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Kikut A, Sanyal M, Vaughn M, Ridley-Merriweather KE, Head K, Salowe R, Lomax-Reese S, Lewis M, Ross AG, Cui QN, Addis V, Sankar PS, Miller-Ellis E, O’Brien JM. Learning from Black/African American Participants: Applying the Integrated Behavioral Model to Assess Recruitment Strategies for a Glaucoma Genetic Study. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:515-524. [PMID: 33345602 PMCID: PMC8213868 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1853897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The underrepresentation of African American (AA) participants in medical research perpetuates racial health disparities in the United States. Open-ended phone interviews were conducted with 50 AA adults from Philadelphia who had previously participated in a genetic study of glaucoma that included complimentary ophthalmic screenings. Recruitment for the genetic study was done in partnership with a Black-owned radio station. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts, guided by the integrated behavior model (IBM), identified self-reported motivations for participating in this care-focused and community-promoted research program. Findings revealed that decisions to enroll were influenced by strong instrumental attitudes regarding learning more about personal health and contributing to future care options for others. Notable normative influences that factored into participants' decisions to enroll in the study included hearing about the study from a respected community media outlet, friends, and family. About one-third of respondents discussed past and current racial discrimination in medical research as an important sociocultural frame within which they thought about participation, suggesting that experiential attitudes play a continuing role in AA's decisions to enroll in medical research studies. Medical researchers seeking to recruit AA participants should collaborate with community partners, combine enrollment opportunities with access to health services, and emphasize the potential for new research to mitigate racial inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Kikut
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mohima Sanyal
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marquis Vaughn
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Katharine Head
- Department of Communication Studies, Indiana
University–Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca Salowe
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Ahmara G. Ross
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Qi N. Cui
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Addis
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Prithvi S. Sankar
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eydie Miller-Ellis
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan M. O’Brien
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology,
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Yousaf M, Hassan Raza S, Mahmood N, Core R, Zaman U, Malik A. Immunity Debt or Vaccination Crisis? A Multi-Method Evidence on Vaccine Acceptance and Media Framing for Emerging COVID-19 Variants. Vaccine 2022; 40:1855-1863. [PMID: 35153094 PMCID: PMC8806129 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renewed COVID-19 outbreaks, stemming from the highly infectious Delta and Omicron variants, prompted rising fears of a ‘pandemic among the unvaccinated’. To address this prevalent vaccination crisis, media framing communication strategies can amplify the scientific evidence on COVID-19 vaccines to reach diverse geographic and socio-economic communities. The critical role of media framing strategies to engage and encourage large populations regarding vaccine acceptance has been rarely studied, despite growing evidence on vaccine hesitancy. The present study used a multi-method approach (i.e., content analysis and quasi-experiments) that unpacked the framing practices employed by the mainstream media in Pakistan. The findings of the content analysis revealed that the media extensively used uncertainty, conflict, consequences, and action rather than new evidence and reassurance frames in its COVID-19 related campaigns. In a series of quasi-experiments involving 720 participants, we manipulated these six frames of COVID-19 related news coverage (i.e., uncertainty, conflict, consequences, action, new evidence, and reassurance) to investigate the underlying mechanism that influences vaccine acceptance. The findings established that the message-consistent effects of media frames manifesting fear (e.g., consequence and uncertainty) and action cues made receivers more supportive of vaccination. The present study findings theoretically address the calls for a more inclusive “community-health reporting model”, besides offering new evidence on the media framing strategies to deliver more targeted, meaningful, and effective campaigns to raise public acceptance for COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yousaf
- Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Hassan Raza
- Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan.
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- Faculty of Education, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad 44310, Pakistan.
| | - Rachel Core
- Sociology & Anthropology Department, Stetson University, DeLand, FL 32723, USA.
| | - Umer Zaman
- Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Jayang-Dong, Dong-gu, Daejeon 34606, South Korea.
