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Vine M, Greenwood RM. Cross-group friendship and collective action in community solidarity initiatives with displaced people and resident/nationals. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1042577. [PMID: 37077855 PMCID: PMC10106771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1042577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In Ireland, people seeking asylum (displaced people) receive accommodation in a system called “Direct Provision” (DP) while they wait for their applications for protection to be processed. The living conditions of DP have been described as illegal and inhumane by national and international human rights groups, and the system exacerbates the social exclusion of displaced people. Community responses to DP by displaced people and resident/nationals of Ireland include the creation of informal groups called community solidarity initiatives (CSI), through which cross-group friendships are forged by participation in shared cultural activities. We hypothesized that, compared to non-CSI participants, participants of CSI would report more cross-group friendships, and that more cross-group friendships would predict stronger collective action intentions to support the campaign to end DP, especially among resident/nationals.Methods: We recruited residents/nationals and displaced persons with and without CSI experience to complete a self-report questionnaire (n = 199), measuring cross-group friendship, collective action intentions, and intergroup attitudes. Data were collected between July 2020 and March 2021, using a combination of online and paper surveys. We conducted ANOVA and conditional process analyses on the data to test our hypotheses.Results: As predicted, CSI participants reported more contact with cross-group friends and stronger collective action intentions than non-participators. Conditional process analysis indicated that CSI participation facilitated resident/nationals’ political solidarity with displaced people through cross-group friendship.Discussion: Findings identify the role of group membership in the relationship between contact and collective action for migrant justice, illustrating the potential of CSI to bolster intergroup solidarity and social cohesion through shared activities and cross-group friendship. As such, findings make an important contribution to the literature on intergroup contact, solidarity, and social cohesion, and will be relevant for community practitioners, civil society organisations, NGOs, and policy makers.
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Abstract
In this review, we identify emerging trends in negotiation scholarship that embrace complexity, finding moderators of effects that were initially described as monolithic, examining the nuances of social interaction, and studying negotiation as it occurs in the real world. We also identify areas in which research is lacking and call for scholarship that offers practical advice. All told, the existing research highlights negotiation as an exciting context for examining human behavior, characterized by features such as strong emotions, an intriguing blend of cooperation and competition, the presence of fundamental issues such as power and group identity, and outcomes that deeply affect the trajectory of people's personal and professional lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Boothby
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
| | - Gus Cooney
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
| | - Maurice E Schweitzer
- Department of Operations, Information and Decisions, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; ,
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Iqbal O, Ali Z, Azam A. Exploring the underlying mechanism between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1069012. [PMID: 36591040 PMCID: PMC9798203 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1069012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drawing on the assumptions of approach/inhibition theory of power and conservation of resource of theory, this study aims to empirically explore the relationship between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding. To explicate the relationship, this study examines the mediating role of self-serving behavior and moderating role of personal competitiveness. Methods To evaluate the relationships, a moderated-mediation model is devised and tested. Data is collected through a web-based questionnaire from 194 individuals employed in both manufacturing and service sector firms of Pakistan. Multiple statistical software packages are used to analyze the data. Results After employing several statistical techniques, the findings of the study suggest that self-serving behavior fully mediates the link between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding. Moreover, the result of two-way interaction reveals that personal competitiveness further amplifies the indirect relationship between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding through self-serving behavior. Discussion The present study is one of those few types that investigates and uncovers the hidden links between fear of losing power and knowledge hiding. Lastly, theoretical, and practical implications along with future research directions are discussed.
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Pehar L, Čorkalo Biruški D, Jelić M. Longitudinal effects of direct and extended intergroup contact in multi-ethnic communities in Croatia. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/13684302221138340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the reciprocal longitudinal associations between different measures of direct and extended intergroup contact and various intergroup outcomes among majority and minority adolescents from four intergroup contexts in the Republic of Croatia. The research was carried out in two waves on a sample of 1,150 elementary and high school students, members of Croatian majority, and Serbian, Hungarian, Czech, and Italian minority. Cross-lagged path analysis revealed that direct contacts predict less social distance and more prosocial behavior, while extended contacts predict lower ingroup bias over time. However, we found even more effects in the reversed temporal direction. Lower initial bias and social distance, as well as greater prosocial behavior predicted more direct and extended contacts over time. Furthermore, none of the examined longitudinal associations differed between majority and minority members or across the four intergroup contexts.
