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Sica P, Domingues MA, Mota LA, Pinto AU, Baptista AAS, Horii J, Abdalla AL, Baptista AS. How does active yeast supplementation reduce the deleterious effects of aflatoxins in Wistar rats? A radiolabeled assay and histopathological study. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:164. [PMID: 38630373 PMCID: PMC11023971 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) control the toxic effects of aflatoxins, which are not yet fully understood. Radiolabeled aflatoxin B1 (AFB13H) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats fed with aflatoxin (AflDiet) and aflatoxin supplemented with active dehydrated yeast Y904 (AflDiet + Yeast). The distribution of AFB13H and its metabolites were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h by tracking back of the radioactivity. No significant differences were observed between the AflDiet and AflDiet + Yeast groups in terms of the distribution of labeled aflatoxin. At 72 h, for the AflDiet group the radiolabeled aflatoxin was distributed as following: feces (79.5%), carcass (10.5%), urine (1.7%), and intestine (7.4%); in the AflDiet + Yeast the following distribution was observed: feces (76%), carcass (15%), urine (2.9%), and intestine (4.9%). These values were below 1% in other organs. These findings indicate that even after 72 h considerable amounts of aflatoxins remains in the intestines, which may play a significant role in the distribution and metabolism of aflatoxins and its metabolites over time. The presence of yeast may not significantly affect this process. Furthermore, histopathological examination of hepatic tissues showed that the presence of active yeast reduced the severity of liver damage caused by aflatoxins, indicating that yeasts control aflatoxin damage through biochemical mechanisms. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of yeasts against aflatoxin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Sica
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 40 Thorvaldsenvej, Frederiksberg, 1870, Denmark.
| | - Maria Antonia Domingues
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of Sao Paulo", Padua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Layna Amorim Mota
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of Sao Paulo", Padua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Alana Uchôa Pinto
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of Sao Paulo", Padua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Horii
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of Sao Paulo", Padua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of Sao Paulo, 303, Centenario Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13400-970, Brazil
| | - Antonio Sampaio Baptista
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, College of Agriculture "Luiz de Queiroz", University of Sao Paulo", Padua Dias Avenue, Piracicaba, Sao Paulo, 13418-900, Brazil
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Limaye A, Yu RC, Chou CC, Liu JR, Cheng KC. Protective and Detoxifying Effects Conferred by Dietary Selenium and Curcumin against AFB1-Mediated Toxicity in Livestock: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:E25. [PMID: 29301315 PMCID: PMC5793112 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), among other aflatoxins of the aflatoxin family, is the most carcinogenic and hazardous mycotoxin to animals and human beings with very high potency leading to aflatoxicosis. Selenium is an essential trace mineral possessing powerful antioxidant functions. Selenium is widely reported as an effective antioxidant against aflatoxicosis. By preventing oxidative liver damage, suppressing pro-apoptotic proteins and improving immune status in AFB1 affected animals; selenium confers specific protection against AFB1 toxicity. Meticulous supplementation of animal feed by elemental selenium in the organic and inorganic forms has proven to be effective to ameliorate AFB1 toxicity. Curcumin is another dietary agent of importance in tackling aflatoxicosis. Curcumin is one of the major active ingredients in the tubers of a spice Curcuma longa L., a widely reported antioxidant, anticarcinogenic agent with reported protective potential against aflatoxin-mediated liver damage. Curcumin restricts the aflatoxigenic potential of Aspergillusflavus. Curcumin inhibits cytochrome P450 isoenzymes, particularly CYP2A6 isoform; thereby reducing the formation of AFB1-8, 9-epoxide and other toxic metabolites causing aflatoxicosis. In this review, we have briefly reviewed important aflatoxicosis symptoms among animals. With the main focus on curcumin and selenium, we have reviewed their underlying protective mechanisms in different animals along with their extraction and production methods for feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Limaye
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Roch-Chui Yu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Chun Chou
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Je-Ruei Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
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Magnoli A, Rodriguez M, González Pereyra M, Poloni V, Peralta M, Nilson A, Miazzo R, Bagnis G, Chiacchiera S, Cavaglieri L. Use of yeast (Pichia kudriavzevii) as a novel feed additive to ameliorate the effects of aflatoxin B1 on broiler chicken performance. Mycotoxin Res 2017; 33:273-283. [DOI: 10.1007/s12550-017-0285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Bovo F, Franco L, Kobashigawa E, Rottinghaus G, Ledoux D, Oliveira C. Efficacy of beer fermentation residue containing Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for ameliorating aflatoxicosis in broilers. Poult Sci 2015; 94:934-42. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Guan S, Zhou T, Yin Y, Xie M, Ruan Z, Young J. Microbial strategies to control aflatoxins in food and feed. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2011. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2011.1290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are a group of toxic and carcinogenic fungal metabolites. They are commonly found in cereals, nuts and animal feeds and create a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. Several strategies have been developed to avoid or reduce harmful effects of aflatoxins since the 1960s. However, prevention of aflatoxin contamination pre/post harvest or during storage has not been satisfactory and control strategies such as physical removing and chemical inactivating used in food commodities have their deficiencies, which limit their large scale application. It is expected that progress in the control of aflatoxin contamination will depend on the introduction of technologies for specific, efficient and environmentally sound detoxification. The utilisation of biological detoxification agents, such as microorganisms and/or their enzymatic products to detoxify aflatoxins in contaminated food and feed can be a choice of such technology. To date, many of the microbial strategies have only showed reduced concentration of aflatoxins and the structure and toxicity of the detoxified products are unclear. More attention should be paid to the detoxification reactions, the structure of biotransformed products and the enzymes responsible for the detoxification. In this article, microbial strategies for aflatoxin control such as microbial binding and microbial biotransformation are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China P.R
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, 410125 Hunan, Changsha, China P.R
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Rd W, Guelph N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - T. Zhou
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Rd W, Guelph N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Y. Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China P.R
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Hunan Engineering and Research Center of Animal and Poultry Science and Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, 410125 Hunan, Changsha, China P.R
| | - M. Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China P.R
| | - Z. Ruan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology and College of Life Science and Food Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China P.R
| | - J. Young
- Guelph Food Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 93 Stone Rd W, Guelph N1G 5C9, Canada
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Baptista AS, Abdalla AL, Aguiar CL, Baptista AAS, Micheluchi D, Zampronio AC, Pires DS, Glória EM, Calori-Domingues MA, Walder JMM, Vizioli MR, Horii J. Utilization of diets amended with yeast and amino acids for the control of aflatoxicosis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Denli M, Çelik, Okan F. Comparative Effects of Feeding Diets Containing Flavomycin, Bioteksin-L and Dry Yeast(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)on Broiler Performance. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2003.9706415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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