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Sitthiangkool P, Poapolathep A, Chomcheun T, Jongkolpath O, Khidkhan K, Klangkaew N, Phaochoosak N, Giorgi M, Poapolathep S. Pharmacokinetic characteristics of florfenicol in green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) after intramuscular administration. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2024; 47:300-307. [PMID: 38520083 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (FFC) in green sea and hawksbill sea turtles were evaluated following intramuscular (i.m.) administration at two different dosages of 20 or 30 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). This study (longitudinal design) used 5 green sea and 5 hawksbill sea turtles for the two dosages. Blood samples were collected at assigned times up to 168 h. FFC plasma samples were analyzed using validated high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with diode array detection. The pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a non-compartment approach. The FFC plasma concentrations increased with the dosage. The elimination half-life was similar between the treatment groups (range 19-25 h), as well as the plasma protein binding (range 18.59%-20.65%). According to the surrogate PK/PD parameter (T > MIC, 2 μg/mL), the 20 and 30 mg/kg dosing rates should be effective doses for susceptible bacterial infections in green sea and hawksbill sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandaree Sitthiangkool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amnart Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanaphan Chomcheun
- Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Center, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Oranee Jongkolpath
- Eastern Marine and Coastal Resources Research and Development Center, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Kraisiri Khidkhan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Narumol Klangkaew
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Napasorn Phaochoosak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mario Giorgi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, San Piero a Grado, Italy
| | - Saranya Poapolathep
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Wu X, Lin Z, Toney E, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Davis JL, Chen Q, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetics, tissue residue depletion, and withdrawal interval estimations of florfenicol in goats following repeated subcutaneous administrations. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114098. [PMID: 37838212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used in the U.S. to treat respiratory and enteric infections in goats in an extra-label manner, which requires scientifically based withdrawal intervals (WDIs) for edible tissues. This study aimed to determine the depletion profiles for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in plasma and tissues samples and to estimate WDIs for goats following subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg florfenicol, twice, 96 h apart. The samples were collected up to 50 days after the second dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental analysis. Three different pharmacostatistical methods with different operational tolerances were used to calculate WDIs. The plasma half-life was 101.80 h for florfenicol and 207.69 h for florfenicol amine after the second dose. Using the FDA tolerance limit method, WDIs were 202 and 101 days, while the EMA maximum residue limit method estimated 179 and 96 days for the respective tissue concentrations to fall below limits of detection (0.12 μg/g for liver and 0.05 μg/g for kidney). This study characterizes plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion profiles of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in goats following subcutaneous injections and reports estimated WDIs for food safety assessment of florfenicol in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Emily Toney
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Maaike O Clapham
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Scott E Wetzlich
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
| | - Qiran Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Wang Y, Zhang L, Ahmed S, Liu Y, Li X. Pharmacokinetic of florfenicol in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of swine and effects of anesthetic agent on drug plasma disposition kinetics. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The primary objective of the current study was to compare the pharmacokinetic (PK) of florfenicol (FFL) in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and the plasma in swine. The second objectives were to evaluate the effect of anesthesia with ketamine and propofol on the PK of FFL in plasma. Bronchoaveolar lavage was utilized for quantification of PELF volume and the urea dilution method was used to determine the concentration of FFL in PELF. FFL was administered intramuscularly (IM) to swine in a single dose of 20mg/kg body weight. The main PK parameters of FFL in plasma and PELF were as follows: the area under the concentration-time curve, maximal drug concentration, elimination half-life and mean residence time were 69.45±4.36 vs 85.03±9.26μg·hr/ml, 4.65±0.34 vs 5.94±0.86μg/ml, 9.87±1.70 vs 10.69±1.60hr and 12.75±0.35 vs 14.46±1.26hr, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the PK profiles of FFL for the anesthetized and unanesthetized pigs. This study suggest that (i) FFL penetrated rapidly into the pulmonary and the drug concentration decay faster in plasma than in the pulmonary, (ii) the PK profile of FFL in swine was not interfered after administration of anesthetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Tarim University, China; Shihezi University, China
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Ling Z, Yonghong L, Junfeng L, Li Z, Xianqiang L. Tilmicosin- and florfenicol-loaded hydrogenated castor oil-solid lipid nanoparticles to pigs: Combined antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetics. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 41:307-313. [PMID: 29139136 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The combined antibacterial effects of tilmicosin (TIL) and florfenicol (FF) against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) (n = 2), Streptococcus suis (S. suis) (n = 2), and Haemophilus parasuis (HPS) (n = 2) were evaluated by chekerboard test and time-kill assays. The pharmacokinetics (PKs) of TIL- and FF-loaded hydrogenated castor oil (HCO)-solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were performed in healthy pigs. The results indicated that TIL and FF showed synergistic or additive antibacterial activities against APP, S. suis and HPS with the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) ranging from 0.375 to 0.75. The time-kill assays showed that 1/2 minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) TIL combined with 1/2 MIC FF had a stronger ability to inhibit the growth of APP, S. suis, and HPS than 1 MIC TIL or 1 MIC FF, respectively. After oral administration, plasma TIL and FF concentrations could maintain about 0.1 μg/ml for 192 and 176 hr. The SLN prolonged the last time point with detectable concentrations (Tlast ), area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-t ), elimination half-life (T½ke ), and mean residence time (MRT) by 3.1, 5.6, 12.7, 3.4-fold of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) of TIL and 11.8, 16.5, 18.1, 12.1-fold of the API of FF, respectively. This study suggests that the TIL-FF-SLN could be a useful oral formulation for the treatment of APP, S. suis, and HPS infection in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - L Yonghong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - L Junfeng
- Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - Z Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
| | - L Xianqiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Tarim Animal Husbandry Science and Technology of Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps, Alar, China
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Environmental attributes to respiratory diseases of small ruminants. Vet Med Int 2014; 2014:853627. [PMID: 24782941 PMCID: PMC3981018 DOI: 10.1155/2014/853627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases are the major disease crisis in small ruminants. A number of pathogenic microorganisms have been implicated in the development of respiratory disease but the importance of environmental factors in the initiation and progress of disease can never be overemphasized. They irritate the respiratory tree producing stress in the microenvironment causing a decline in the immune status of the small ruminants and thereby assisting bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections to break down the tissue defense barriers. Environmental pollutants cause acute or chronic reactions as they deposit on the alveolar surface which are characterized by inflammation or fibrosis and the formation of transitory or persistent tissue manifestation. Some of the effects of exposures may be immediate, whereas others may not be evident for many decades. Although the disease development can be portrayed as three sets of two-way communications (pathogen-environment, host-environment, and host-pathogen), the interactions are highly variable. Moreover, the environmental scenario is never static; new compounds are introduced daily making a precise evaluation of the disease burden almost impossible. The present review presents a detailed overview of these interactions and the ultimate effect on the respiratory health of sheep and goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Argüello
- a Department of Animal Science , Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria , Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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