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Garcia A, Cohen RA, Langer KG, O'Neal AG, Porges EC, Woods AJ, Williamson JB. Semantic processing in older adults is associated with distributed neural activation which varies by association and abstractness of words. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01216-x. [PMID: 38822124 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01216-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The extent to which the neural systems underlying semantic processes degrade with advanced age remains unresolved, which motivated the current study of neural activation on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during semantic judgments of associated vs. unassociated, semantic vs. rhyme, and abstract vs. rhyme word pairs. Thirty-eight older adults, 55-85 years of age, performed semantic association decision tasks in a mixed event-related block fMRI paradigm involving binary judgments as to whether word pairs were related (i.e., semantically associated). As hypothesized, significantly greater activation was evident during processing of associated (vs. unassociated) word pairs in cortical areas implicated in semantic processing, including the angular gyrus, temporal cortex, and inferior frontal cortex. Cortical areas showed greater activation to unassociated (vs. associated) word pairs, primarily within a large occipital cluster. Greater activation was evident in cortical areas when response to semantic vs. phonemic word pairs. Contrasting activation during abstract vs. concrete semantic processing revealed areas of co-activation to both semantic classes, and areas that had greater response to either abstract or concrete word pairs. Neural activation across conditions did not vary as a function of greater age, indicating only minimal age-associated perturbation in neural activation during semantic processing. Therefore, the response of the semantic hubs, semantic control, and secondary association areas appear to be largely preserved with advanced age among older adults exhibiting successful cognitive aging. These findings may provide a useful clinical contrast if compared to activation among adults experiencing cognitive decline due Alzheimer's, frontal-temporal dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Garcia
- Behavioral Sciences Department, James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Kailey G Langer
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandria G O'Neal
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John B Williamson
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation and Research Center, Malcom Randall VAMC, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for OCD and Anxiety Related Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Durfee AZ, Harnish SM. Using word-picture verification to inform language impairment locus in chronic post-stroke aphasia. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2022; 3:1012588. [DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2022.1012588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Word-picture verification, a task that requires a yes/no response to whether a word and a picture match, has been used for both receptive and expressive language; however, there is limited systematic investigation on the linguistic subprocesses targeted by the task. Verification may help to identify linguistic strengths and weaknesses to ultimately provide more targeted, individualized lexical retrieval intervention. The current study assessed the association of semantic and phonological skills with verification performance to demonstrate early efficacy of the paradigm as an aphasia assessment. Sixteen adults with chronic post-stroke aphasia completed a battery of language assessments in addition to reading and auditory verification tasks. Verification scores were positively correlated with auditory and reading comprehension. Accuracy of semantic and phonological verification were positively correlated with accuracy on respective receptive language tasks. More semantic errors were made during verification than naming. The relationship of phonological errors between naming and verification varied by modality (reading or listening). Semantic and phonological performance significantly predicted verification response accuracy and latency. In sum, we propose that verification tasks are particularly useful because they inform semantics pre-lemma selection and phonological decoding, helping to localize individual linguistic strengths and weaknesses, especially in the presence of significant motor speech impairment that can obscure expressive language abilities.
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Garcia A, Cohen RA, Porges EC, Williamson JB, Woods AJ. Functional connectivity of brain networks during semantic processing in older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:814882. [PMID: 36337702 PMCID: PMC9627037 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.814882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The neural systems underlying semantic processing have been characterized with functional neuroimaging in young adults. Whether the integrity of these systems degrade with advanced age remains unresolved. The current study examined functional connectivity during abstract and concrete word processing. Thirty-eight adults, aged 55–91, engaged in semantic association decision tasks during a mixed event-related block functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm. During the semantic trials, the task required participants to make a judgment as to whether pairs were semantically associated. During the rhyme trials, the task required participants to determine if non-word pairs rhymed. Seeds were placed in putative semantic hubs of the left anterior middle temporal gyrus (aMTG) and the angular gyrus (AG), and also in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), an area considered important for semantic control. Greater connectivity between aMTG, AG, and IFG and multiple cortical areas occurred during semantic processing. Connectivity from the three seeds differed during semantic processing: the left AG and aMTG were strongly connected with frontal, parietal, and occipital areas bilaterally, whereas the IFG was most strongly connected with other frontal cortical areas and the AG in the ipsilateral left hemisphere. Notably, the strength and extent of connectivity differed for abstract and concrete semantic processing; connectivity from the left aMTG and AG to bilateral cortical areas was greater during abstract processing, whereas IFG connectivity with left cortical areas was greater during concrete processing. With advanced age, greater connectivity occurred only between the left AG and supramarginal gyrus during the processing of concrete word-pairs, but not abstract word-pairs. Among older adults, robust functional connectivity of the aMTG, AG, and IFG to widely distributed bilateral cortical areas occurs during abstract and concrete semantic processing in a manner consistent with reports from past studies of young adults. There was not a significant degradation of functional connectivity during semantic processing between the ages of 55 and 85 years. As the study focused on semantic functioning in older adults, a comparison group of young adults was not included, limiting generalizability. Future longitudinal neuroimaging studies that compare functional connectivity of young and older adults under different semantic demands will be valuable.
