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Schepetkin IA, Özek G, Özek T, Kirpotina LN, Klein RA, Khlebnikov AI, Quinn MT. Composition and Biological Activity of the Essential Oils from Wild Horsemint, Yarrow, and Yampah from Subalpine Meadows in Southwestern Montana: Immunomodulatory Activity of Dillapiole. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2643. [PMID: 37514257 PMCID: PMC10383985 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Agastache urticifolia (Benth.) Kuntze (horsemint), Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow), and Perideridia gairdneri (Hook. & Arn.) Mathias (yampah) are native, culturally important plants that grow in the subalpine meadows of Montana. Analysis of the composition of essential oils extracted from these plants showed that the main components of essential oils obtained from flowers and leaves of A. urticifolia (designated as AUF/AUL) were menthone (2.7/25.7%), isomenthone (2.6/29.1%), pulegone (78.9/28.8%), and limonene (4.2/6.2%), whereas essential oils obtained from the inflorescence of A. millefolium (designated as AMI) were high in α-thujone (17.1%) and β-thujone (14.9%), 1,8-cineole (17.0%), camphor (13.0%), sabinene (7.0%), guaia-3,9-dien-11-ol (3.2%), and terpinen-4-ol (2.5%). Essential oils obtained from the inflorescence of P. gairdneri (designated as PGI) contained high amounts of dillapiole (30.3%), p-cymen-8-ol (14.1%), terpinolene (12.0%), 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-cyclohex-2-enone (6.2%), and γ-terpinene (2.4%). Evaluation of their immunomodulatory activity demonstrated that essential oils extracted from all of these plants could activate human neutrophils with varying efficacy. Analysis of individual components showed that dillapiole activated human neutrophil intracellular Ca2+ flux ([Ca2+]i) (EC50 = 19.3 ± 1.4 μM), while α-thujone, β-thujone, menthone, isomenthone, and pulegone were inactive. Since dillapiole activated neutrophils, we also evaluated if it was able to down-regulate neutrophil responses to subsequent agonist activation and found that pretreatment with dillapiole inhibited neutrophil activation by the chemoattractant fMLF (IC50 = 34.3 ± 2.1 μM). Pretreatment with P. gairdneri essential oil or dillapiole also inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis induced by fMLF, suggesting these treatments could down-regulate human neutrophil responses to inflammatory chemoattractants. Thus, dillapiole may be a novel modulator of human neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor A Schepetkin
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Gulmira Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Temel Özek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Liliya N Kirpotina
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Robyn A Klein
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | | | - Mark T Quinn
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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Evaluation of detoxification of aflatoxin-b1 by using Ag nanoparticles of oil extracts user prepared by using some medical herbs. HERBA POLONICA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/hepo-2022-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Introduction: Herbs or plants are used for a variety of purposes, including nutrition, medicinal and in the beverage industry, beverages, coloring, food preservatives, insect repellants and cosmetics.
Methods: Many plants were obtained from local markets and the oil was extracted with hexane at a concentration of 75%. Green silver nanoparticles were prepared. The nanoparticles were characterized using various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, UV visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and zeta potential analyzer.
Results: The results showed small, smooth spherical nanoparticles, ranging between 57.41–88.00 nm, as well as the distribution of electric charges evenly on the surface of the nanoparticles, which acquired effective agents for nanoparticles against aflatoxin-b1. The effectiveness of green nanoparticles against aflatoxin-b1 by using high-performance liquid chromatography technology detected its concentration. The standard concentration of aflatoxin-b1 was (20) ppb. The results of the activity of plant oil extracts of T-thyme, rosemary-R, mint-M and eucalyptus-E reached (0.104, 1.586, 1.083 and 1.067) ppb, while it appears in the nanoparticle activity of T, R, M and E were as (0.065, 0.226, 0.377 and 0.702) ppb respectively.
Conclusion: We concluded that green Ag nanoparticles are efficient in processing or eliminating aflatoxin-b1 and can be produced at very low concentrations compared to the concentrations of plant extracts prepared.
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Docrat TF, Abdul NS, Marnewick JL. The phytotherapeutic potential of commercial South African medicinal plants: current knowledge and future prospects. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2022-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
South Africa, a country considered affluent in nature, ranks third in global biodiversity and encompasses approximately 9% of higher plants on planet Earth. Many indigenous plants have been utilised as herbal medicine, proving successful in treating numerous ailments. From the common cold to pandemic maladies such as COVID-19 in the 21st century and the treatment of incurable diseases, South African inhabitants have found great promise in the healing properties of these plants. Phytomedicine is a rapidly evolving topic, with in-depth bioactive composition analysis, identifying therapeutic action mechanisms, and disease prevention. While we are now poised to take advantage of nature’s medicine cabinet with greater scientific vigour, it remains critical that these practises are done with caution. Overharvesting significantly impacts biodiversity and cultivation practices amidst the beautiful nature of these nutraceuticals. This book chapter focuses on the therapeutic potential of commonly used South African medicinal plants, their ethnopharmacological properties, and how we can conserve this treasure cove we call home for future generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen F. Docrat
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Naeem Sheik Abdul
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville , South Africa
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Structures, Occurrences and Biosynthesis of 11,12,13-Tri-nor-Sesquiterpenes, an Intriguing Class of Bioactive Metabolites. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060769. [PMID: 35336651 PMCID: PMC8949605 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The compounds 11,12,13-tri-nor-sesquiterpenes are degraded sesquiterpenoids which have lost the C3 unit of isopropyl or isopropenyl at C-7 of the sesquiterpene skeleton. The irregular C-backbone originates from the oxidative removal of a C3 side chain from the C15 sesquiterpene, which arises from farnesyl diphosphate (FDP). The C12-framework is generated, generally, in all families of sesquiterpenes by oxidative cleavage of the C3 substituent, with the simultaneous introduction of a double bond. This article reviews the isolation, biosynthesis and biological activity of this special class of sesquiterpenes, the 11,12,13-tri-nor-sesquiterpenes.