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Fourie MM, Moore-Berg SL. We cannot empathize with what we do not recognize: Perceptions of structural versus interpersonal racism in South Africa. Front Psychol 2022; 13:838675. [PMID: 36248600 PMCID: PMC9555212 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.838675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests holding a structural, rather than interpersonal, understanding of racism is associated with greater impetus to address racial disparities. We believe greater acknowledgment of structural racism also functions to mitigate against empathic failures in response to structural injustices. Given South Africa’s situatedness as a country characterized by historical racialized oppression and continuing unjust legacies, it is appropriate to examine these ideas there. Across three studies, we tested the hypotheses that members of advantaged groups’ perspective taking and empathic concern may be compromised in response to people challenging the unequal status quo, and that a priori perceptions about the impact of structural (vs interpersonal) racism may mitigate or exacerbate such empathic failures. In Study 1, a national sample of White South Africans (n = 195) endorsed perceptions of interpersonal racism more readily than perceptions of structural racism, and expressed high levels of competitive victimhood for perceived anti-White structural racism. Studies 2 (n = 138) and 3 (n = 85) showed that White participants at a historically White university responded with impaired perspective taking and intergroup empathy bias in response to people challenging structural disparities. Finally, reduced recognition of continuing structural racism predicted greater intergroup empathy bias, which, in turn, was associated with reduced willingness to engage in intergroup discussions about past harm (Study 3). We propose that greater acknowledgment of structural racism is necessary not only to surmount intergroup empathic failures, but also to transcend the socioeconomically unequal legacies of apartheid and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike M. Fourie
- Centre for the Study of the Afterlife of Violence and the Reparative Quest, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Melike M. Fourie,
| | - Samantha L. Moore-Berg
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Fourie MM, Verwoerd WJ. COVID-19 as Natural Intervention: Guilt and Perceived Historical Privilege Contributes to Structural Reform Under Conditions of Crisis. AFFECTIVE SCIENCE 2021; 3:34-45. [PMID: 34608456 PMCID: PMC8481112 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-021-00073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has been described as an unmasking of persistent racialized inequalities linked to South Africa’s oppressive past. However, such observations lack empirical support. Here we examined whether COVID-19 lockdown conditions encouraged greater perceptions of continuing structural racism together with motivational and behavioral support for social justice, and whether guilt or empathic concern undergirded such responses. A national sample of White South Africans’ data suggests that the pandemic served as a natural intervention, fostering greater acknowledgement of structural racism and support for redress through increased awareness of historical privilege and guilt in response to Black hardship. Guilt furthermore predicted a social justice motivation in relief efforts, whereas empathic concern predicted only charity motivation. These results suggest that “White guilt” is more consequential than empathic concern in contributing to structural reform but would require longer-term processes to support the translation of its motivational push into sustainable contributions to social justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike M Fourie
- Studies in Historical Trauma and Transformation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
| | - Wilhelm J Verwoerd
- Studies in Historical Trauma and Transformation, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600 South Africa
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Reifen-Tagar M, Saguy T. Early Sociopolitical Development Matters for Inequality: SDO and the Gender Gap in Leadership. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2021.1930798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Reifen-Tagar
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Tamar Saguy
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
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Saguy T, Reifen-Tagar M, Joel D. The gender-binary cycle: the perpetual relations between a biological-essentialist view of gender, gender ideology, and gender-labelling and sorting. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200141. [PMID: 33612000 PMCID: PMC7934953 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender inequality is one of the most pressing issues of our time. A core factor that feeds gender inequality is people's gender ideology-a set of beliefs about the proper order of society in terms of the roles women and men should fill. We argue that gender ideology is shaped, in large parts, by the way people make sense of gender differences. Specifically, people often think of gender differences as expressions of a predetermined biology, and of men and women as different 'kinds'. We describe work suggesting that thinking of gender differences in this biological-essentialist way perpetuates a non-egalitarian gender ideology. We then review research that refutes the hypothesis that men and women are different 'kinds' in terms of brain function, hormone levels and personality characteristics. Next, we describe how the organization of the environment in a gender-binary manner, together with cognitive processes of categorization drive a biological-essentialist view of gender differences. We then describe the self-perpetuating relations, which we term the gender-binary cycle, between a biological-essentialist view of gender differences, a non-egalitarian gender ideology and a binary organization of the environment along gender lines. Finally, we consider means of intervention at different points in this cycle. This article is part of the theme issue 'The political brain: neurocognitive and computational mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Saguy
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Michal Reifen-Tagar
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Daphna Joel