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Mazoué A, Gaultier A, Rocher L, Deruet AL, Vercelletto M, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C. Does a rabbit have feathers or fur? Development of a 42-item semantic memory test (SMT-42). J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 44:514-531. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2022.2133088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Mazoué
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche (CMRR), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Gaultier
- Direction de la recherche, Plateforme de Méthodologie et Biostatistique, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Laëtitia Rocher
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche (CMRR), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne-Laure Deruet
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche (CMRR), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Martine Vercelletto
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche (CMRR), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Inserm CIC 04, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- Département de Neurologie, Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche (CMRR), CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Inserm CIC 04, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Nickels L, Lampe LF, Mason C, Hameau S. Investigating the influence of semantic factors on word retrieval: Reservations, results and recommendations. Cogn Neuropsychol 2022; 39:113-154. [PMID: 35972430 DOI: 10.1080/02643294.2022.2109958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
There is consensus that word retrieval starts with activation of semantic representations. However, in adults without language impairment, relatively little attention has been paid to the effects of the semantic attributes of to-be-retrieved words. This paper, therefore, addresses the question of which item-inherent semantic factors influence word retrieval. Specifically, it reviews the literature on a selection of these factors: imageability, concreteness, number of semantic features, typicality, intercorrelational density, featural distinctiveness, concept distinctiveness, animacy, semantic neighbourhood density, semantic similarity, operativity, valence, and arousal. It highlights several methodological challenges in this field, and has a focus on the insights from studies with people with aphasia where the effects of these variables are more prevalent. The paper concludes that further research simultaneously examining the effects of different semantic factors that are likely to affect lexical co-activation, and the interaction of these variables, would be fruitful, as would suitably scaled computational modelling of these effects in unimpaired language processing and in language impairment. Such research would enable the refinement of theories of semantic processing and word production, and potentially have implications for diagnosis and treatment of semantic and lexical impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndsey Nickels
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Macquarie Centre for Reading, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leonie F Lampe
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Linguistics, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Catherine Mason
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Macquarie Centre for Reading, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Solène Hameau
- School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.,Macquarie Centre for Reading, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Lorenz A, Pino D, Jescheniak JD, Obrig H. On the lexical representation of compound nouns: Evidence from a picture-naming task with compound targets and gender-marked determiner primes in aphasia. Cortex 2021; 146:116-140. [PMID: 34856428 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Our study examines the lexical representation and processing of compounds in participants with aphasia (PWA) and language-unimpaired control speakers. Participants were engaged in primed picture-naming in German, a language that marks for grammatical gender. Gender-marked determiners served as primes (dermasc, diefem, dasneut [the]) and noun-noun compounds as targets (e.g., Goldneutfischmasc [goldfish]). Experiment 1 tested whether the compound's constituents are activated at a lexical-syntactic level during production. Primes were gender-congruent either with the morphological head of the target compound (e.g., dermasc for the target Goldneutfischmasc), or its modifier (dasneut for Goldneutfischmasc), or incongruent with both (diefem). Head congruency of prime and target produced strong facilitatory effects across groups. Modifier congruent primes produced contrasting effects. Modifier congruency speeded up picture naming in the controls and PWA with isolated deficits of lexical access (PWA-lex) but they delayed picture naming in PWA with additional deficits of phonological encoding (PWA-pho). Both patterns suggest that the lemmas of both constituents of compound targets and their grammatical gender are activated during compound retrieval, in line with a multiple-lemma representation of compounds. Experiment 2 explored the nature of the observed effects compared to a gender-neutral control condition. While facilitatory effects were shown by PWA-lex and the controls, PWA-pho did not profit from congruent primes but showed inhibitory effects by incongruent primes, exclusively. Inhibitory effects were also attested for the controls but not for PWA-lex. The functional origin of determiner priming effects and their theoretical and clinical implications are discussed in the framework of current accounts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Danièle Pino
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg D Jescheniak
- Institute of Psychology - Wilhelm Wundt, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hellmuth Obrig
- Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital / Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Department Neurology, Leipzig, Germany
