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Cotter LM, Yang S. Are interactive and tailored data visualizations effective in promoting flu vaccination among the elderly? Evidence from a randomized experiment. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:317-328. [PMID: 37218375 PMCID: PMC10797269 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocad087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although interactive data visualizations are increasingly popular for health communication, it remains to be seen what design features improve psychological and behavioral targets. This study experimentally tested how interactivity and descriptive titles may influence perceived susceptibility to the flu, intention to vaccinate, and information recall, particularly among older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS We created data visualization dashboards on flu vaccinations, tested in a 2 (explanatory text vs none) × 3 (interactive + tailored, static + tailored, static + nontailored) + questionnaire-only control randomized between-participant online experiment (N = 1378). RESULTS The flu dashboards significantly increased perceived susceptibility to the flu compared to the control: static+nontailored dashboard, b = 0.14, P = .049; static-tailored, b = 0.16, P = .028; and interactive+tailored, b = 0.15, P = .039. Interactive dashboards potentially decreased recall particularly among the elderly (moderation by age: b = -0.03, P = .073). The benefits of descriptive text on recall were larger among the elderly (interaction effects: b = 0.03, P = .025). DISCUSSION Interactive dashboards with complex statistics and limited textual information are widely used in health and public health but may be suboptimal for older individuals. We experimentally showed that adding explanatory text on visualizations can increase information recall particularly for older populations. CONCLUSION We did not find evidence to support the effectiveness of interactivity in data visualizations on flu vaccination intentions or on information recall. Future research should examine what types of explanatory text can best support improved health outcomes and intentions in other contexts. Practitioners should consider whether interactivity is optimal in data visualization dashboards for their populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne M Cotter
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sijia Yang
- School of Journalism and Mass Communication University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Friemel TN, Geber S. Social Distancing during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Switzerland: Health Protective Behavior in the Context of Communication and Perceptions of Efficacy, Norms, and Threat. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:779-789. [PMID: 34615412 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1976360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The success of health protection measures depends on public compliance. This paper aims to understand the influence of three different types of communication (i.e., news media, social media, and interpersonal communication) on people's engagement in health protective behavior during a public health crisis. Our C-ENT model of health protective behavior proposes that communication raises perceptions of efficacy, norms, and threat, which in turn influence health protective behavior (communication → efficacy, norms, threat: C-ENT). We test the model for the case of social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a representative online survey during the first week of the lockdown in Switzerland (N = 1005). The results support the C-ENT model and illustrate the important role of communication engagement during a public health crisis. News media use was associated with perceptions of behavior-related efficacy and norms and disease-related threat, and these perceptions were positively associated with compliance with social distancing. Social media use and interpersonal communication were related with perceived norms. Social media use was negatively and interpersonal communication positively associated with health behavior-supporting normative perceptions. Our findings suggest taking the distinct pattern among communication types (i.e., news media, social media, and interpersonal communication), perceptions, and behavior into account in order to understand existing dependencies and design respective communication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Friemel
- Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich
| | - Sarah Geber
- Department of Communication and Media Research, University of Zurich
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3
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Chung M, Jones-Jang SM. Red Media, Blue Media, Trump Briefings, and COVID-19: Examining How Information Sources Predict Risk Preventive Behaviors via Threat and Efficacy. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1707-1714. [PMID: 33890517 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1914386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Upon the growing concern over a massive infodemic and politicization of health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study investigated how individuals' use of partisan media and Trump briefings, along with other information sources, predicts risk preventive behaviors. Drawing on the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), our survey analysis (n= 1,106) revealed that those obtaining COVID-19 information from conservative media and Trump briefings were less likely to believe that COVID-19 is a serious threat (perceived threat) and that recommended preventive behaviors are effective and feasible (perceived efficacy). These beliefs, in turn, resulted in their decreased intentions to adopt risk preventative behaviors. In contrast, those who got COVID-19 information from liberal media, health organizations' briefings, and traditional media reported heightened threat and efficacy perception, which, in turn, led to their willingness to take risk preventive actions.
