New dibenzodioxocinone and pyran-3,5-dione derivatives from the deep-sea-derived fungus Penicillium canescens SCSIO z053

Three new terpenoid derivatives from the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii DFFSCS007

Three new terpenoid derivatives (1S,6R,7S)-hydrobenzosydowic acid (1), (1 R,6S,7S)-hydrobenzosydowic acid (2), and (7 R,10R)-11-dehydroxy-iso-10-hydroxysydowic acid (3), along with the known analogues (S)-2-(1-(4-nitrobenzoyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamido)benzoic acid (4) and trihydroxybutyl ester of 4-carboxydiorcinol (5) were isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Aspergillus sydowii DFFSCS007. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis. Compound 4 with a nitrobenzene group was isolated from nature for the first time. The antibacterial activities of 1-5 and cytotoxicity of 1-3 were also evaluated.

Progress in Research on Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Deep-Sea Derived Microorganisms

Deep sea has an extreme environment which leads to biodiversity of microorganisms and their unique physical and biochemical mechanisms. Deep-sea derived microorganisms are more likely to produce novel bioactive substances with special mechanism of action for drug discovery. This article reviews secondary metabolites with biological activities such as anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and anti-inflammatory isolated from deep-sea fungi and bacteria during 2018-2020. Effective methods for screening and obtaining natural active compounds from deep-sea microorganisms are also summarized, including optimizing the culture conditions, using genome mining technology, biosynthesis and so on. The comprehensive application of these methods makes broader prospects for the development and application of deep sea microbial bioactive substances.

Deep-Sea Fungi Could Be the New Arsenal for Bioactive Molecules

Growing microbial resistance to existing drugs and the search for new natural products of pharmaceutical importance have forced researchers to investigate unexplored environments, such as extreme ecosystems. The deep-sea (>1000 m below water surface) has a variety of extreme environments, such as deep-sea sediments, hydrothermal vents, and deep-sea cold region, which are considered to be new arsenals of natural products. Organisms living in the extreme environments of the deep-sea encounter harsh conditions, such as high salinity, extreme pH, absence of sun light, low temperature and oxygen, high hydrostatic pressure, and low availability of growth nutrients. The production of secondary metabolites is one of the strategies these organisms use to survive in such harsh conditions. Fungi growing in such extreme environments produce unique secondary metabolites for defense and communication, some of which also have clinical significance. Despite being the producer of many important bioactive molecules, deep-sea fungi have not been explored thoroughly. Here, we made a brief review of the structure, biological activity, and distribution of secondary metabolites produced by deep-sea fungi in the last five years.

Piltunines A-F from the Marine-Derived Fungus Penicillium piltunense KMM 4668

Six new carotane sesquiterpenoids piltunines A–F (1–6) together with known compounds (7–9) were isolated from the marine-derived fungus Penicillium piltunense KMM 4668. Their structures were established using spectroscopic methods. The absolute configurations of 1–7 were determined based on circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear Overhauser spectroscopy (NOESY) data as well as biogenetic considerations. The cytotoxic activity of some of the isolated compounds and their effects on regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages were examined.