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Pepe M, Hesami M, de la Cerda KA, Perreault ML, Hsiang T, Jones AMP. A journey with psychedelic mushrooms: From historical relevance to biology, cultivation, medicinal uses, biotechnology, and beyond. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108247. [PMID: 37659744 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Psychedelic mushrooms containing psilocybin and related tryptamines have long been used for ethnomycological purposes, but emerging evidence points to the potential therapeutic value of these mushrooms to address modern neurological, psychiatric health, and related disorders. As a result, psilocybin containing mushrooms represent a re-emerging frontier for mycological, biochemical, neuroscience, and pharmacology research. This work presents crucial information related to traditional use of psychedelic mushrooms, as well as research trends and knowledge gaps related to their diversity and distribution, technologies for quantification of tryptamines and other tryptophan-derived metabolites, as well as biosynthetic mechanisms for their production within mushrooms. In addition, we explore the current state of knowledge for how psilocybin and related tryptamines are metabolized in humans and their pharmacological effects, including beneficial and hazardous human health implications. Finally, we describe opportunities and challenges for investigating the production of psychedelic mushrooms and metabolic engineering approaches to alter secondary metabolite profiles using biotechnology integrated with machine learning. Ultimately, this critical review of all aspects related to psychedelic mushrooms represents a roadmap for future research efforts that will pave the way to new applications and refined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pepe
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Mohsen Hesami
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Karla A de la Cerda
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Departments of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Hsiang
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Guelph, Canada
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Wu XM, Dai GC, Zhou BB, Chen Y, Tan RX. Three new polyketide derivatives of the endophytic fungus Aspergillus cristatus 2H1. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2022; 24:722-730. [PMID: 34590972 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2021.1972982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Three new polyketide derivatives, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-endocrocin (1), 6-methoxy-2-ethoxycarbonyl-endocrocin (2) and pannorin C (3), along with sixteen known compounds (4-19) were isolated from a plant endophytic fungus Aspergillus cristatus 2H1. Their structures were elucidated by 1D/2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS data analysis. Compound 3 showed weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC 20 μg/ml). Compounds 14 and 15 showed effective cytotoxicity on human melanoma A375 cells (IC50 4.13 μM for 14, 3.39 μM for 15).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guan-Cheng Dai
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bei-Bei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ren-Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Functional Biomolecules, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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Miyazawa Y, Kawaguchi K, Katsuta R, Nukada T, Ishigami K. Analog synthesis of DAMASCENOLIDE TM, an important aroma component of roses, and their odor properties. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1560-1569. [PMID: 32303150 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1753498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
DAMASCENOLIDETM [1, 4-(4-methylpent-3-en-1-yl)furan-2(5H)-one], which has a citrus-like odor, is an important aroma component of roses. We have previously reported on the synthesis and odor evaluation of double-bond isomers of 1 and concluded that the position and the geometric isomerism of the double-bond had a significant effect on the odor. For the purpose of deepening knowledge about structure-odor relationships, we synthesized 13 analogs of compound 1 and evaluated their odors. As a result, it was found that the presence of two double-bonds and branched methyl group at the terminal position in the side chain was essential in order to have a citrus-like odor. Substitution of the side chain with appropriate length at the appropriate 4-position of the 2(5H)-furanone ring was also an important factor in determining the quality of the odor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamato Miyazawa
- R&D Center, T. Hasegawa Co., Ltd ., Kanagawa, Japan.,Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Katsuta
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Nukada
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Ishigami
- Department of Chemistry for Life Sciences and Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture , Tokyo, Japan
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Wei X, Feng C, Wang SY, Zhang DM, Li XH, Zhang CX. New Indole Diketopiperazine Alkaloids from Soft Coral-Associated Epiphytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. EGF 15-0-3. Chem Biodivers 2020; 17:e2000106. [PMID: 32212241 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202000106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three new indole diketopiperazine alkaloids, 11-methylneoechinulin E and variecolorin M, and (+)-variecolorin G, along with 12 known analogs, were isolated from a soft coral-associated epiphytic fungus Aspergillus sp. EGF 15-0-3. The structures of the new compounds were unambiguously established by extensive spectroscopic analyses including HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and optical rotation measurements. The absolute configurations of (+)- and (-)-variecolorin G were determined by experimental and quantum-chemical ECD investigations and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Variecolorin G is a pair of enantiomeric mixtures with a ratio of 1 : 2. Moreover, (+)-neoechinulin A is firstly reported as a natural product. The cytotoxic activities of all the isolated compounds against NCI-H1975 gefitinib resistance (NCI-H1975/GR) cell lines were preliminarily evaluated by MTT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chan Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Cui-Xian Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Wang X, Li Y, Zhang X, Lai D, Zhou L. Structural Diversity and Biological Activities of the Cyclodipeptides from Fungi. Molecules 2017; 22:E2026. [PMID: 29168781 PMCID: PMC6149763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodipeptides, called 2,5-diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs), are obtained by the condensation of two amino acids. Fungi have been considered to be a rich source of novel and bioactive cyclodipeptides. This review highlights the occurrence, structures and biological activities of the fungal cyclodipeptides with the literature covered up to July 2017. A total of 635 fungal cyclodipeptides belonging to the groups of tryptophan-proline, tryptophan-tryptophan, tryptophan-Xaa, proline-Xaa, non-tryptophan-non-proline, and thio-analogs have been discussed and reviewed. They were mainly isolated from the genera of Aspergillus and Penicillium. More and more cyclodipeptides have been isolated from marine-derived and plant endophytic fungi. Some of them were screened to have cytotoxic, phytotoxic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, vasodilator, radical scavenging, antioxidant, brine shrimp lethal, antiviral, nematicidal, antituberculosis, and enzyme-inhibitory activities to show their potential applications in agriculture, medicinal, and food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yuying Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Xuping Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Daowan Lai
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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