Nutritional aspects in Parkinson's disease

Effects of dietary supplements, foods, and dietary patterns in Parkinson's disease: meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized and crossover studies

BACKGROUND

Diet significantly impacts Parkinson's disease (PD) with plausible biological hypotheses. Although the thesis has been explored in several human clinical trials, no current meta-analyses or reviews summarize the results. We examined the effect of intervention of dietary supplements, foods, and dietary patterns in treating PD.

METHODS

We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized and crossover studies published between 1989 and 26 June 2022, searching from PubMed, Embase, Medline, Scopus, Cochrane Library databases, and Chinese databases. Twenty-four studies were included in this review.

RESULTS

The meta-analysis results show that dietary supplements intervention significantly increased the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) [MD = 0.02, 95% CI (0.01, 0.02), p < 0.00001]. Dietary supplement intervention does not significantly affect the total Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score and six-min walk test (6MWT) distance. We did not find evidence that dietary supplements or food intervention may minimize the UPDRS III score. However, systematic review results indicated that the Mediterranean, low-fat, and ketogenic diets significantly reduced the total UPDRS score; low-protein diets meaningfully mitigated motor symptoms.

CONCLUSIONS

This meta-analysis result displays that diet and diet supplements had a very modest but statistically significant impact on QUICKI but no effect on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD. The systematic review concludes that dietary patterns intervention may positively attenuate the overall symptoms of PD, including both motor and non-motor symptoms.

Dietary vitamin E intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study

Objective

Current evidence on the association between dietary vitamin E intake and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) is limited. The aim of the study was to explore the association of dietary vitamin E intake with PD in the United States among adults over 40 years.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study with data collected from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2009 to 2018. A total of the sample of 13,340 participants were included. To identify the different characteristics of the participants, we utilized propensity score matching (PSM) to reduce the effects of selection bias and confounding variables. Weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to examine the association between dietary vitamin E intake and PD before and after matching. Then, restricted cubic spline (RCS) was used to visually describe the possible non-linear relationships. Finally, we employed the subgroup analysis to further investigate the relationship between dietary vitamin E intake and PD.

Results

According to the weighted univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, vitamin E intake was inversely associated with the risk of PD before and after matching. The results of RCS analysis revealed no non-linear inverse relationship between vitamin E intake and PD before and after matching. The subgroup analysis showed that age may influence the negative association between vitamin E and PD (P < 0.05 for interaction).

Conclusion

Among participants over 40 years of age, vitamin E intake was negatively associated with the risk of PD. Our data may support the supplementation of vitamin E to be used as an intervention strategy for the occurrence of PD.

Integrated metabolomics and proteomics analysis of plasma lipid metabolism in Parkinson's disease

INTRODUCTION

Metabolomics and proteomics are two growing fields of science which may shed light on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. Studies focusing on these aspects can reveal specific metabolites and proteins that can halt or reverse the progressive neurodegenerative process leading to dopaminergic cell death in the brain.

AREAS COVERED

In this article, an overview of the current status of metabolomic and proteomic profiling in the neurodegenerative disease such as Parkinson's disease (PD) is presented. We discuss the importance of state-of-the-art metabolomics and proteomics using advanced analytical methodologies and their potential for discovering new biomarkers in PD. We critically review the research to date, highlighting how metabolomics and proteomics can have an important impact on early disease diagnosis, future therapy development and the identification of new biomarkers. Finally, we will discuss interactions between lipids and α-synuclein (SNCA) and also consider the role of SNCA in lipid metabolism.

EXPERT OPINION

Metabolomic and proteomic studies contribute to understanding the biological basis of PD pathogenesis, identifying potential biomarkers and introducing new therapeutic strategies. The complexity and multifactorial nature of this disease requires a comprehensive approach, which can be achieved by integrating just these two omic studies.