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Jung J, Sodano HA. Cellulose nanocrystal functionalized aramid nanofiber reinforced epoxy nanocomposites with high strength and toughness. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:245703. [PMID: 36753754 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acba1b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites can be improved by incorporating various types of nanofillers. The hybridization of nanofillers through covalent linkages between nanofillers with different dimensions and morphology can further increase the properties of nanocomposites. In this work, aramid nanofibers (ANFs) are modified using chlorinated cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and functionalized with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane to improve the chemical and mechanical interaction in an epoxy matrix. The integration of CNC functionalized ANFs (fACs) in the epoxy matrix simultaneously improves Young's modulus, tensile strength, fracture properties, and viscoelastic properties. The test results show that 1.5 wt% fAC reinforced epoxy nanocomposites improve Young's modulus and tensile strength by 15.1% and 10.1%, respectively, and also exhibit 2.5 times higher fracture toughness compared to the reference epoxy resin. Moreover, the glass transition temperature and storage modulus are found to increase when fACs are incorporated. Thus, this study demonstrates that the enhanced chemical and mechanical interaction by the CNC functionalization on the ANFs can further improve the static and dynamic mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Jung
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
- R&D Center, Hankook tire and technology Co., Ltd, Daejeon 34127, Republic of Korea
| | - Henry A Sodano
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States of America
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Zakaria NZJ, Rozali S, Mubarak NM, Ibrahim S. A review of the recent trend in the synthesis of carbon nanomaterials derived from oil palm by-product materials. BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY 2022; 14:1-32. [PMID: 35194538 PMCID: PMC8853439 DOI: 10.1007/s13399-022-02430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Grown only in humid tropical conditions, the palm tree provides high-quality oil essential for cooking and personal care or biofuel in the energy sector. After the refining process, this demand could cause numerous oil palm biomass waste management problems. However, the emergence of carbon nanomaterials or CNMs could be a great way to put this waste to a good cause. The composition of the palm waste can be used as a green precursor or starting materials for synthesizing CNMs. Hence, this review paper summarizes the recent progress for the CNMs production for the past 10 years. This review paper extensively discusses the method for processing CNMs, chemical vapor deposition, pyrolysis, and microwave by the current synthesis method. The parameters and conditions of the synthesis are also analyzed. The application of the CNMs from palm oil and future recommendations are also highlighted. Generally, this paper could be a handy guide in assisting the researchers in exploring economic yet simple procedures in synthesizing carbon-based nanostructured materials derived from palm oil that can fulfill the required applications. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Zariah Jakaria Zakaria
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shaifulazuar Rozali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Brunei, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1410 Brunei Darussalam
| | - Suriani Ibrahim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ahmed W, Gul S, Awais M, Hassan ZU, Jabeen S, Farooq M. A review: novel nanohybrids of epoxy/polyamide with carbon nanotube/nano-diamond. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1819314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waqas Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ul Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Saira Jabeen
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Botany, Government Postgraduate College, Mansehra, Pakistan
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Jung J, Sodano HA. High strength epoxy nanocomposites reinforced by epoxy functionalized aramid nanofibers. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kumar M, Kumar A. Thermomechanical analysis of hybrid friction composite material and its correlation with friction braking performance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2020.1746543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, India
| | - Ashiwani Kumar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Rae Bareli, India
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Thermal and mechanical properties study of boron nitride nanosheets decorated by silver/epoxy nanocomposites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Fariba Jafari-Soghieh, Pajoohi-Alamooti E, Behniafar H. Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether-Based Epoxy Networks with Enhanced Storage Moduli Using Silica Nanoparticles Coated by NH2-Functionalized Poly(tetramethylene oxide). POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x19030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Venkatesh M, Gouthaman S, Kanemoto SO, Lakshmi MS, Hamerton I. Development of epoxy‐cyanate ester‐clay nanocomposites offering enhanced thermally stability. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Venkatesh
- Polymer Science & Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai 600 020 India
| | - S. Gouthaman
- Polymer Science & Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai 600 020 India
| | - S. O. Kanemoto
- Polymer Science & Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai 600 020 India
- Macromolecular Research Team, Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Yaounde‐I, 812‐Yaounde Cameroon
| | - M. S. Lakshmi
- Polymer Science & Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai 600 020 India
| | - I. Hamerton
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical Engineering, Queen's BuildingUniversity of Bristol, University Walk Bristol BS8 1TR UK
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Jafari-Soghieh F, Maleki B, Behniafar H. Effect of dendrimer-functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on improving thermal and mechanical properties of DGEBA/IPD epoxy networks. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317749020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of dendrimer-functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4@D-NH2) on improving thermal and mechanical properties in epoxy networks (ENs) are investigated. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are prepared by coprecipitation of iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate with iron (III) chloride hexahydrate. Poly(amido-amine) dendrimer is synthesized by Michael addition reaction from diethylenetriamine with methyl acrylate. The fabricated dendrimer has been used to stabilize and functionalize magnetic nanoparticles. Then, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are encapsulated within the dendrimer and subsequently loaded into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin in two different contents, that is, 5 and 10 wt%. The amine groups of dendrimer-functionalized magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles allow them to be covalently linked to the polymer matrix alongside the main amine hardener. The resulting epoxy/magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites are thoroughly characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Probing the thermal behaviors of the epoxy/magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites by thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the temperature of 10% decomposition and the temperatures of the maximum decomposition rate values of Fe3O4@D-NH2@EN series increased up to 20 and 10°C, respectively. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis also indicated that the organo-magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can lead to an excellent interaction between the nanoparticles and the resulting DGEBA/isophorone diamine ENs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behrooz Maleki
- Department of Chemistry, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
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Saba N, Safwan A, Sanyang M, Mohammad F, Pervaiz M, Jawaid M, Alothman O, Sain M. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of cellulose nanofibers reinforced epoxy composites. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 102:822-828. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kausar A. Nanodiamond tethered epoxy/polyurethane interpenetrating network nanocomposite: Physical properties and thermoresponsive shape-memory behavior. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2016.1156911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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He HW, Huang W, Gao F. Comparison of four methods for determining fiber content of carbon fiber/epoxy composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2016.1139395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Sanyang ML, Sapuan SM, Jawaid M, Ishak MR, Sahari J. Effect of Plasticizer Type and Concentration on Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Sugar Palm Starch–Based Films. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2015.1054107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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He HW, Gao F. Effect of Fiber Volume Fraction on the Flexural Properties of Unidirectional Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Composites. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2015.989076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Mallakpour S, Derakhshan F. Opportunities and Challenges in the Use of TiO2Nanoparticles Modified with Citric Acid to Synthesize Advanced Nanocomposites Based on Poly(amide-imide) ContainingN,N′-(Pyromellitoyl)-bis-L-leucine Segments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2015.954771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nabil H, Ismail H. Blending of Natural Rubber/Recycled Ethylene-Propylene-diene Rubber: Promoting the Interfacial Adhesion Between Phases by Natural Rubber Latex. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2014.873597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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