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Lloyd EP, Hugenberg K. Beyond bias: response bias and interpersonal (in)sensitivity as a contributors to race disparities. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2020.1820699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Paige Lloyd
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver 80210, USA
| | - Kurt Hugenberg
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA
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Kteily NS, McClanahan KJ. Incorporating insights about intergroup power and dominance to help increase harmony and equality between groups in conflict. Curr Opin Psychol 2020; 33:80-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Van Laar C, Meeussen L, Veldman J, Van Grootel S, Sterk N, Jacobs C. Coping With Stigma in the Workplace: Understanding the Role of Threat Regulation, Supportive Factors, and Potential Hidden Costs. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1879. [PMID: 31507478 PMCID: PMC6718612 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite changes in their representation and visibility, there are still serious concerns about the inclusion and day-to-day workplace challenges various groups face (e.g., women, ethnic and cultural minorities, LGBTQ+, people as they age, and those dealing with physical or mental disabilities). Men are also underrepresented in specific work fields, in particular those in Health care, Elementary Education, and the Domestic sphere (HEED). Previous literature has shown that group stereotypes play an important role in maintaining these inequalities. We outline how insights from research into stigma, social identity, and self-regulation together increase our understanding of how targets are affected by and regulate negative stereotypes in the workplace. This approach starts from the basis that members of negatively stereotyped groups are not just passive recipients of negative attitudes, stereotypes, and behaviors but are active individuals pursuing multiple goals, such as goals for belonging and achievement. We argue that it is only by understanding stigma from the target’s perspective (e.g., how targets are affected and respond) that we can successfully address workplace inequality. Key in this understanding is that stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination have taken on much more subtle forms, with consequences for the way members of stigmatized groups cope. These insights lead us to propose an approach to understanding barriers to workplace equality that highlights four key aspects: (1) the different (often subtle) potential triggers of identity threat in the workplace for members of stigmatized groups; (2) the ways in which members of stigmatized groups cope with these threats; (3) the role of supportive factors that mitigate potential threats and affect self-regulation; and (4) potential hidden costs for the self or others of what appears at first to be effective self-regulation. The focus on threats, coping, support, and potential hidden costs helps us understand why current diversity efforts are not always successful in increasing and maintaining members of stigmatized groups in organizations and provides insight into how we can aid efforts to effectively lower barriers to workplace equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette Van Laar
- Department of Psychology, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Loes Meeussen
- Department of Psychology, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jenny Veldman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sanne Van Grootel
- Department of Psychology, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Naomi Sterk
- Department of Psychology, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catho Jacobs
- Department of Psychology, Center for Social and Cultural Psychology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Linguistics, Multimodality, Interaction and Discourse, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Wisse B, Rus D, Keller AC, Sleebos E. “Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it”: the combined effects of leader fear of losing power and competitive climate on leader self-serving behavior. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF WORK AND ORGANIZATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/1359432x.2019.1635584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Wisse
- Psychology Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Management and Marketing, Durham University, Durham University Business School, Durham, UK
| | - Diana Rus
- Psychology Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita C. Keller
- Psychology Department, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ed Sleebos
- Department of Organization Sciences, Vu University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Paolini S, Harwood J, Hewstone M, Neumann DL. Seeking and avoiding intergroup contact: Future frontiers of research on building social integration. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Paolini
- School of Psychology The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
| | - Jake Harwood
- Department of Communication University of Arizona Tucson Arizona
| | - Miles Hewstone
- School of Psychology The University of Newcastle Callaghan New South Wales Australia
- Department of Experimental Psychology University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - David L. Neumann
- School of Applied Psychology Griffith University Southport Queensland Australia
