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Luo ZQ, Shi XQ, Wang XY, Yang QL, Pan X, Pan WX, Luo CL, Yu SS, Zhou WW, Ren BR, Yi Y, Zhang XM. Waterlogging in soil restricts the growth of Gleditsia sinensis seedlings and inhibits the accumulation of lignans and phenolic acids in thorns. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17137. [PMID: 38529310 PMCID: PMC10962338 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gleditsia sinensis, commonly known as Chinese Zaojiao, has important economic value and medicinal compounds in its fruits and thorns, making it widely cultivated artificially in China. However, the available literature on the impact of waterlogging on the growth of G. sinensis seedlings and the accumulation of metabolite compounds in its thorns is limited. To address this knowledge gap, G. sinensis seedlings were planted in soil supplemented with pindstrup substrate, which enhances the water-holding capacity of the soil. The analyses of morphological traits and nutrient elements in one-year-old G. sinensis seedlings grown naturally under ambient conditions and metabolite accumulation in its thorns were conducted. The results showed that the waterlogged soil significantly diminished the height, fresh weight, and dry weight of seedling roots and stems (P < 0.05). Furthermore, waterlogging hindered the uptake of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn), as well as the transport of potassium (K). The identified metabolites within the thorns were categorized into 16 distinct groups. Relative to the control soil, fatty acids and derivatives were the most down-regulated metabolites in the waterlogged soil, accounting for 40.58% of the total metabolites, followed by lignans (38.71%), phenolic acids (34.48%), saccharides and alcohols (34.15%), steroids (16.67%), alkaloids (12.24%), flavonoids (9.28%), and glycerophospholipids (7.41%). Conversely, nucleotides and derivatives experienced the greatest up-regulation in the waterlogged soil, accounting for 50.00% of the total metabolites. In conclusion, waterlogging negatively impacted the growth of G. sinensis seedlings and inhibited the accumulation of metabolites. Hence, when considering the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as lignans and phenolic acids, appropriate management of soil moisture levels should be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qi Luo
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Academy of Forestry, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xian-Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiu-Lan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen-Xia Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Chun-Li Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen-Wen Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin-Rui Ren
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xi-Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Area of Southwest, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Alpine Rhododendron Diseases and Pests of Institutions of Higher Learning in Guizhou Province, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
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Bai J, Jing X, Yang Y, Wang X, Feng Y, Ge F, Li J, Yao M. Comprehensive profiling of chemical composition of Gleditsiae spina using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9467. [PMID: 36594178 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gleditsiae spina (GS) is an important herb used in traditional and folk medicinal systems of East Asian countries for its various medicinal properties. In China, it has been traditionally used through the centuries for its anticancer, detoxication, detumescence, apocenosis, and antiparasitic effects. Although some of its ingredients have been isolated and identified, most active constituents remain unknown. Past research mostly exploited nuclear magnetic resonance for the identification of compounds, which is suitable for monomers only. Moreover, the extraction and isolation procedures for obtaining purified molecules are time consuming. Therefore, establishing an efficient approach will assist in rapid discovery of the potential active ingredients of GS. The present study aimed to identify the chemical constituents in GS by a data analysis strategy using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. METHODS First, the theoretical formula of the candidate compound was calculated using the accurate mass of the precursor/adduct ions. Second, the compounds were classified by the diagnostic ions from the MS/MS data. Third, characteristic ion filtering was used to identify the structures. Finally, the diverse skeletons and substitutions were further identified through the neutral loss in the GS. RESULTS A total of 277 compounds were identified in GS, comprising 169 flavonoids, 70 lignans, and 38 other compounds. At least 43 potential new compounds were represented. CONCLUSIONS This experiment devised an efficient and systematic method for detecting complex compounds and provided a foundation for future research into bioactive ingredients and quality control of GS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiucun Jing
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuangui Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Yulin Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Ge
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Junmao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Min Yao
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Institute for Drug Control, Nanchang, China