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Meier EL, Sheppard SM, Goldberg EB, Kelly CR, Walker A, Ubellacker DM, Vitti E, Ruch K, Hillis AE. Dysfunctional Tissue Correlates of Unrelated Naming Errors in Acute Left Hemisphere Stroke. LANGUAGE, COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE 2021; 37:330-347. [PMID: 35665076 PMCID: PMC9159539 DOI: 10.1080/23273798.2021.1980593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most naming error lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) studies have focused on semantic and/or phonological errors. Anomic individuals also produce unrelated word errors, which may be linked to semantic or modality-independent lexical deficits. To investigate the neural underpinnings of rarely-studied unrelated errors, we conducted LSM analyses in 100 individuals hospitalized with a left hemisphere stroke who completed imaging protocols and language assessments. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression to capture relationships between naming errors and dysfunctional brain tissue metrics (regional damage or hypoperfusion in vascular territories) in two groups: participants with and without impaired single-word auditory comprehension. Hypoperfusion-particularly within the parietal lobe-was an important error predictor, especially for the unimpaired group. In both groups, higher unrelated error proportions were associated with primarily ventral stream damage, the language route critical for processing meaning. Nonetheless, brain metrics implicated in unrelated errors were distinct from semantic error correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Meier
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Shannon M. Sheppard
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Chapman University, Irvine, CA
| | - Emily B. Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Catherine R. Kelly
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alexandra Walker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Emilia Vitti
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kristina Ruch
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Argye E. Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
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Meier EL, Sheppard SM, Goldberg EB, Head CR, Ubellacker DM, Walker A, Hillis AE. Naming errors and dysfunctional tissue metrics predict language recovery after acute left hemisphere stroke. Neuropsychologia 2020; 148:107651. [PMID: 33045231 PMCID: PMC7546715 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Language recovery following acute left hemisphere (LH) stroke is notoriously difficult to predict. Global language measures (e.g., overall aphasia severity) and gross lesion metrics (e.g., size) provide incomplete recovery predictions. In this study, we test the hypothesis that the types of naming errors patients produce, combined with dysfunctional brain tissue metrics, can provide additional insight into recovery following acute LH stroke. One hundred forty-eight individuals who were hospitalized with a new LH stroke completed clinical neuroimaging and assessments of naming and global language skills. A subset of participants again completed language testing at subacute, early (5-7 months post-stroke), and late (≥11 months post-stroke) chronic phases. At each time point, we coded naming errors into four types (semantic, phonological, mixed and unrelated) and determined error type totals and proportions. Dysfunctional tissue measures included the percentage of damage to language network regions and hypoperfusion in vascular territories. A higher proportion of semantic errors was associated with better acute naming, but higher proportions of other error types was related to poorer accuracy. Naming and global language skills significantly improved over time , but naming error profiles did not change. Fewer acute unrelated errors and less damage to left angular gyrus resulted in optimal naming and language recovery by the final testing time point, yet patients with more acute errors and damage to left middle temporal gyrus demonstrated the greatest increases in language over time. These results illustrate that naming error profiles, particularly unrelated errors, add power to predictions of language recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Meier
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shannon M Sheppard
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Chapman University, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Emily B Goldberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Catherine R Head
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Delaney M Ubellacker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra Walker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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The neuropsychological profile of parietal and occipital lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 94:137-143. [PMID: 30909077 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite the extensive body of research in clinical neurology on the functional organization of posterior cortices, parietal and occipital lobe epilepsy (PLE and OLE) have not as yet received the attention afforded frontal and temporal lobe epilepsy (FLE and TLE), perhaps due to their low prevalence. Posterior epilepsies however, represent a challenge for epileptology in general and neuropsychological differential diagnosis in particular. Our main purpose was to examine the likely existence of a pattern of cognitive dysfunction characterizing patients suffering from seizures with a parietal and/or occipital ictal onset. We hypothesized that such patients would present difficulties in the visuospatial and visuoconstructive domains, since spatial analysis and synthesis is an inherent feature of posterior cortical systems. Participants were 14 patients with epilepsy and 14 healthy controls matched for demographic characteristics (gender, age, and education level). We used an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests to assess auditory-verbal memory and learning, episodic memory, attention and working memory, verbal abilities, haptic perception, arithmetic abilities, and executive functions. Special attention was given to visuospatial abilities. Depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. Nonparametric (Mann-Whitney U test) statistical tests were conducted. We found that patients with epilepsy performed significantly worse in visuoconstruction, verbal, and executive functions compared to their healthy matches. Finally, we interpret our findings from the perspective of Luria of mental functions organized into functional systems and the current trends in epileptology to view epilepsy as a system (network) problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C. Malt
- Department of Psychology, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA
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Macoir J, Beaudoin C, Bluteau J, Potvin O, Wilson MA. TDQ-60 – a color picture-naming test for adults and elderly people: validation and normalization data. AGING NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2017; 25:753-766. [DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2017.1372355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joël Macoir
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO - Brain research center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Catherine Beaudoin