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Brendler T, Abdel-Tawab M. Buchu (Agathosma betulina and A. crenulata): Rightfully Forgotten or Underutilized? Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:813142. [PMID: 35197854 PMCID: PMC8859318 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.813142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, the term buchu refers to the two species in commerce, Agathosma betulina (P.J.Bergius) Pillans and Agathosma crenulata (L.) Pillans (Rutaceae). Its traditional use in urinary tract infections and related ailments made it a popular remedy, specifically in the US, in 19th century, but with the advent of antibiotics it became largely obsolete. Recent focus is on technological use and on the essential oil for use in the perfume and food-flavouring industry. A review of the scarce pharmacological research revealed moderate antimicrobial activity for a leaf extract but not the essential oil of both species in the MIC assay. In the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) assay the essential oil of both species revealed IC50 values of 50.37 ± 1.87 μg/ml and 59.15 ± 7.44 μg/ml, respectively. In another study 98% inhibitory activity was determined for 250 μg/ml of an ethanolic extract of A. betulina on cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and a 25% inhibitory activity on COX-2. Analgesic activity of an ethanolic extract of A. betulina was shown in mice. Moderate antioxidant activity was determined for methanol:dichlormethane extracts of A. betulina and A. crenulata and an aqueous extract of A. betulina showed a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) of 11.8 µM Trolox. Recent in vitro studies with a commercial aqueous extract of buchu revealed increased uptake of glucose added to 3T3-L1 cell line, significant inhibition of the respiratory burst of neutrophils and monocytes, reduction in the expression of adhesion molecules and inhibition of the release of IL-6 and TNF-α. In diabetic rats the ingestion of aqueous buchu extract completely normalized the glucose level and in rats receiving a high fat diet the consumption of aqueous buchu extract resulted in less weight gain and less intraperitoneal fat gain as well as reduction of elevated blood pressure to normal associated with cardioprotective effects. Limitations in the hitherto conducted research lie in the undisclosed composition of the buchu extracts used and the difficulty in extrapolating data from animal studies to humans. Health claims for buchu products need to be substantiated by randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled studies. Only then can they be promoted for their true therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ, United States
- Traditional Medicinals Inc., Rohnert Park, CA, United States
| | - Mona Abdel-Tawab
- Central Laboratory of German Pharmacists, Eschborn, Germany
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mona Abdel-Tawab,
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Elevated Bioactivity of Ruta graveolens against Cancer Cells and Microbes Using Seaweeds. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cancer and pathogenic microbes cause a significant number of deaths every year. Modulating current sources of natural products that control such diseases becomes essential. Natural algae, such as Ascophyllum nodosum and Ecklonia maxima, can modulate the metabolic processes as well the bioactivities of Ruta graveolens L. The R. graveolens plants were subjected to nine soil drenches of A. nodosum (7 mL L−1), E. maxima (7 mL L−1), or both extracts. Morphological performance, gas exchange parameters, and essential oils (EOs) composition (GC-MS) were studied and the bioactivity was assessed against several cancer cells and pathogenic bacteria or fungi. Treatment with A. nodosum + E. maxima seaweed extracts (SWE) led to the highest morphological performance and gas exchange parameters. The highest antiproliferative, apoptotic, and caspase-3/7 activities of EO were against HeLa in SWE mixture treated plants. The best EO antimicrobial activities were obtained against Staphylococcus aureus and Penicillium ochrochloron. SWE mixtures treated plants showed the best bioactivities against microbes and cancer cells. The highest abundance of 2-undecanone (62%) and 2-nonanone (18%) was found in plants treated with SWE mixtures and caused the best anticancer and antimicrobial effects. Seaweed mixtures act as natural elicitors of pharmaceutical industries and favored 2-undecanone and 2-nonanone in R. graveolens.