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Jung MA, Song HK, Jo K, Lee A, Hwang YH, Ji KY, Jung DH, Cai M, Lee JY, Pyun BJ, Kim T. Gleditsia sinensis Lam. aqueous extract attenuates nasal inflammation in allergic rhinitis by inhibiting MUC5AC production through suppression of the STAT3/STAT6 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114482. [PMID: 36921533 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR), a chronic respiratory inflammatory disease, is among the most common chronic diseases reported worldwide. Mucus hypersecretion is a critical feature of AR pathogenesis. Although the Gleditsia sinensis extract has several beneficial effects on human health, its effects on allergic inflammation have not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined the effects of G. sinensis aqueous extract (GSAE) on nasal inflammation in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. GSAE was administered orally for 1 week and then the clinical nasal symptoms were evaluated. The levels of histamine, OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E, and interleukin (IL)-13 were measured in the serum using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Inflammatory cells were then counted in the nasal lavage fluid (NALF) and histopathology in the nasal epithelium was evaluated. STAT3/STAT6 phosphorylation was examined in primary human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpCs) using western blot analysis. Oral administration of GSAE to OVA-induced AR mice alleviated nasal clinical symptoms and reduced OVA-specific immunoglobulin E, interleukin (IL)-13, and histamine levels. The accumulation of eosinophils in nasal lavage fluid, nasal mucosa, mast cells, goblet cells, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the nasal epithelium was also inhibited by GSAE. Treatment with GSAE inhibited the production of MUC5AC in IL-4/IL-13-stimulated primary human nasal epithelial cells through the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3/STAT6 signaling pathway. These results indicated that GSAE reduces nasal inflammation suggesting that it is a potential treatment option for AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-A Jung
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Kyung Song
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhyung Jo
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ami Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea; Center for Companion Animal New Drug Development, Jeonbuk Branch, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), 30 Baekhak1-gil, Jeongeup-si 56212, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ho Jung
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Mudan Cai
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Jeong Pyun
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Taesoo Kim
- KM Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), 1672 Yuseong-daero Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, the Republic of Korea.
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Yang BH, Zhang YJ, Bai M, Zhang Q, Li CX, Huang XX, Song SJ. Chemical constituents from the fruits of Solanum nigrum and their chemotaxonomic significance. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Xie H, Wang H, Chen B, Lou J, Wang H, Xiong Y, Hu Y, Xu X, Jing Q, Jiang M, Wang S, Liu J, Yang F, Li X, Liu E, Yang W. Untargeted metabolomics analysis to unveil the chemical markers for the differentiation among three Gleditsia sinensis-derived herbal medicines by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Insights into molecular structure, genome evolution and phylogenetic implication through mitochondrial genome sequence of Gleditsia sinensis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14850. [PMID: 34290263 PMCID: PMC8295344 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gleditsia sinensis is an endemic species widely distributed in China with high economic and medicinal value. To explore the genomic evolution and phylogenetic relationships of G. sinensis, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of G. sinensis was sequenced and assembled, which was firstly reported in Gleditsia. The mt genome was circular and 594,121 bp in length, including 37 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 19 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes and 3 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. The overall base composition of the G. sinensis mt genome was 27.4% for A, 27.4% for T, 22.6% for G, 22.7% for C. The comparative analysis of PCGs in Fabaceae species showed that most of the ribosomal protein genes and succinate dehydrogenase genes were lost. In addition, we found that the rps4 gene was only lost in G. sinensis, whereas it was retained in other Fabaceae species. The phylogenetic analysis based on shared PCGs of 24 species (22 Fabaceae and 2 Solanaceae) showed that G. sinensis is evolutionarily closer to Senna species. In general, this research will provide valuable information for the evolution of G. sinensis and provide insight into the phylogenetic relationships within the family Fabaceae.
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Bai JQ, Yang L, Gao S, Zhu WF, Huang LQ. The complete plastid genome sequence of Gleditsia sinensis, an ancient medicinal tree in China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:2859-2861. [PMID: 33457978 PMCID: PMC7782700 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1791018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Leguminosae) is an ancient medicinal tree in China. In this study, we first characterized the whole plastid genome sequence using the illumination sequencing technology. The length of the plastid genome was 163,151 bp, including the large single copy (LSC) region of 91,515 bp, the small single copy (SSC) region of 19,250 bp, and two reversed duplicate regions (IR) of each 26,193 bp. The genome of G. sinensis contains 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNA (tRNA) and 8 ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Phylogenetic analysis showed that G. sinensis was placed as a sister to the congeneric G. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Qing Bai
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Su Gao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei-Feng Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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