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Fan Y, Ren X, Liu X, Shi D, Xu E, Wang S, Liu Y. Combined detection of CA15-3, CEA, and SF in serum and tissue of canine mammary gland tumor patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6651. [PMID: 33758208 PMCID: PMC7988110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the levels and clinical diagnosis value of CA15-3, CEA, and SF in canine mammary gland tumors (CMGTs). In this study, the levels of tissues/serum CA15-3, CEA, and SF in 178 CMGT patients or healthy dogs were determined by ELISA and qRT-PCR assay. CA15-3, CEA, and SF levels of the malignant tumor group were significantly higher than that of the benign tumor group and the healthy control group. In the malignant tumor group, CA15-3 held a sensitivity of 51.8%, a specificity of 93.9%, and an accuracy of 76.8%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CEA were 44.6%, 84.1%, and 68.1% respectively. SF held a sensitivity of 62.5%, a specificity of 85.4%, and an accuracy of 76.1%. SF showed the highest sensitivity and CA15-3 showed the highest specificity. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the combined detection of the three biomarkers in malignant tumor groups were 80.4%, 78.0%, and 80.0%, respectively, therefore combined detection increased sensitivity and accuracy but decreased specificity. In conclusion, the combined detection of serum/tissue markers CA15-3, CEA, and SF may improve the detection sensitivity of CMGTs, providing reference value for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Fan
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Ren
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, 161000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Shi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, People's Republic of China
| | - Enshuang Xu
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Rensi N, Sammarco A, Moccia V, Calore A, Torrigiani F, Prosperi D, Rizzuto MA, Bellini M, De Maria R, Bonsembiante F, Ferro S, Zanetti R, Zappulli V, Cavicchioli L. Evaluation of TFR-1 Expression in Feline Mammary Cancer and In Vitro Antitumor Efficacy Study of Doxorubicin-Loaded H-Ferritin Nanocages. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13061248. [PMID: 33809013 PMCID: PMC8000254 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Transferrin receptor one (TFR-1), recognized by ferritin, is overexpressed in many tumor cells. This feature has been exploited to produce a selective overload of drugs within tumor cells by creating an engineered ferritin nanocage loaded with doxorubicin (HFn(DOX)). This bionanotechnology has been tested in human cancer, but there are no studies in veterinary oncology. This work, after evaluating the expression of TFR-1 in feline tumors, demonstrated for the first time the effectiveness in vitro of this nanocage in animals. These results confirm that engineered bionanocages also offer unprecedented opportunities for animal cancer to be applied in veterinary medicine and in comparative studies including spontaneous animal models of cancer. Abstract The transferrin receptor 1 (TFR-1) has been found overexpressed in a broad range of solid tumors in humans and is, therefore, attracting great interest in clinical oncology for innovative targeted therapies, including nanomedicine. TFR-1 is recognized by H-Ferritin (HFn) and has been exploited to allow selective binding and drug internalization, applying an HFn nanocage loaded with doxorubicin (HFn(DOX)). In veterinary medicine, the role of TFR-1 in animal cancers remains poorly explored, and no attempts to use TFR-1 as a target for drug delivery have been conducted so far. In this study, we determined the TFR-1 expression both in feline mammary carcinomas during tumor progression, as compared to healthy tissue, and, in vitro, in a feline metastatic mammary cancer cell line. The efficacy of HFn(DOX) was compared to treatment with conventional doxorubicin in feline mammary cancer cells. Our results highlighted an increased TFR-1 expression associated with tumor metastatic progression, indicating a more aggressive behavior. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the use of HFn(DOX) resulted in less proliferation of cells and increased apoptosis when compared to the drug alone. The results of this preliminary study suggest that the use of engineered bionanocages also offers unprecedented opportunities for selective targeted chemotherapy of solid tumors in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Rensi
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Alessandro Calore
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Filippo Torrigiani
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Davide Prosperi
- NanoBiolab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (D.P.); (M.A.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Rizzuto
- NanoBiolab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (D.P.); (M.A.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Michela Bellini
- NanoBiolab, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy; (D.P.); (M.A.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Raffaella De Maria
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Turin, Italy;
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Rossella Zanetti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020 Padua, Italy; (A.S.); (V.M.); (A.C.); (F.T.); (F.B.); (S.F.); (R.Z.); (V.Z.); (L.C.)
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