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Chiguvare H, Oyedeji OO, Matewu R, Aremu O, Oyemitan IA, Oyedeji AO, Nkeh-Chungag BN, Songca SP, Mohan S, Oluwafemi OS. Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Buchu Plant Extracts and Their Analgesic Properties. Molecules 2016; 21:E774. [PMID: 27314316 PMCID: PMC6272985 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21060774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report for the first time the synthesis and analgesic properties of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using buchu plant extract. The as-synthesised Ag-NPs at different temperatures were characterised by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission transform microscopy (TEM) to confirm the formation of silver nanoparticles. Phytochemical screening of the ethanolic extract revealed the presence of glycosides, proteins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. The absorption spectra showed that the synthesis is temperature and time dependent. The TEM analysis showed that the as-synthesised Ag-NPs are polydispersed and spherical in shape with average particle diameter of 19.95 ± 7.76 nm while the FTIR results confirmed the reduction and capping of the as-synthesised Ag-NPs by the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic extract. The analgesic study indicated that the combined effect of the plant extract and Ag-NPs is more effective in pain management than both the aspirin drug and the extract alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Chiguvare
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Opeoluwa O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Agriculture, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa.
| | - Reuben Matewu
- 1124 Buchanan Street, Ginsburg, King William's Town 5601, Eastern Cape, South Africa.
| | - Olukayode Aremu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive Campus, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | - Idris A Oyemitan
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive Campus, P. Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | - Adebola O Oyedeji
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive Campus, P. Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | - Benedicta N Nkeh-Chungag
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive Campus, P. BagX1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | - Sandile P Songca
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Nelson Mandela Drive Campus, P. Bag X1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.
| | - Sneha Mohan
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Oluwatobi S Oluwafemi
- Centre for Nanomaterials Science Research, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein Campus, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, Gauteng, South Africa.
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Tan KH, Nishida R. Methyl eugenol: its occurrence, distribution, and role in nature, especially in relation to insect behavior and pollination. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2012; 12:56. [PMID: 22963669 PMCID: PMC3500151 DOI: 10.1673/031.012.5601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses the occurrence and distribution (within a plant) of methyl eugenol in different plant species (> 450) from 80 families spanning many plant orders, as well as various roles this chemical plays in nature, especially in the interactions between tephritid fruit flies and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Hong Tan
- Tan Hak Heng, 20, Jalan Tan Jit Seng, 11200 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ritsuo Nishida
- Laboratory of Chemical Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606–8502, Japan
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Miguel G, Cruz C, Faleiro ML, Simões MTF, Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG, Pedro LG. Salvia officinalis L. essential oils: effect of hydrodistillation time on the chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:526-41. [PMID: 21391115 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.499513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Salvia officinalis L. oils were isolated from the plant's commercial dried aerial parts, by hydrodistillation, with different distillation times. The essential oils were analysed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antioxidant ability was measured using a free radical scavenging activity assay using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), a thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay, a deoxyribose assay for the scavenging of hydroxyl radical, an assay for site-specific actions and a 5-lipoxygenase assay. Antibacterial activity was determined by the agar diffusion method. 1,8-Cineole, α-pinene and camphor were the dominant components of all the essential oils. The different hydrodistillation times did not affect the oil yield nor the relative amount of the oil components. The time of hydrodistillation influenced the antioxidant activity. With the DPPH method, the oils isolated for 2 and 3 h were stronger free radical scavengers, while with the TBARS method, the highest antioxidant values were obtained in the oils isolated for 30 min, 2 and 3 h. Hydroxyl radical scavenging and lipoxygenase activity assays showed the best results with oils isolated for 1 and 3 h. With the deoxyribose method, sage oils at concentrations <1000 mg L(-1) showed better activity than mannitol. The essential oil of S. officinalis showed very weak antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Miguel
- Universidade do Algarve, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, DQF, Edifício 8, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Moolla A, Viljoen AM. 'Buchu' -Agathosma betulina and Agathosma crenulata (Rutaceae): a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:413-419. [PMID: 18725278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 07/16/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
South Africa has offered the world two indigenous aromatic plants from which commercially important natural products have been developed: Pelargonium graveolens (and its hybrids) the source of geranium oil and Agathosma betulina, from which 'Buchu' oil is produced. Despite the historical use of 'Buchu' and the commercial interest developed around this coveted indigenous resource the (limited) research has not been coherently assembled. This overview aims to unite aspects on the botany, traditional and modern day uses, chemistry and pharmacological data on 'Buchu' which is undeniably one of South Africa's most renowned botanical assets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moolla
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
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van Vuuren SF. Antimicrobial activity of South African medicinal plants. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 119:462-72. [PMID: 18582553 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper reviews the antimicrobial research undertaken on South African medicinal plants during the period 1997-2008. Antimicrobial methods (disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), bio-autography) are briefly discussed and an analysis of the publications reviewed indicates that the majority of papers use MIC assays for antimicrobial determination. Antimicrobial investigations on extracts are presented where the most active plants are identified from screening publications. A summary of some bioactive compounds are given with data restricted to papers reporting quantitative antimicrobial activity equivalent to or below 200 microg/ml. Antimicrobial activities on the essential oils of indigenous medicinal aromatic plants are also reviewed. An overview is given on what activities (extracts, compounds and oils) should be considered noteworthy for publication. Studies focusing on geographical ethnobotany, specific pathogenesis, formulation aspects and in vivo investigations are examined. Future recommendations to consider include pathogen selection, interactive studies and dosage administrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown 2193, South Africa.
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