Programmed cell death 1 and programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in invasive breast carcinoma using CAL10 and NAT105 immunostaining

Prognostic modeling of disulfidptosis gene-associated lncRNAs aids in identifying the tumor microenvironment and guiding the selection of therapy

INTRODUCTION

Gliomas, a type of malignant tumor, are marked by a short survival period and an unfavorable prognosis. Disulfide stress, which arises from an overabundance of intracellular cystine, can initiate disulfidoptosis, an emerging form of cell death. The link between gliomas and disulfidoptosis has not been extensively explored. This study breaks new ground by investigating the correlation between glioma prognosis and lncRNAs associated with disulfidoptosis, with the aim of improving glioma treatment strategies.

METHODS

We analyzed 10 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) co-expressed with disulfidoptosis genes, retrieved clinical information and gene expression profiles from glioma and normal groups in the TCGA database, and developed a prognostic model for lncRNAs based on this data. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate and validate the model's reliability. Furthermore, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve was employed to assess the disparity in overall survival (OS) among patients with varying risk scores. We also examined the tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and OncoPredict in samples with differing risk scores. To confirm the expression variations of genes associated with prognostic models in cell lines, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed.

RESULTS

Eleven long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were identified for constructing prognostic models by analyzing lncRNAs associated with disulfidoptosis genes using Cox regression and LASSO regression analyses. The study's findings indicate that these 11 key lncRNAs serve as independent predictors of overall survival (OS) in glioma patients. Moreover, the frequency with which patients of varying risk scores opt for immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy and chemotherapy not only differs but also their responses to these treatments are significantly distinct, suggesting that the risk score could be a predictive factor for treatment response.

CONCLUSIONS

This research sheds light on the characteristics of disulfidoptosis in glioma, revealing that patterns of disulfidoptosis in patients can be effectively assessed using a risk score. Consequently, the judicious application of this prognostic model can significantly inform clinical treatment strategies and precision medicine for glioma, potentially improving patient outcomes.

Dawn era for revisited cancer therapy by innate immune system and immune checkpoint inhibitors

Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer. However, it shows limited efficacy against certain tumor types. The activation of innate immunity can suppress tumors by mitigating inflammatory and malignant behaviors through immune surveillance. The tumor microenvironment, which is composed of immune cells and cancer cells, plays a crucial role in determining the outcomes of immunotherapy. Relying solely on immune checkpoint inhibitors is not an optimal approach. Instead, there is a need to consider the use of a combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors with other modulators of the innate immune system to improve the tumor microenvironment. This can be achieved through methods such as immune cell antigen presentation and recognition. In this review, we delve into the significance of innate immune cells in tumor regression, as well as the role of the interaction of tumor cells with innate immune cells in evading host immune surveillance. These findings pave the way for the next chapter in the field of immunotherapy.