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Anisman-Razin M, Kark R, Saguy T. “Putting gender on the table”: Understanding reactions to women who discuss gender inequality. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430217744648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Even though gender inequality remains an important challenge across societies, many believe it to be long gone (Marken, 2016). Thus, it is essential to publicly address issues related to gender inequality as a first step towards advancing change in this domain. However, those who address gender inequality may encounter personal costs. In the current research, we examined reactions to women who “put gender on the table.” In Study 1 ( N = 202), men who were exposed to a woman who raised the issue of gender inequality (vs. age inequality or a neutral topic), had more negative attitudes towards both her and gender equality. In Study 2, ( N = 233), women high on feminist identification were more positive toward a woman who discussed gender inequality (vs. other topics), whereas women low on feminist identification were more negative toward both her and the issue. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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Weng S. Internet Political Participation and Public Agenda-Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE 2018. [DOI: 10.4018/ijpada.2018070105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There are growing calls for social network analysis methods to be more extensively deployed in governance practice and research. This article develops a formal framework for whether and how netizens change the model of public agenda setting through internet political participation. Drawing on the case of “PX Event in Zhangzhou,” this article aims to explore the social network structure in the process of micro-blog public opinion diffusion in public agendas based on SNA. By introducing the relevant theories into the research of public agenda setting, and focusing on the practice by which local governments do urban governance under the environment of internet political participation, the analysis reveals that the new whole network structure based on new media changes the action of social actors, in which consistently the mode of public agenda-setting is transformed from the traditional one-way to the interactive-way. This article extends the existing research discourse domain of public agenda setting and government response, further generalize the “Queen Bee mode” of government response.
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MacInnis CC, Hodson G. Extending the benefits of intergroup contact beyond attitudes: When does intergroup contact predict greater collective action support? JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jts5.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Saguy T. Downside of Intergroup Harmony? When Reconciliation Might Backfire and What to Do. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2372732217747085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
For decades, reconciliation efforts have relied on models of cooperative and positive interactions between members of groups in conflict. Such interactions do improve attitudes and emotions across group lines—outcomes considered pivotal for promoting more harmonious, less conflictual, relations between groups. More recently, research has begun to reveal “a darker side” of such positive interactions: Harmony between groups might sustain existing power structures and, in the long run, even exacerbate, rather than attenuate, intergroup conflict. This work offers recommendations for how to overcome the barriers associated with intergroup harmony. Policy should consider power-related processes when attempting to optimally design reconciliation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Saguy
- Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
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Vezzali L, Andrighetto L, Capozza D, Di Bernardo GA, Saguy T. Discussing differences between groups: The content of intergroup encounters and motivation for social change among members of advantaged groups. JOURNAL OF THEORETICAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jts5.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kteily NS, Hodson G, Dhont K, Ho AK. Predisposed to prejudice but responsive to intergroup contact? Testing the unique benefits of intergroup contact across different types of individual differences. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430217716750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent research demonstrates that intergroup contact effectively reduces prejudice even among prejudice-prone persons. But some assert that evidence regarding the benefits of contact among prejudice-prone individuals is “mixed,” particularly for those higher in social dominance orientation (SDO), one of the field’s most important individual differences. Problematically, person variables are typically considered in isolation despite being intercorrelated, leaving the question of which unique psychological aspects of prejudice proneness (e.g., authoritarianism, antiegalitarianism, cognitive style) are responsive to intergroup contact unresolved. To address this shortcoming, in a large sample of White Americans ( N = 465) we simultaneously examined the contact–attitude association at varying levels of ideological (SDO, right-wing authoritarianism), cognitive style (need for closure), and identity-based (group identification) indicators of prejudice proneness. Examining a broad range of intergroup criterion measures (e.g., racism, support for racial profiling) we reveal that greater contact quality is associated with lower levels of intergroup hostility for those both lower and higher on a variety of indicators of prejudice proneness, simultaneously considered.
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Noor M, Vollhardt JR, Mari S, Nadler A. The social psychology of collective victimhood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Marshburn CK, Knowles ED. White out of mind: Identity suppression as a coping strategy among Whites anticipating racially charged interactions. GROUP PROCESSES & INTERGROUP RELATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1368430216681178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Discussing racial issues often makes Whites anxious, particularly when their conversation partners are Black. We theorized that Whites seek to avoid anxiety by suppressing thoughts of White identity prior to such interactions. In Study 1, White participants expected to discuss a race-related or nonracial topic with a Black or White partner. An Implicit Association Test (IAT) measured subsequent changes in the activation of participants’ White identities (i.e., self–White associations). The prospect of discussing race-related (vs. nonracial) topics with a Black partner reduced participants’ self–White associations, implying identity suppression. Moreover, participants’ nonverbal responses suggest that identity suppression functioned to mute participants’ anxiety. In Study 2, participants completed the identity activation measure only after learning that they would not interact with a partner. Consistent with “rebound” effects known to follow suppression, participants who previously expected to discuss a race-related topic with a Black partner showed heightened self–White associations.