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Entradas M. In Science We Trust: The Effects of Information Sources on COVID-19 Risk Perceptions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1715-1723. [PMID: 33941007 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1914915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of sources of information on COVID-19 risk perceptions. Using data from a representative sample of the Portuguese population (N = 1,411) collected early in the pandemic, we find that while media sources were more frequently used, scientific sources played a more important role on perceived personal and societal-level risks; higher trust in scientific sources associated with increased risk perceptions (i.e., amplified perceived risk), trust in social media associated with dismissing personal threat (i.e., attenuated perceived risk). These findings suggest that people's relations with science were determinant factors in risk perceptions, and dimensions that measure these deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Entradas
- Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL)
- Department of Psychological and Behavioural Science, London School of Economics and Political Science
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Kim HM, Saffer AJ, Liu W, Sun J, Li Y, Zhen L, Yang A. How Public Health Agencies Break through COVID-19 Conversations: A Strategic Network Approach to Public Engagement. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:1276-1284. [PMID: 33591839 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1886393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In times of public health emergencies, health agencies need to engage and communicate with the public in real-time to share updates and accurate information. This is especially the case for the COVID-19 pandemic where public engagement can potentially save lives and flatten the curve. This paper considers how the use of interactive features and strategic network positions of health agencies on social media influenced their public engagement outcomes. Specifically, we analyzed 203 U.S. public health agencies' Twitter activity and the public engagement they received by extracting data from a large-scale Twitter dataset collected from January 21st to May 31st, 2020. Results show that health agencies' network position in addition to their two-way communication strategy greatly influenced the level of public engagement with their COVID-19 related content on Twitter. Findings highlight the benefits of strategic social media communication of public health agencies resides not only in how agencies use social media but also in their formation of network position to amplify their visibility. As official sources of health and risk information, public health agencies should coordinate their social media communication efforts to strategically position themselves in advantageous network positions to augment public engagement outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Min Kim
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
| | - Adam J Saffer
- Hubbard School of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
| | - Wenlin Liu
- Jack J. Valenti School of Communication, University of Houston
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
| | - Yiqi Li
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
| | - Lichen Zhen
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
| | - Aimei Yang
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California
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6
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Lim JS, Zhang J. Cognitive and Affective Routes to the Adoption of Protective Behaviors Against Health Risks of PM2.5 in China. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022:1-12. [PMID: 35392745 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current research examines how risk appraisals of PM2.5 influence Chinese people's behavioral intentions to adopt government-recommended protective behaviors through negative affect. In testing the appraisal-based protective behavior model, this research also takes institutional trust and media sensationalism into account. An online survey is conducted with participants (N = 1,569) randomly drawn from heavily polluted Chinese regions. As predicted, negative affect mediates the effects of perceived susceptibility and perceived severity on individuals' intentions to take preventive measures against the PM2.5 risk. Institutional trust appears to increase people's behavioral intentions. However, media sensationalism decreases people's behavioral intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Soo Lim
- S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Syracuse University
| | - Jun Zhang
- School of Journalism and Strategic Media, College of Media and Entertainment, Middle Tennessee State University
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7