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Josée Bluteau
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier Potvin
- Centre de recherche CERVO - Brain research center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Maximiliano A Wilson
- Département de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche CERVO - Brain research center, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec, Québec, Canada
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Macoir J, Gauthier C, Jean C, Potvin O. BECLA, a new assessment battery for acquired deficits of language: Normative data from Quebec-French healthy younger and older adults. J Neurol Sci 2016; 361:220-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lavoie M, Routhier S, Légaré A, Macoir J. Treatment of verb anomia in aphasia: efficacy of self-administered therapy using a smart tablet. Neurocase 2016; 22:109-18. [PMID: 26007615 DOI: 10.1080/13554794.2015.1051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Aphasia is a chronic condition that usually requires long-term rehabilitation. However, even if many effective treatments can be offered to patients and families, speech therapy services for individuals with aphasia often remain limited because of logistical and financial considerations, especially more than 6 months after stroke. Therefore, the need to develop tools to maximize rehabilitation potential is unquestionable. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a self-administered treatment delivered with a smart tablet to improve written verb naming skills in CP, a 63-year-old woman with chronic aphasia. An ABA multiple baseline design was used to compare CP's performance in verb naming on three equivalent lists of stimuli trained with a hierarchy of cues, trained with no cues, and not trained. Results suggest that graphemic cueing therapy, done four times a week for 3 weeks, led to better written verb naming compared to baseline and to the untrained list. Moreover, generalization of the effects of treatment was observed in verb production, assessed with a noun-to-verb production task. Results of this study suggest that self-administered training with a smart tablet is effective in improving naming skills in chronic aphasia. Future studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of new technologies in self-administered treatment of acquired language deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Lavoie
- a Département de réadaptation , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada.,b Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Sonia Routhier
- a Département de réadaptation , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada.,b Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Annie Légaré
- a Département de réadaptation , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada.,c Clinique universitaire d'enseignement en orthophonie , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada
| | - Joël Macoir
- a Département de réadaptation , Université Laval , Québec , QC , Canada.,b Centre de recherche, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec , Québec , QC , Canada
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Kortte KB, McWhorter JW, Pawlak MA, Slentz J, Sur S, Hillis AE. Anosognosia for hemiplegia: The contributory role of right inferior frontal gyrus. Neuropsychology 2014; 29:421-32. [PMID: 25133319 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Awareness of motor functioning is most likely a complex process that requires integration of sensory-motor feedback to constantly update the system on the functioning of the limb during motor behavior. Using lesion mapping procedures and behavioral measures, the current study aimed to evaluate neural correlates of anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP) in the acute stage (first 48 hr) of right hemisphere stroke. METHOD Thirty-five individuals with right hemisphere stroke who presented to an urban medical center within 24 hr of symptom onset were included in the study. All 35 individuals had hemiplegia, and 8 of these individuals exhibited AHP. RESULTS Fisher's exact test statistical map of lesion-deficit association (range is between-log(p) 4 to 11) found maximal value of 10.9 located in pars orbitalis (Brodmann's Area 47; BA). In this selected location, 6 out of 8 patients with AHP had tissue abnormality, whereas none of the unaffected subjects had tissue abnormality in BA 47. Right BA 44/45 was also found to be lesioned more frequently in individuals with AHP (75%) than without AHP (11%). CONCLUSIONS The current study findings provide preliminary support for unique involvement of the right inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), pars orbitalis (BA 47) in AHP. The current data suggest that frontal operculum may play a key role in awareness of limb functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen B Kortte
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | | - Mikolaj A Pawlak
- Department of Neurology and Cerebrovascular Disorders, Poznan University of Medical Sciences
| | - Jamie Slentz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Sandeepa Sur
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Argye E Hillis
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Hashimoto N. The use of semantic- and phonological-based feature approaches to treat naming deficits in aphasia. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2012; 26:518-553. [PMID: 22540360 DOI: 10.3109/02699206.2012.663051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare approaches highlighting either semantic or phonological features to treat naming deficits in aphasia. Treatment focused on improving picture naming. An alternating treatments design was used with a multiple baseline design across stimuli to examine effects of both approaches in two participants with varying degrees of anomia. The features approaches were modified in that three, rather than six, features were used. Significant differential effects were found across participants; this appeared to be a function of each participant's strengths or preferences over the course of treatment. Modest generalization effects were obtained for one participant. Naming error analyses revealed patterns suggestive of increased lexical access for both participants. These findings provide evidence that using a modified features-based protocol can improve naming when incorporating both semantic and phonological feature cues. Naming error patterns can provide additional evidence of improved naming during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Hashimoto
- Department of Communicative Disorders, University of Wisconsin - River Falls, River Falls, WI 54022-5001, USA.
