We examined the association of urinary concentrations of phthalate and phthalate alternative biomarkers with UL incidence. METHODS We conducted a case-cohort analysis within a subgroup of 754 participants in the Study of the Environment, Lifestyle, and Fibroids (SELF), a prospective cohort of premenopausal Black women aged 23-35 years who were recruited during 2010-2012. We quantified fourteen phthalates and two phthalate alternative [1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, diisononyl ester (DINCH)] biomarkers in urine collected at baseline, 20 months, and 40 months. Transvaginal ultrasounds identified UL at baseline and every 20 months during 60 months of follow-up. We evaluated the individual biomarkers, molar sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [ΣDEHP] and potency-weighted sum of anti-androgenic [WΣAA] biomarkers. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between biomarkers and UL incidence. We then used quantile g-computation to examine joint associations of multiple phthalate biomarkers with UL incidence. RESULTS Most individual biomarkers showed weak-to-moderate inverse associations with UL incidence. HRs comparing highest vs. lowest quartiles of mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP) and mono-hydroxyisobutyl phthalate (MHiBP) concentrations were 0.63 (95% CI: 0.40, 1.01) and 0.61 (95% CI: 0.38, 0.96), respectively. Inverse associations for specific phthalates were stronger among women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. HRs comparing detectable vs. nondetectable concentrations of DINCH biomarkers were 0.92 (95% CI: 0.62, 1.35) for cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid mono hydroxyisononyl ester (MHNCH) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.38, 1.18) for cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid mono carboxyisoocytl ester (MCOCH). For the DEHP metabolite of mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), we observed weak-to-moderate positive associations. HRs comparing highest vs. lowest quartiles for MEHP and ΣDEHP were 1.29 (95% CI: 0.82, 2.06) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.61, 1.50), respectively. In the mixtures analysis, the HR for a joint quartile increase in phthalate biomarker concentrations was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.73, 1.08). DISCUSSION In this prospective ultrasound study of reproductive-aged Black women, urinary concentrations of phthalate and DINCH biomarkers were not appreciably associated with higher risk of UL, either individually or jointly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jennifer Weuve
- Department of Epidemiology, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Olivia R Orta
- Department of Epidemiology, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy Heeren
- Department of Biostatistics, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Paige L Williams
- Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 677 Huntington Avenue, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Donna D Baird
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, 715 Albany Street, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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12
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Laws MJ, Neff AM, Brehm E, Warner GR, Flaws JA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women, men, and animal models. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:151-190. [PMID: 34452686 PMCID: PMC9743013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This chapter covers the known effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on reproductive disorders. The EDCs represented are highly studied, including plasticizers (bisphenols and phthalates), chemicals in personal care products (parabens), persistent environmental contaminants (polychlorinated biphenyls), and chemicals in pesticides or herbicides. Both female and male reproductive disorders are reviewed in the chapter. Female disorders include infertility/subfertility, irregular reproductive cycles, early menopause, premature ovarian insufficiency, polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids. Male disorders include infertility/subfertility, cryptorchidism, and hypospadias. Findings from both human and animal studies are represented.
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13
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Lee G, Kim S, Bastiaensen M, Malarvannan G, Poma G, Caballero Casero N, Gys C, Covaci A, Lee S, Lim JE, Mok S, Moon HB, Choi G, Choi K. Exposure to organophosphate esters, phthalates, and alternative plasticizers in association with uterine fibroids. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109874. [PMID: 32678732 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals is suggested to be responsible for the development or progression of uterine fibroids. However, little is known about risks related to emerging chemicals, such as organophosphate esters (OPEs) and alternative plasticizers (APs). A case-control study was conducted to investigate whether exposures to OPEs, APs, and phthalates, were associated with uterine fibroids in women of reproductive age. For this purpose, the cases (n = 32) and the matching controls (n = 79) were chosen based on the results of gynecologic ultrasonography among premenopausal adult women in Korea and measured for metabolites of several OPEs, APs, and major phthalates. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations between chemical exposure and disease status. Factor analysis was conducted for multiple chemical exposure assessments as a secondary analysis. Among OPE metabolites, diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), 2-ethylhexyl phenyl phosphate (EHPHP), and 1-hydroxy-2-propyl bis(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPHIPP) were detected in >80% of the subjects. Among APs, metabolites of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPrHpP) were detected in >75% of the urine samples. The odds ratios (ORs) of uterine fibroids were significantly higher among the women with higher exposures to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP), DPrHpP, and di-(iso-nonyl)-cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH). In addition, urinary concentrations of mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), a sum of five di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑5DEHP), and mono(4-methyl-7-hydroxyoctyl) phthalate (OH-MINP) were significantly higher in the cases. In factor analysis, a factor heavily loaded with DPrHpP and DEHP was significantly associated with uterine fibroids, supporting the observation from the single chemical regression model. We found for the first time that several metabolites of OPEs and APs are associated with increased risks of uterine fibroids among pre-menopausal women. Further epidemiological and mechanistic studies are warranted to validate the associations observed in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowoon Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunmi Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michiel Bastiaensen
