Essential Oil ofCyclotrichium origanifolium(Labill.) Manden. et Scheng. from Turkey

The biological and therapeutic potentials of Cyclotrichium genus: a systematic review

The genus Cyclotrichium includes nine species that are mainly distributed in Turkey, Lebanon, Iraq, and Iran, and are used in the kitchen, and also in complementary medicine to treat various diseases. During recent years, considerable progress has been made in analyzing their phytochemical composition in parallel with their antimicrobial properties and their therapeutic potentials. This study reviews the present knowledge about investigations on antimicrobial, insecticidal, and anticancer properties of the essential oils and any other purified chemical compounds of the Cyclotrichium species. Various phytochemicals have been isolated from the extracts of the plants of this genus having significant biological and therapeutic potentials. In conclusion, these gathered data strongly support the viewpoint that the species belonging to the genus Cyclotrichium have various biological and pharmaceutical activities to treat various diseases including cancer in addition to the remarkable antimicrobial and insecticidal potential with no or minimal health and environmental hazards.

Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi and its Main Essential Oil Constituent Pulegone: Biological Activities and Chemistry

Medicinal plants play an important role in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, even if their chemical constituents are not always completely recognized. Observations on their use and efficacy significantly contribute to the disclosure of their therapeutic properties. Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi is an aromatic herb with a mint-oregano flavor, used in the Mediterranean areas as a traditional medicine. It has an extensive range of biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, as well as anti-ulcer and insecticidal properties. This study aims to review the scientific findings and research reported to date on Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi that prove many of the remarkable various biological actions, effects and some uses of this species as a source of bioactive natural compounds. On the other hand, pulegone, the major chemical constituent of Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi essential oil, has been reported to exhibit numerous bioactivities in cells and animals. Thus, this integrated overview also surveys and interprets the present knowledge of chemistry and analysis of this oxygenated monoterpene, as well as its beneficial bioactivities. Areas for future research are suggested.

Determination of in vitro antioxidative and antimicrobial properties and total phenolic contents of Ziziphora clinopodioides, Cyclotrichium niveum, and Mentha longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides

The aerial parts of Ziziphora clinopodioides, Cyclotrichium niveum, and Mentha longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides were screened for their possible antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in addition to their penolic contents. Antioxidant activity was employed by two complementary test systems: 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging and beta-carotene/linoleic acid. In the first case, Z. clinopodioides was superior to the other species with a 50% inhibitory concentration value of 37.73 +/- 1.18 microg/mg. Similar results were obtained from the beta-carotene/linoleic acid system. Inhibition capacity of the linoleic acid of Z. clinopodioides was 83.56 +/- 1.19%. Additionally, antioxidant activities of butylated hydroxytoluene, curcumin, and ascorbic acid were determined in parallel experiments. Methanol extracts obtained from the plants studied were found to have moderate antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms tested. In general, Z. clinopodioides extract exhibited stronger activity than the other extracts. On the other hand, Acinetobacter lwoffii and Candida krusei were the most sensitive microorganisms for the all extracts. The amount of the total phenolics was highest in Z. clinopodioides extract (129.55 +/- 2.26 microg/mg), followed by M. longifolia ssp. typhoides var. typhoides (93.47 +/-1.84 microg/mg). It is extremely important to note that there is a positive correlation between antioxidant activity potential and amount of phenolic compounds.

Scavenging effect and antispasmodic activity of the essential oil of Cyclotrichium niveum

The radical scavenging and the spasmolitic activity of Cyclotrichium niveum essential oil were evaluated in vitro. It showed an IC(50) of 1750 microg/ml on DPPH method and dose dependently (0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml) inhibits the contraction induced by carbachol on rabbit bladder from 15 to 100%. Moreover, it was able to inhibit the rat ileum muscle by 30 to 100%.