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Bragard A, Schelstraete MA, Snyers P, James DGH. Word-finding intervention for children with specific language impairment: a multiple single-case study. Lang Speech Hear Serv Sch 2012; 43:222-34. [PMID: 22318212 DOI: 10.1044/0161-1461(2011/10-0090)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined the effectiveness of a combined phonological and semantic intervention for children with specific language impairment who had word-finding difficulties (WFDs). METHOD To evaluate the intervention, a multiple single-case design was implemented with 4 children, ages 9;6 (years;months) to 13;9, who had WFDs. Some items were trained using a phonological intervention; others were trained using a semantic one. Lexical access outcomes were measured using a picture-naming test at pre- and posttesting. RESULTS Three children exhibited a significant reduction in WFDs on the intervention words after 6 sessions. These effects were present at posttest and 6 months later for the treated words only and not the control words. Each child responded differently to the intervention, and these response patterns seemed to be related to each child's linguistic profile. CONCLUSION This intervention seemed to achieve long-lasting reductions in children's WFDs. The differential responses to phonological and semantic intervention imply the need to tailor intervention for differing children by matching it to their linguistic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bragard
- Psychological Sciences Research Institute, University of Louvain, Belgium.
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Budd MA, Kortte K, Cloutman L, Newhart M, Gottesman RF, Davis C, Heidler-Gary J, Seay MW, Hillis AE. The nature of naming errors in primary progressive aphasia versus acute post-stroke aphasia. Neuropsychology 2010; 24:581-9. [PMID: 20804246 PMCID: PMC3085899 DOI: 10.1037/a0020287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the distribution of error types across subgroups of primary progressive aphasia and poststroke aphasia in different vascular locations. METHOD We analyzed naming errors in 49 individuals with acute left hemisphere ischemic stroke and 55 individuals with three variants of primary progressive aphasia. Location of atrophy or ischemic stroke was characterized using MRI. RESULTS We found that distribution of error types was very similar across all subgroups, irrespective of the site or etiology of the lesion. The only significant difference across groups was the percentage of circumlocutions (F(7, 96) = 3.02, p = .005). Circumlocution errors were highest among logopenic variant PPA (24%) and semantic variant PPA (24%). Semantic coordinate errors were common in all groups, probably because they can arise from disruption of different cognitive processes underlying naming and, therefore, from different locations of brain damage. CONCLUSIONS Semantic errors are common among all types of primary progressive aphasia and poststroke aphasia, and the type of error depends in part on the location of damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggi A Budd
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Hashimoto N, Thompson CK. The use of the picture-word interference paradigm to examine naming abilities in aphasic individuals. APHASIOLOGY 2010; 24:580-611. [PMID: 26166927 PMCID: PMC4497527 DOI: 10.1080/02687030902777567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although naming deficits are well documented in aphasia, on-line measures of naming processes have been little investigated. The use of on-line measures may offer further insight into the nature of aphasic naming deficits that would otherwise be difficult to interpret when using off-line measures. AIMS The temporal activation of semantic and phonological processes was tracked in older normal control and aphasic individuals using a picture-word interference paradigm. The purpose of the study was to examine how word interference results can augment and/or corroborate standard language testing in the aphasic group, as well as to examine temporal patterns of activation in the aphasic group when compared to a normal control group. METHODS & PROCEDURES A total of 20 older normal individuals and 11 aphasic individuals participated. Detailed measures of each aphasic individual's language and naming skills were obtained. A visual picture-word interference paradigm was used in which the words bore either a semantic, phonological, or no relationship to 25 pictures. These competitor words were presented at stimulus onset asynchronies of -300 ms, +300 ms, and 0 ms. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Analyses of naming RTs in both groups revealed significant early semantic interference effects, mid-semantic interference effects, and mid-phonological facilitation effects. A matched control-aphasic group comparison revealed no differences in the temporal activation of effects during the course of naming. Partial support for this RT pattern was found in the aphasic naming error pattern. The aphasic group also demonstrated greater SIEs and PFEs compared to the matched control group, which indicated disruptions of the phonological processing stage. Analyses of behavioural performances of the aphasic group corroborated this finding. CONCLUSIONS The aphasic naming RTs results were unexpected given the results from the priming literature, which has supported the idea of slowed or reduced patterns of activation in aphasic individuals. However, analyses of naming RTs also confirmed the behavioural finding of a disruption surrounding phonological processes; thus, the analyses of naming latencies offers another potential means of pinpointing breakdowns of lexical access in individuals with aphasia.