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Govindan Malarvannan
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Celine Gys
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Center, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sunggyu Lee
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Eun Lim
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sori Mok
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Lee J, Jeong Y, Mok S, Choi K, Park J, Moon HB, Choi G, Kim HJ, Kim SY, Choi SR, Kim S. Associations of exposure to phthalates and environmental phenols with gynecological disorders. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 95:19-28. [PMID: 32360183 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.04.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates and environmental phenols might be associated with some benign diseases that have been found to be hormone-sensitive. Current knowledge on adverse effects of these chemicals among reproductive women is limited and often controversial. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between the urinary concentration of phthalates and environmental phenols and gynecological disorders from 512 women of reproductive age. The association between chemical concentration and disease in the control and case groups was statistically determined with the questionnaire survey data and measurements using the LC-MS/MS. The results have shown that DEHP metabolites, ethyl paraben and 3,4-DHB showed significant direct associations with leiomyoma and benign ovarian tumors (p < 0.05). We found statistically significant positive relationships between exposure to chemicals (some DEHP metabolites, DHB) and prevalence of gynecologic disorders (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the ORs for leiomyoma associated with these compounds in always user for personal care products (PCPs) was higher than those of sometimes user. High levels of urinary concentrations of these compounds such as DEHP metabolites and parabens and their metabolites showed significant associations with leiomyoma and benign ovarian tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangwoo Lee
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunsun Jeong
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sori Mok
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongim Park
- College of Natural Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Bang Moon
- Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuyeon Choi
- College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hai-Joong Kim
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- College of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Ran Choi
- College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyoon Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Zota AR, Geller RJ, Calafat AM, Marfori CQ, Baccarelli AA, Moawad GN. Phthalates exposure and uterine fibroid burden among women undergoing surgical treatment for fibroids: a preliminary study. Fertil Steril 2018; 111:112-121. [PMID: 30447935 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between phthalate exposure and two measures of uterine fibroid burden: diameter of largest fibroid and uterine volume. DESIGN Pilot, cross-sectional study. SETTING Academic medical center. PATIENT(S) Fifty-seven premenopausal women undergoing either hysterectomy or myomectomy for fibroids. INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The diameter of the largest fibroid and uterine dimensions were abstracted from medical records. Spot urine samples were analyzed for 14 phthalate biomarkers using mass spectrometry. We estimated associations between fibroid outcomes and individual phthalate metabolites, sum of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (∑DEHP), and a weighted sum of anti-androgenic phthalate metabolites (∑AA Phthalates) using linear regression, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and body mass index. Fibroid outcomes were also examined dichotomously (divided at the median) using logistic regression. RESULTS Most women were of black ethnicity, overweight or obese, and college educated. In multivariable models, higher levels of mono-hydroxyisobutyl phthalate, monocarboxyoctyl phthalate, monocarboxynonyl phthalate, mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl phthalate) (MEHHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP), ∑DEHP, and ∑AA Phthalates were positively associated with uterine volume. Associations were most pronounced for individual DEHP metabolites (MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP), ∑DEHP, and ∑AA Phthalates. For example, a doubling in ∑DEHP and ∑AA Phthalates was associated with 33.2% (95% confidence interval 6.6-66.5) and 26.8% (95% confidence interval 2.2-57.4) increase in uterine volume, respectively. There were few associations between phthalate biomarkers and fibroid size. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to some phthalate biomarkers was positively associated with uterine volume, which further supports the hypothesis that phthalate exposures may be associated with fibroid outcomes. Additional studies are needed to confirm these relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ami R Zota
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC.
| | - Ruth J Geller
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Cherie Q Marfori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York
| | - Gaby N Moawad
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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16
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Fu Z, Zhao F, Chen K, Xu J, Li P, Xia D, Wu Y. Association between urinary phthalate metabolites and risk of breast cancer and uterine leiomyoma. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:134-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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