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van Antwerpen N, Turnbull D, Searston RA. The role of anxiety in mediating the relationship between information consumption and COVID-19 protective behaviours. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2021; 27:2043-2056. [PMID: 34809517 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2021.2008994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns have been raised about an 'infodemic', with information and misinformation being spread across multiple channels and mediums. Information consumption has also been associated with increased anxiety throughout the pandemic. Thus, the present study investigates the mediating role of state anxiety on the relationship between information consumption (defined as mean frequency of information consumption multiplied by number of information sources) and COVID-19 protective behaviours. We compare results across Australian and United States samples and account for personal risk perception and belief in misinformation about COVID-19. Cross-sectional data collected between 28 and 30 April 2020 were analysed using Bayesian structural equation modelling among participants from Australia (N = 201), and the United States (N = 306). State anxiety scores were above the conventional clinical cut-off. Information consumption was positively associated with state anxiety, personal risk perception, and COVID-19 protective behaviours in the Australian and the United States samples. Additionally, the relationship between information consumption and COVID-19 protective behaviours was positively mediated by state anxiety in both nations, suggesting some functional benefits of anxiety. Differences in risk perception and belief in misinformation existed between the Australian and United States sample. Findings provide support for current guidance from organisations such as the WHO, APA, and APS on limiting information consumption to reduce anxiety. To effectively communicate critical public health messaging while minimising potential burdens on mental health, there is a need to develop and test interventions that assist people in calibrating the extent and nature of their information consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Turnbull
- School of Psychology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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8
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Li Y, Guan M, Hammond P, Berrey LE. Communicating COVID-19 information on TikTok: a content analysis of TikTok videos from official accounts featured in the COVID-19 information hub. HEALTH EDUCATION RESEARCH 2021; 36:261-271. [PMID: 33667311 PMCID: PMC7989330 DOI: 10.1093/her/cyab010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, TikTok, an emerging social media platform, has created an information hub to provide users with engaging and authoritative COVID-19 information. This study investigates the video format, type and content of the COVID-19 TikTok videos, and how those video attributes are related to quantitative indicators of user engagement, including numbers of views, likes, comments and shares. A content analysis examined 331 videos from official accounts featured in the COVID-19 information hub. As of 5 May 2020, the videos received 907 930 000 views, 29 640 000 likes, 168 880 comments and 781 862 shares. About one in three videos had subtitles, which were positively related to the number of shares. Almost every video included a hashtag, and a higher number of hashtags was related to more likes. Video types included acting, animated infographic, documentary, news, oral speech, pictorial slideshow and TikTok dance. Dance videos had the most shares. Video themes included anti-stigma/anti-rumor, disease knowledge, encouragement, personal precautions, recognition, societal crisis management and work report. Videos conveying alarm/concern emotions, COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, precaution response efficacy had higher user engagement. Public health agencies should be aware of the opportunity of TikTok in health communication and create audience-centered risk communication to engage and inform community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachao Li
- Department of Communication Studies and Department of Public Health, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA
- Correspondence to: Y. Li. E-mail:
| | - Mengfei Guan
- Department of Communication, University of Arkansas, 417 Kimpel Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Paige Hammond
- Department of Communication Studies and Department of Public Health, The College of New Jersey, 2000 Pennington Rd, Ewing, NJ 08618, USA
| | - Lane E Berrey
- Department of Communication, University of Arkansas, 417 Kimpel Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Islam MR, Sultana MS, Khan AH, Hossain S, Sikder MT, Hasan MT, Li Z. Fear and depressive symptoms amid COVID-19: A cross-sectional pilot study among adult population in Bangladesh. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07395. [PMID: 34189288 PMCID: PMC8225288 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear is a primary emotional reaction to the deadly coronavirus disease which might be an associated factor for developing depressive symptoms. This study aimed to assess the level and associated factors of fear and depression amid the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population of Bangladesh. METHODS After providing informed consent, 1050 participants completed the cross-sectional online survey tool. Depressive symptoms and fear were assessed through the PHQ-9 and validated fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S), respectively. Linear regression analysis was performed to predict potential factors of fear and depression. RESULTS The study finds that females had higher scores for fear of COVID-19 scale (β1' = 1.81; 95% CI: 1.15 to 2.47) and Patient Health Questionnaire (β2' = 1.92; 95% CI: 0.95 to 2.88) than their male counterpart. Respondents considering the virus to be extremely dangerous had higher scores for FCV-19S (β1' = 1.55; 95% CI: 0.66 to 2.44) and PHQ-9 (β2 = 1.59; 95% CI: 0.25 to 2.92). Similarly, respondents considering themselves unsafe and very worried about the virus had increased scores for both FCV-19S and PHQ-9. On other hand, people those were reluctant to use masks (β1' = -1.58; 95% CI: -3.12 to -0.04) or seek doctors' advice (β1' = -0.93; 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.02) if COVID-19 symptoms appear, had comparatively lower scores for FCV-19S. CONCLUSIONS Fear of COVID-19 and depression were found to be associated with some specific knowledge, attitude & preparedness towards COVID-19 which should be adequately addressed in public health strategies to prevent the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Raisul Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst. Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abid Hasan Khan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Tasdik Hasan