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Where (in the brain) do semantic errors come from? Cortex 2008; 45:641-9. [PMID: 19084219 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2007] [Revised: 02/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Semantic errors result from the disruption of access either to semantics or to lexical representations. One way to determine the origins of these errors is to evaluate comprehension of words that elicit semantic errors in naming. We hypothesized that in acute stroke there are different brain regions where dysfunction results in semantic errors in both naming and comprehension versus those with semantic errors in oral naming alone. METHODS A consecutive series of 196 patients with acute left hemispheric stroke who met inclusion criteria were evaluated with oral naming and spoken word/picture verification tasks and magnetic resonance imaging within 48 h of stroke onset. We evaluated the relationship between tissue dysfunction in 10 pre-specified Brodmann's areas (BA) and the production of coordinate semantic errors resulting from (1) semantic deficits or (2) lexical access deficits. RESULTS Semantic errors arising from semantic deficits were most associated with tissue dysfunction/infarct of left BA 22. Semantic errors resulting from lexical access deficits were associated with hypoperfusion/infarct of left BA 37. CONCLUSION Our study shows that semantic errors arising from damage to distinct cognitive processes reflect dysfunction of different brain regions.
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Bragard A, Schelstraete MA. Word-finding difficulties in French-speaking children with SLI: a case STUDY. CLINICAL LINGUISTICS & PHONETICS 2007; 21:927-934. [PMID: 17972189 DOI: 10.1080/02699200701615211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the case of a 9-year-old boy, Jeoffrey, with word-finding difficulties. In an attempt to investigate the cause(s) of these difficulties, an in-depth evaluation of his semantic and phonological skills was carried out, in which lexical and phonological variables such as age of acquisition or phonological complexity were controlled. Jeoffrey's performance was compared to a child matched for age. Although Jeoffrey showed no apparent phonological deficit, our results revealed deficits in semantic processes. We argue that this boy's word-finding difficulties are the result of imprecise and unspecified semantic representations. Therefore, as this case demonstrates, it is essential to determine the origin(s) of children's word-finding difficulties, which could be different and specific for each child presenting such a lexical deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bragard
- Unité Cognition et Développement, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.
