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Wakamiya A, Nishinaga T, Komatsu K. 1,2-dithiin annelated with bicyclo[2.2.2]octene frameworks. One-electron and two-electron oxidations and formation of a novel 2,3,5,6-tetrathiabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene radical cation with remarkable stability owing to a strong transannular interaction. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:15038-50. [PMID: 12475348 DOI: 10.1021/ja028297j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A stable derivative of 1,2-dithiin annelated with bicyclo[2.2.2]octene frameworks 4 was synthesized as red crystals by the reaction of a dilithiated dimer of bicyclo[2.2.2]octene with elemental sulfur in 59% yield. The cyclic voltammetry of 4 in CH(2)Cl(2) at -78 degrees C showed two reversible oxidation waves at E(1/2) +0.18 V and +0.72 V versus Fc/Fc(+), indicating that the radical cation and dication of 4 are stable under these conditions. Upon chemical one-electron oxidation of 4 in a rather low concentration (4.0 x 10(-4) M) with a 1.5 equiv of SbCl(5) in CH(2)Cl(2), a radical cation 4.+ was formed, whose spin distribution was determined by ESR spectroscopy and by the results of theoretical calculations (UB3LYP/6-31G). The electronic absorption spectrum of 4.+ in CH(2)Cl(2) exhibited a maximum absorption at 428 nm (epsilon = 2.3 x 10(3)), which was hypsochromically shifted from that of neutral 4 (469 nm). When the radical cation 4.+ was produced in higher concentration (0.06 M) in CH(2)Cl(2), a disproportionation was found to take place to give a SbCl(6)(-) salt of remarkably stable radical cation 5.+ having a novel 2,3,5,6-tetrathiabicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene structure. In the X-ray structure of 5.+SbCl(6)(-), the transannular distance (2.794(3) A) between the sulfur atoms was found to be less than the sum of the van der Waals radii of a sulfur atom (3.70 A), suggesting the existence of a bonding interaction between the two disulfide linkages. The theoretical calculations (UB3LYP/6-31G) suggested that this transannular interaction could be described as the resonance between the limiting structures, each of them having a two-center three-electron bond between two sulfur atoms belonging to two different disulfide linkages: thus, both the spin and positive charge are equally delocalized to the four sulfur atoms, causing a great stabilization of 5.+. On the other hand, the 1,2-dithiin radical cation 4.+ was found to readily react with triplet oxygen with subsequent rearrangement to give the 1,2-dithiolium derivative 6+ having a carboxyl group. Finally, the reaction of 4 with an excess amount of SbF(5) gave the corresponding dication 4(2+), which was found to be a 6pi aromatic system on the basis of the results of NMR measurement and theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Wakamiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Block E, Birringer M, DeOrazio R, Fabian J, Glass RS, Guo C, He C, Lorance E, Qian Q, Schroeder TB, Shan Z, Thiruvazhi M, Wilson GS, Zhang X. Synthesis, Properties, Oxidation, and Electrochemistry of 1,2-Dichalcogenins. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja994134s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Block
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Birringer
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Russell DeOrazio
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jürgen Fabian
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Richard S. Glass
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chuangxing Guo
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Chunhong He
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Edward Lorance
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Quangsheng Qian
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - T. Benjamin Schroeder
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhixing Shan
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohan Thiruvazhi
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - George S. Wilson
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xing Zhang
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
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Glass RS, Gruhn NE, Lichtenberger DL, Lorance E, Pollard JR, Birringer M, Block E, DeOrazio R, He C, Shan Z, Zhang X. Gas-Phase Photoelectron Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of 1,2-Dichalcogenins: Ionization Energies, Orbital Assignments, and an Explanation of Their Color. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9941330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard S. Glass
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Nadine E. Gruhn
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Dennis L. Lichtenberger
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Edward Lorance
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - John R. Pollard
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Marc Birringer
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Eric Block
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Russell DeOrazio
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Chunhong He
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Zhixing Shan
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
| | - Xing Zhang
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, and State University of New York at Albany, Albany, New York 12222
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