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Murtazaeva Z, Nasrullaev A, Buronov A, Gaybullaev S, Nie L, Numonov S, Khushnazarov Z, Turgunov D, Kuryazov R, Zhao J, Bozorov K. Imidazole Hybrids: A Privileged Class of Heterocycles in Medicinal Chemistry with New Insights into Anticancer Activity. Molecules 2025; 30:2245. [PMID: 40430417 PMCID: PMC12114262 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2025] [Revised: 05/15/2025] [Accepted: 05/19/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic system featuring two nitrogen heteroatoms at the 1- and 3-positions of the ring. The imidazole scaffold is particularly suited for kinase inhibition concepts. This further confirms that this scaffold is a privileged structure in the development of anticancer drugs. Considering these key factors and the recent focus of scientists on imidazole compounds, we discuss the anticancer activities of imidazole-containing hybrids and related compounds, highlighting articles published in 2023 that serve as a basis for medicinal chemistry leads. From a chemical perspective, the present review emphasizes hybrid molecules with an imidazole ring in the side chain, imidazole-centered hybrid molecules, condensed imidazole hybrids, hybrid compounds containing two or more imidazole rings, polycyclic imidazole hybrids, imidazole-containing metal complexes, and benzimidazole hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarifa Murtazaeva
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan; (Z.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Azizbek Nasrullaev
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan; (Z.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Anvarjon Buronov
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan; (Z.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Shukhrat Gaybullaev
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan; (Z.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Lifei Nie
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Rd 40-1, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.N.); (S.N.)
| | - Sodik Numonov
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Rd 40-1, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.N.); (S.N.)
- Research Institution “Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products”, National Academy of Sciences of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan
| | - Zohidjon Khushnazarov
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan; (Z.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Davron Turgunov
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan; (Z.M.); (R.K.)
| | - Rustamkhon Kuryazov
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan; (Z.M.); (R.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Urgench State University, Kh. Olimjon st. 14, Urgench 220100, Uzbekistan
| | - Jiangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Rd 40-1, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.N.); (S.N.)
| | - Khurshed Bozorov
- Department of Organic Synthesis and Bioorganic Chemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Samarkand State University, University Blvd. 15, Samarkand 140104, Uzbekistan; (Z.M.); (R.K.)
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Rd 40-1, Urumqi 830011, China; (L.N.); (S.N.)
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