| | - Aqdas Malik
- Department of Information Systems, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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Jin Q, Raza SH, Yousaf M, Zaman U, Siang JMLD. Can Communication Strategies Combat COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy with Trade-Off between Public Service Messages and Public Skepticism? Experimental Evidence from Pakistan. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070757. [PMID: 34358173 PMCID: PMC8310328 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic may have reached a turning point as the World Health Organization and the global community of nations step up plans for mass vaccination campaigns. However, the COVID-19 vaccine-related conspiracy theories (e.g., falsehoods about birth control, women infertility, surveillance, and microchip humanity, etc.) have built new momentum for vaccine hesitancy. To this end, several nations worldwide, including Pakistan, are struggling to boost public trust and enthusiasm to get vaccinated, especially in an anxious and complicated atmosphere propelled by multiple, new and the deadliest variants of COVID-19. To address this critical research gap during these intensifying conditions of vaccine hesitancy, the present study makes the first attempt to explore the potential effects of various communication strategies, including public service message (safety benefits versus fear appraisals), media types (i.e., traditional versus digital), self-efficacy, perceived benefits and threats (susceptibility and severity), on the willingness to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Importantly, the underlying effects of public skepticism (in a moderating role) on these relationships were empirically examined. Using four fictitious COVID-19 immunization campaigns in a series of experiments with 2 (media type: traditional vs. digital) X 2 (service attribute: health and safety benefits vs. fear) message frames (represented as Group one to Group four), the findings identified fear appraisal as the most viable communication strategy in combating vaccine hesitancy. Moreover, public skepticism negatively moderated the effects of media types and public service message attributes on willingness to get vaccinated in relatively high (i.e., Group two), moderate (i.e., Group one and four), and low intensities (i.e., Group three). The pioneering findings of this research offer new strategic insights for the global health authorities and vaccine promoters to proactively address the downward spiral of people’s willingness to take the COVID-19 vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Jin
- Intercultural Communication Research Center, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, China;
| | - Syed Hassan Raza
- Department of Communication Studies, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 66000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Yousaf
- Centre for Media and Communication Studies, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan;
| | - Umer Zaman
- Endicott College of International Studies, Woosong University, Daejeon 34606, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Jenny Marisa Lim Dao Siang
- Department of Business Administration, School of Management, National Central University, Taoyuan City 32001, Taiwan;
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Amster R, Reychav I, McHaney R, Zhu L, Azuri J. Credibility of self-reported health parameters in elderly population. Prim Health Care Res Dev 2020; 21:e20. [PMID: 32519636 PMCID: PMC7303794 DOI: 10.1017/s1463423620000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Examining the credibility of self-reported height, weight, and blood pressure by the elderly population using a tablet in a retirement residence, and examining the influence of health beliefs on the self-reporting credibility. BACKGROUND Obesity is a major problem with rising prevalence in the western world. Hypertension is also a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Self-report, remotely from the clinic, becomes even more essential when patients are encouraged to avoid visiting the clinic as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-reporting of height and weight is suspected of leading to underestimation of obesity prevalence in the population; however, it has not been well studied in the elderly population.The Health Belief Model tries to predict and explain decision making of patients based on the patient's health beliefs. METHODS Residents of a retirement home network filled a questionnaire about their health beliefs regarding hypertension and obesity and self-reported their height, weight, and blood pressure. Blood pressure, height, and weight were then measured and compared to the patients' self-reporting. FINDINGS Ninety residents, aged 84.90 ± 5.88, filled the questionnaire. From a clinical perspective, the overall gap between the measured and the self-reported BMI (M = 1.43, SD = 2.72), which represents an absolute gap of 0.74 kilograms and 2.95 centimeters, is expected to have only a mild influence on the physician's clinical evaluation of the patient's medical condition. This can allow the physician to estimate their patient's BMI status before the medical consultation and physical examination upon the patient's self-reporting. Patients' dichotomous (normal/abnormal) self-report of their blood pressure condition was relatively credible: positive predictive value (PPV) of 77.78% for normal blood pressure (BP) and 78.57% for abnormal BP. The relatively high PPV of BP self-reporting demonstrates an option for the physician to recognize patients at risk. Regression analysis found no correlation between the anthropometric parameters and the Health Belief Model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Amster
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ariel University, P.O.B 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Iris Reychav
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ariel University, P.O.B 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Roger McHaney
- Daniel D. Burke Chair for Exceptional Faculty, Professor and University Distinguished Teaching Scholar, Management Information Systems, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS66506, USA
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Industrial Engineering & Management, Ariel University, P.O.B 40700, Ariel, Israel
| | - Joseph Azuri
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv, Israel
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