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DeLeon J, Gottesman RF, Kleinman JT, Newhart M, Davis C, Heidler-Gary J, Lee A, Hillis AE. Neural regions essential for distinct cognitive processes underlying picture naming. Brain 2007; 130:1408-22. [PMID: 17337482 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awm011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that distinct cognitive processes underlying oral and written picture naming depend on intact function of different, but overlapping, regions of the left hemisphere cortex, such that the distribution of tissue dysfunction in various areas can predict the component of the naming process that is disrupted. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated 116 individuals within 24 h of acute ischaemic stroke using a battery of oral and written naming and other lexical tests, and with magnetic resonance diffusion and perfusion imaging to identify the areas of tissue dysfunction. Discriminant function analysis, using the degree of hypoperfusion in various Brodmann's areas--BA 22 (including Wernicke's area), BA 44 (part of Broca's area), BA 45 (part of Broca's area), BA 21 (inferior temporal cortex), BA 37 (posterior, inferior temporal/fusiform gyrus), BA 38 (anterior temporal cortex) and BA 39 (angular gyrus)--as discriminant variables, classified patients on the basis of the primary component of the naming process that was impaired (defined as visual, semantics, modality-independent lexical access, phonological word form, orthographic word form and motor speech by the pattern of performance and types of errors across lexical tasks). Additionally, linear regression analysis demonstrated that the areas contributing the most information to the identification of patients with particular levels of impairment in the naming process were largely consistent with evidence for the roles of these regions from functional imaging. This study provides evidence that the level of impairment in the naming process reflects the distribution of tissue dysfunction in particular regions of the left anterior, inferior and posterior middle/superior temporal cortex, posterior inferior frontal and inferior parietal cortex. While occipital cortex is also critical for picture naming, it is likely that bilateral occipital damage is necessary to disrupt visual recognition. These findings provide new evidence that a network of brain regions supports naming, but separate components of this network are differentially required for distinct cognitive processes or representations underlying the complex task of naming pictures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica DeLeon
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ventura P, Morais J, Kolinsky R. Evaluating feature-category relations using semantic fluency tasks. Brain Cogn 2005; 58:202-12. [PMID: 15919552 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2004.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2004] [Revised: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 11/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The issue of the relationship between semantic features and semantic categories has been raised by Warrington and colleagues, who claimed that sensory and functional-associative features are differentially important in determining the meaning of living and nonliving things (Warrington & McCarthy, 1983, 1987; Warrington & Shallice, 1984). In the present study, the effectiveness of semantic memory search for living and nonliving things with sensory and functional-associative search cues was evaluated through eight different adaptations of the semantic fluency task. More living thing responses and clusters were generated from sensory than from functional-associative search cues, while the reverse pattern holds for nonliving things responses and clusters. The results thus provide consistent empirical support for the assumption that sensory properties are fundamental in the representation of living things, while functional-associative properties are fundamental in the semantic representation of nonliving things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Ventura
- Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Breese EL, Hillis AE. Auditory comprehension: is multiple choice really good enough? BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2004; 89:3-8. [PMID: 15010231 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-934x(03)00412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Auditory comprehension is commonly measured with multiple choice tasks. The sensitivity of these tasks in identifying deficits, however, is limited by credit given for correct guesses by forced choice. In this study, we compare performance on the multiple choice task to an alternative word/picture verification task, in 122 subjects with acute left hemisphere stroke. As predicted, word/picture verification identifies significantly more subjects with deficits in auditory comprehension. Furthermore, the pattern of errors in the two tasks is consistent with a current distributed model of semantic memory, and inconsistent with alternative local models.
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Abstract
Anomia is a complex, commonly occurring symptom of aphasia with different underlying causes. A number of behavioral approaches to rehabilitation of anomia have been described. Some are restitutive in nature and attempt to reactivate lexical-semantic or phonological representations to improve word retrieval. Others are intended to reorganize language functions by engaging alternative cognitive systems to mediate word retrieval or by exploiting residual abilities to circumvent the impairment. A better appreciation of the characteristics of an individual's naming deficit may assist the clinician in selecting appropriate interventions for restitution or substitution of function in the management of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M Maher
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Baylor College of Medicine, and Houston Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Texas, USA
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Kiran S, Thompson CK. The role of semantic complexity in treatment of naming deficits: training semantic categories in fluent aphasia by controlling exemplar typicality. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2003; 46:773-87. [PMID: 12959459 PMCID: PMC1995232 DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/061)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of typicality of category exemplars on naming was investigated using a single subject experimental design across participants and behaviors in 4 patients with fluent aphasia. Participants received a semantic feature treatment to improve naming of either typical or atypical items within semantic categories, while generalization was tested to untrained items of the category. The order of typicality and category trained was counterbalanced across participants. Results indicated that patients trained on naming of atypical exemplars demonstrated generalization to naming of intermediate and typical items. However, patients trained on typical items demonstrated no generalized naming effect to intermediate or atypical examples. Furthermore, analysis of errors indicated an evolution of errors throughout training, from those with no apparent relationship to the target to primarily semantic and phonemic paraphasias. Performance on standardized language tests also showed changes as a function of treatment. Theoretical and clinical implications regarding the impact of considering semantic complexity on rehabilitation of naming deficits in aphasia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kiran
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA.