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Kteily NS, Richeson JA. Perceiving the World Through Hierarchy-Shaped Glasses: On the Need to Embed Social Identity Effects on Perception Within the Broader Context of Intergroup Hierarchy. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2016.1215212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fiske ST, Dupree CH, Nicolas G, Swencionis JK. Status, Power, and Intergroup Relations: The Personal Is the Societal. Curr Opin Psychol 2016; 11:44-48. [PMID: 27453923 PMCID: PMC4955850 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hierarchies in the correlated forms of power (resources) and status (prestige) are constants that organize human societies. This article reviews relevant social psychological literature and identifies several converging results concerning power and status. Whether rank is chronically possessed or temporarily embodied, higher ranks create psychological distance from others, allow agency by the higher ranked, and exact deference from the lower ranked. Beliefs that status entails competence are essentially universal. Interpersonal interactions create warmth-competence compensatory tradeoffs. Along with societal structures (enduring inequality), these tradeoffs reinforce status-competence beliefs. Race, class, and gender further illustrate these dynamics. Although status systems are resilient, they can shift, and understanding those change processes is an important direction for future research, as global demographic changes disrupt existing hierarchies.
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Vollhardt JR, Sinayobye Twali M. Emotion-Based Reconciliation Requires Attention to Power Differences, Critical Consciousness, and Structural Change. PSYCHOLOGICAL INQUIRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1047840x.2016.1160762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Becker JC, Tausch N. A dynamic model of engagement in normative and non-normative collective action: Psychological antecedents, consequences, and barriers. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2015.1094265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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26
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Chow RM, Knowles ED. Taking Race Off the Table. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2015; 42:25-39. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167215611637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whites are theorized to support color-blind policies as an act of racial agenda setting—an attempt to defend the existing hierarchy by excluding race from public and institutional discourse. The present analysis leverages work distinguishing between two forms of social dominance orientation (SDO): passive opposition to equality (SDO-E) and active desire for dominance (SDO-D). We hypothesized that agenda setting, as a subtle hierarchy-maintenance strategy, would be uniquely tied to high levels of SDO-E. When made to believe that the hierarchy was under threat, Whites high in SDO-E increased their endorsement of color-blind policy (Study 1), particularly when the racial hierarchy was framed as ingroup advantage (Study 2), and became less willing to include race as a topic in a hypothetical presidential debate (Study 3). Across studies, Whites high in SDO-D showed no affinity for agenda setting as a hierarchy-maintenance strategy.
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Greijdanus H, Postmes T, Gordijn EH, van Zomeren M. Steeling Ourselves: Intragroup Communication while Anticipating Intergroup Contact Evokes Defensive Intergroup Perceptions. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131049. [PMID: 26098741 PMCID: PMC4476566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments investigated the role of intragroup communication in intergroup conflict (de-)escalation. Experiment 1 examined the effects of intragroup communication (vs. individual thought) and anticipated face-to-face intergroup contact (vs. no anticipated face-to-face intergroup contact). The group discussions of stigmatized group members who anticipated face-to-face intergroup contact revolved more around intergroup hostility. This boosted ingroup identification and increased social creativity but also led to steeling (a hardening of perceived intergroup relations). In Experiment 2, new participants listened to the taped group discussions. The discussions of groups anticipating face-to-face intergroup contact evoked more intergroup anxiety-related discomfort than discussions of groups not anticipating face-to-face intergroup encounters. Together, these results support the idea that steeling is a defensive reaction to prepare for an anxiety-arousing intergroup confrontation. Although steeling is also associated with positive consequences such as increased ingroup solidarity and social creativity, this hardened stance may be an obstacle to conflict de-escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedy Greijdanus
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Postmes
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernestine H Gordijn
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn van Zomeren
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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