- Department of Primary Care and Mental Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Public Health Foundation, Bangladesh
| | - Zezhi Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Awais MA, Chaudhery MM, Khan MS, Butt AUA, Malik AR, Khan MN, Khalid A, Mahmood M, Afzal MT, Waseem MH. Factors contributing to distress among school and college-going adolescents during COVID-19 Lockdown: A cross-sectional study conducted in Sibi Balochistan, Pakistan. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2021; 10:317. [PMID: 34667817 PMCID: PMC8459871 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1313_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries have implemented nationwide lockdowns. While this leads to a decrease in disease transmission, there is a concurrent increase in the levels of psychological distress. To estimate the levels of psychological distress in school- and college-going adolescents currently under lockdown and to determine the factors associated with this psychological distress. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study conducted in Army Public School and College (APSAC) Sibi, Balochistan province of Pakistan between March and May 2020. Students of APSAC Sibi were enrolled in this research. Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Scale, Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire, and Kessler-10 were used for data acquisition. Chi-square and t-tests and univariate analysis (nonparametric test) were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 (IBM, Armonk, US). RESULTS Out of 225 participants, 57.4% were studying at school. Sixty-four percent of the participants were likely to be suffering from psychological distress. There is a significant effect of physical activity, sleep duration, bedtime at night, screen-time duration, and COVID-19 positive family member on the levels of distress. A moderate positive correlation was between psychological distress and bed-time at night (rho[223] = 0.328, P < 0.001) and screen time duration (rho[223] = 0.541, P < 0.001). A moderate negative correlation of physical activity (rho[223] = -0.340, P < 0.001) and a weak negative correlation of sleep duration hours (rho[225] = -0.158, P = 0.018) was found with psychological distress levels. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 lockdown and pandemic have had a considerable psychological impact on both school-going and college-going students, showing increased level of stress. A strong public health campaign along with mental and physical and social support programs are the need of the hour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azam Awais
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Sarfraz Khan
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
- Address for correspondence: Dr. Muhammad Sarfraz Khan, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan. E-mail:
| | - Adam Umair Ashraf Butt
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Abdur Rehman Malik
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Numair Khan
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Areeb Khalid
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Mahmood
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Talal Afzal
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haseeb Waseem
- Department of Medical Education, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan
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Kharshiing KD, Kashyap D, Gupta K, Khursheed M, Shahnawaz MG, Khan NH, Uniyal R, Rehman U. Quality of Life in the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Exploring the Role of Individual and Group Variables. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:70-78. [PMID: 32955670 PMCID: PMC7502651 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of individual variables (COVID-19 anxiety, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, optimistic bias and personal identity) as predictors of quality of life (QoL) during the novel coronavirus or COVID-19 pandemic is explored. Impact of group related variables (identification to family, religious group and nation) on QoL is also examined. Sample comprised 305 male and female Indian respondents, aged 18 to 78 years. Standardized measures have been utilised to assess the constructs. Results revealed that QoL was significantly influenced by individual variables (COVID-19 anxiety and personal identity) and group variables (identification with family and nation). The effect of COVID-19 anxiety and personal identity as individual variables is over and above that of demographic variables on QoL. Group variables (family and national identification) significantly impacted QoL over and above the individual variables. Findings would indeed, aid in the rehabilitation and assistance of people to live in COVID-19 crisis, and thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Drishti Kashyap
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Kaveri Gupta
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Masrat Khursheed
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | | | - Neda Haseeb Khan
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ritika Uniyal
- Department of Psychology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Usama Rehman
- Department of Psychology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 120022, India
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