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Kiran S, Thompson CK. The role of semantic complexity in treatment of naming deficits: training semantic categories in fluent aphasia by controlling exemplar typicality. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2003; 46:608-22. [PMID: 14696989 DOI: 10.1044/1092-4388(2003/048)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of typicality of category exemplars on naming was investigated using a single subject experimental design across participants and behaviors in 4 patients with fluent aphasia. Participants received a semantic feature treatment to improve naming of either typical or atypical items within semantic categories, while generalization was tested to untrained items of the category. The order of typicality and category trained was counterbalanced across participants. Results indicated that patients trained on naming of atypical exemplars demonstrated generalization to naming of intermediate and typical items. However, patients trained on typical items demonstrated no generalized naming effect to intermediate or atypical examples. Furthermore, analysis of errors indicated an evolution of errors throughout training, from those with no apparent relationship to the target to primarily semantic and phonemic paraphasias. Performance on standardized language tests also showed changes as a function of treatment. Theoretical and clinical implications regarding the impact of considering semantic complexity on rehabilitation of naming deficits in aphasia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swathi Kiran
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Texas at Austin, 78712, USA.
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Gabrovska VS, Laws KR, Sinclair J, McKenna PJ. Visual object processing in schizophrenia: evidence for an associative agnosic deficit. Schizophr Res 2003; 59:277-86. [PMID: 12414085 DOI: 10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00168-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Early studies suggested visual form perception impairment in schizophrenia. To re-examine this claim and characterise the deficit neuropsychologically, 41 schizophrenic patients were administered tests sensitive to different levels of visual object perception and recognition. Intellectually well-preserved patients were examined separately on these and additional tests. Single case analysis was also applied to four patients showing varying degrees of general intellectual impairment. As a group, the patients showed little impairment on tests of early visual object perception, but greater impairment on higher-level visual processing tests, in particular object recognition and naming. This held true for patients with preserved general intellectual function. Single case analysis suggested that patients with schizophrenia have a selective deficit affecting object recognition and identification, with a pattern similar to visual associative agnosia in neurological patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vania S Gabrovska
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit, University of Manchester, Stopford Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Abstract
The present paper evaluates different hypotheses for explaining the living/nonliving things dissociation phenomenon in terms of feature type, considering the role of this dimension in the organization of conceptual semantic representations and in the activation of name representations. For this purpose we used Sloman and associates' (Memory and Cognition 27(3) (1999) 526; Cognitive Science 22(2) (1998) 189) name centrality and conceptual centrality tasks and asked subjects to judge functional and perceptual/visual features of living and nonliving items. Conceptual centrality results are more in accordance with a "single feature-domain connection hypothesis" where visual features are more important than functional features for the representation of living things and no feature type advantage is found for nonliving things. Name centrality results show that functional features are more important than sensory/visual features overall, a result that is not predicted by any of the hypotheses considered. The fact that the two judgments diverge emphasizes their importance for evaluating the role of feature type in the living/nonliving dissociation. Implications for explaining this phenomenon are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frederico Marques
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Lisbon, Alameda da Universidade, 1649-013 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Kolinsky R, Fery P, Messina D, Peretz I, Evinck S, Ventura P, Morais J. The fur of the crocodile and the mooing sheep: A study of a patient with a category-specific impairment for biological things. Cogn Neuropsychol 2002; 19:301-42. [DOI: 10.1080/02643290143000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Moreaud O, David D, Charnallet A, Pellat J. Are semantic errors actually semantic?: Evidence from alzheimer's disease. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2001; 77:176-186. [PMID: 11300702 DOI: 10.1006/brln.2000.2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) produce a high rate of semantic errors when naming to confrontation. This is considered to be one of the many consequences of their semantic memory deficit. However, it has been shown, in aphasic patients with focal lesions, that semantic errors could arise from impairment to any one of the levels in the naming process. To check this hypothesis in AD, we assessed in 15 patients the capacity to name and access semantic knowledge (by multiple-choice probe questions) about 14 objects presented successively in the visual, tactile, auditory, and verbal modalities. In the visual naming task, 33 errors were recorded: 26 (78.8%) were semantic and 7 (21.2%) were unrelated errors. Of the 26 semantic errors, 8 were related to a deficit of the semantic knowledge related to the item and 17 to a deficit in the retrieval of the phonological form of the word. One was associated with a deficit of access to semantic knowledge in the visual modality. The 7 unrelated errors were associated with a loss of semantic knowledge for 4 and deficit of access to the phonological form for 3. In conclusion, this study shows that semantic errors do not systematically reflect a deficit of semantic knowledge in Alzheimer's disease. It also seems that unrelated errors are more frequently related to semantic deficits than semantic errors in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Moreaud
- Service de Neurologie et Neuropsychologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Grenoble, France. omoreaud@ujf-grenoble
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