1
|
Koala L, Nikiema A, Post RJ, Paré AB, Kafando CM, Drabo F, Traoré S. Recrudescence of onchocerciasis in the Comoé valley in Southwest Burkina Faso. Acta Trop 2017; 166:96-105. [PMID: 27845063 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Onchocerciasis control by vector control was instigated in southwest Burkina Faso in January 1969 by ORSTOM/OCCGE, and continued until operations were taken over by the WHO Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP) in February 1975, which itself ceased operations in the area in 1989 when onchocerciasis was judged to have been reduced to insignificant levels. Initially (1969-1975) vector immigration maintained unacceptably high levels of transmission, but OCP was much larger than the preceding campaign and in 1975 the Annual Transmission Potential (ATP) dropped below 100 at all sites in the Comoé river valley except Folonzo, which continued to be subject to reinvasion, along with the whole of the Léraba river valley. However, after the southern extension of the OCP in 1979, ATPs dropped below 100 everywhere in the Comoé basin (including the Léraba valley), and further dropped to insignificant levels after the western extension of the OCP in 1985. Thus transmission dropped more quickly in the Comoé river valley than the Léraba river valley (which had been subject to vector reinvasion), and this was also reflected in prevalence of microfilaraemia in the human population. After 1986 prevalence was less than 5% in all villages in the Comoé river valley (except for two, which subsequently dropped to 0% and 3.7% by 1999). However, in 2001 (12 years after the cessation of vector control) the prevalence in one village in the Comoé river valley had increased to 39.6%, and two more had increased above 5% by 2007. New epidemiological surveys in 2011 and 2012 showed that in 13 out of 30 villages in the Comoé river valley prevalence of microfilaraemia was above 5%, although this was not observed in the Léraba river valley where prevalence remained low. This is the first documented case of recrudescence of onchocerciasis in the old OCP area, and the reasons are not clear. It is possible that there has been immigration of parasites with humans or vectors from areas where there has been a shorter period of control, or that control has been less effective. It is possible that in spite of very low levels of transmission the local parasite population was never reduced to a level below the transmission breakpoint, or that there has been a local recrudescence due to stochastic population effects. In any case it is clear that the distribution of ivermectin against lymphatic filariasis in the area since 2004 has failed to prevent the recrudescence of onchocerciasis, and the Burkina Faso Programme National de Lutte contre l'Onchocercose (PNLO - Ministere de la Santé) has instigated a programme of Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin specifically aimed at onchocerciasis in accordance with the strategy developed by APOC and recommended to governments by OCP when it was dissolved in 2002.
Collapse
|
2
|
Baldry DAT, Everts J, Roman B, Boon von Ochssee GA, Laveissiere C. The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations ofGlossina tachinoidesin West Africa. Part VIII: The Effects of Two Spray Applications of OMS-570 (endosulfan) and of OMS-1998 (decamethrin) onG. tachinoidesand Non-Target Organisms in Upper Volta. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09670878109414174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
3
|
Lee CW, Parker JD, Baldry DAT, Molyneux DH. The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations ofGlossina tachinoidesin West Africa. II. Calibration of Equipment and Insecticide Dispersal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09670877809414135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. W. Lee
- a Centre for Overseas Pest Research , College House, Wrights Lane, London , W85SJ , UK
| | - J. D. Parker
- a Centre for Overseas Pest Research , College House, Wrights Lane, London , W85SJ , UK
- b World Health Organization, Division of Vector Biology and Control , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - D. A. T. Baldry
- a Centre for Overseas Pest Research , College House, Wrights Lane, London , W85SJ , UK
- b World Health Organization, Division of Vector Biology and Control , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - D. H. Molyneux
- a Centre for Overseas Pest Research , College House, Wrights Lane, London , W85SJ , UK
- c Department of Biology , University of Salford , Salford , M5 4WT , UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Takken W, Balk F, Jansen RC, Koeman JH. The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations ofGlossina tachinoidesin West Africa. VI. Observations on Side-Effects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09670877809414139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W. Takken
- a Department of Toxicology , Agricultural University , Wageningen , Netherlands
- b Joint FAO: IAEA Division of Atomic Energy in Food and Agriculture , Vienna , P.O. Box 590 , Austria
| | - F. Balk
- a Department of Toxicology , Agricultural University , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - R. C. Jansen
- a Department of Toxicology , Agricultural University , Wageningen , Netherlands
| | - J. H. Koeman
- a Department of Toxicology , Agricultural University , Wageningen , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baldry DAT, Kulzer H, Bauer S, Lee CW, Parker JD. The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations ofGlossina tachinoidesin West Africa. III. Operational Aspects and Application Techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09670877809414136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. T. Baldry
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , 1211, Geneva , 27 , Switzerland
| | - H. Kulzer
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , 1211, Geneva , 27 , Switzerland
- b Air Lloyd , St Augustin , Federal Republic of Germany
| | - S. Bauer
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , 1211, Geneva , 27 , Switzerland
- b Air Lloyd , St Augustin , Federal Republic of Germany
| | - C. W. Lee
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , 1211, Geneva , 27 , Switzerland
- c Centre for Overseas Pest Research , College House, Wrights Lane, London , W8 5SJ
| | - J. D. Parker
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , 1211, Geneva , 27 , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Baldry DAT, Molyneux DH, van Wettere P. The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations ofGlossina tachinoidesin West Africa. V. Evaluation of Decamethrin Applied as a Spray. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09670877809414138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. T. Baldry
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , 1211, Geneva , 27 , Switzerland
| | - D. H. Molyneux
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , 1211, Geneva , 27 , Switzerland
- b Department of Biology , University of Salford , Salford , M5 4WT , UK
| | - P. van Wettere
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , 1211, Geneva , 27 , Switzerland
- c c/o USA Embassy, USAID , Bamoko , Mali
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
van Wettere P, Baldry DAT, Molyneux DH, Clarke JH, Lee CW, Parker JD. The Experimental Application of Insecticides from a Helicopter for the Control of Riverine Populations of Glossina tachinoides in West Africa. IV. Evaluation of Insecticides Applied as Aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09670877809414137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. van Wettere
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - D. A. T. Baldry
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - D. H. Molyneux
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
- b Department of Biology , University of Salford , Salford , Lancs , M4 4WT , UK
| | - J. H. Clarke
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
- c WHO Vector Biology and Control Research Unit , Kaduna , Nigeria
| | - C. W. Lee
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
- d COPR, College House , Wrights Lane, London , W8 5SJ , UK
| | - J. D. Parker
- a Division of Vector Biology and Control , World Health Organization , Geneva , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Davies JB, Gboho C, Baldry DAT, Bellec C, Sawadogo R, Tiao PC. The effects of helicopter applied adulticides for riverine tsetse control onSimuliumpopulations in a West African savanna habitat. I. introduction, methods and the effect on biting adults and aquatic stages ofSimulium damnosums.l. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/09670878209370722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|