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Albeshri ZS, Youssef EF. The Immediate Effect of Kinesio Tape on Hamstring Muscle Length and Strength in Female University Students: A Pre-post Experimental Study. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2023; 11:73-80. [PMID: 36909004 PMCID: PMC9997865 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_585_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Kinesio tape has been proposed to improve the muscle extensibility. However, there are contradictory results in the literature. Objective To investigate the effect of Kinesio tape on hamstring muscle lengthening and on hamstring and quadriceps muscle strengthening in university students with hamstring muscle tightness. Methods In this pre-post experimental study, 96 female students with hamstring muscle tightness were recruited from Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, and randomly assigned to Kinesio tape, sham tape, or control groups (32 in each group). The inhibition technique was used for the Kinesio tape application, with the tape being applied from the muscle insertion to the origin. Measurements were taken before and 15 min after the intervention. Outcome measurements included active knee extension test to measure the hamstring muscle length, and isometric strength measurements of hamstring and quadriceps muscles using a handheld dynamometer. Results A significant increase in the immediate hamstring muscle length was found in both the Kinesio (P = 0.001) and sham (P = 0.004) tape groups, while no difference was noted in the control group (P = 0.066). The muscle lengthening was significantly greater in the Kinesio tape group than the sham tape (P = 0.001) and control (P = 0.001) groups. There was no difference in the pre- and post-measurements in the quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths in all three groups. Conclusions These results demonstrate that applying Kinesio tape has an immediate effect on hamstring muscle extensibility, but has no effect on the quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths. ClinicalTrialsgov identifier NCT number NCT03076840.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Saeed Albeshri
- Department of Physiotherapy, Safwa General Hospital, Safwa, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Fawzy Youssef
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Orthopedic Disorders and Surgeries, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Gao S, Ottino JM, Umbanhowar PB, Lueptow RM. Percolation of a fine particle in static granular beds. Phys Rev E 2023; 107:014903. [PMID: 36797949 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.107.014903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We study the percolation of a fine spherical particle under gravity in static randomly packed large-particle beds with different packing densities ϕ and large to fine particle size ratios R ranging from 4 to 7.5 using discrete element method simulations. The particle size ratio at the geometrical trapping threshold, defined by three touching large particles, R_{t}=sqrt[3]/(2-sqrt[3])=6.464, divides percolation behavior into passing and trapping regimes. However, the mean percolation velocity and diffusion of untrapped fine particles, which depend on both R and ϕ, are similar in both regimes and can be collapsed over a range of R and ϕ with the appropriate scaling. An empirical relationship for the local percolation velocity based on the local pore throat to fine particle size ratio and packing density is obtained, which is valid for the full range of size ratio and packing density we study. Similarly, in the trapping regime, the probability for a fine particle to reach a given depth is well described by a simple statistical model. Finally, the percolation velocity and fine particle diffusion are found to decrease with increasing restitution coefficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Julio M Ottino
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Paul B Umbanhowar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Richard M Lueptow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO), Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Bobrovnikov M, Chai JT, Dinov ID. Interactive Visualization and Computation of 2D and 3D Probability Distributions. SN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2022; 3:327. [PMID: 37483660 PMCID: PMC10361712 DOI: 10.1007/s42979-022-01206-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Mathematical modeling, probability estimation, and statistical inference represent core elements of modern artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for data-driven prediction, forecasting, classification, risk-estimation, and prognosis. Currently there are many tools that help calculate and visualize univariate probability distributions, however, very few resources venture beyond into multivariate distributions, which are commonly used in advanced statistical inference and AI decision-making. This article presents a new web-calculator that enables some calculation and visualization of bivariate and trivariate probability distributions. Methods Several methods are explored to compute the joint bivariate and trivariate probability densities, including the optimal multivariate modeling using Gaussian copula. We developed an interactive webapp to visually illustrate the parallels between the mathematical formulation, computational implementation, and graphical depiction of multivariate probability density and cumulative distribution functions. To ensure the interface and functionality are hardware platform independent, scalable, and functional, the app and its component widgets are implemented using HTML5 and JavaScript. Results We validated the webapp by testing the multivariate copula models under different experimental conditions and inspecting the performance in terms of accuracy and reliability of the estimated multivariate probability densities and distribution function values. Conclusion This article demonstrates the construction, implementation, and utilization of multivariate probability calculators. The proposed webapp implementation is freely available online (https://socr.umich.edu/HTML5/BivariateNormal/BVN2/) and can be used to assist with education and research of a diverse array of data scientists, STEM instructors, and AI learners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bobrovnikov
- Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA https://socr.umich.edu
| | - Jared Tianyi Chai
- Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA https://socr.umich.edu
| | - Ivo D. Dinov
- Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR) University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA https://socr.umich.edu
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Tan Y, Shi Y, Tuba M. On Assessing the Temporal Characteristics of Reaching the Milestone by a Swarm. LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE 2020. [PMCID: PMC7354796 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-53956-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhui Shi
- Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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Lee YH, Marsic I. Object motion detection based on passive UHF RFID tags using a hidden Markov model-based classifier. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2018; 21:65-74. [PMID: 30505681 PMCID: PMC6261385 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an object motion detection system using backscattered signal strength of passive UHF RFID tags as a sensor for providing information on the movement and identity of work objects-important cues for activity recognition. For using the signal strength for accurate detection of object movement we propose a novel Markov model with continuous observations, RSSI preprocessor, frame-based data segmentation, and motion-transition finder. We use the change of backscattered signal strength caused by tag's relocation to reliably detect movement of tagged objects. To maximize the accuracy of movement detection, an HMM-based classifier is designed and trained for dynamic settings, and the frequency of transitions between stationary/moving states that is characteristic for different object types. We deployed a RFID system in a hospital trauma bay and evaluated our approach with data recorded in the trauma room during 28 simulated resuscitations performed by trauma teams. Our motion detection system shows 89.5% accuracy in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rutgers University, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ivan Marsic
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Rutgers University, 94 Brett Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Gao C, Sun H, Wang T, Tang M, Bohnen NI, Müller MLTM, Herman T, Giladi N, Kalinin A, Spino C, Dauer W, Hausdorff JM, Dinov ID. Model-based and Model-free Machine Learning Techniques for Diagnostic Prediction and Classification of Clinical Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7129. [PMID: 29740058 PMCID: PMC5940671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24783-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we apply a multidisciplinary approach to investigate falls in PD patients using clinical, demographic and neuroimaging data from two independent initiatives (University of Michigan and Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center). Using machine learning techniques, we construct predictive models to discriminate fallers and non-fallers. Through controlled feature selection, we identified the most salient predictors of patient falls including gait speed, Hoehn and Yahr stage, postural instability and gait difficulty-related measurements. The model-based and model-free analytical methods we employed included logistic regression, random forests, support vector machines, and XGboost. The reliability of the forecasts was assessed by internal statistical (5-fold) cross validation as well as by external out-of-bag validation. Four specific challenges were addressed in the study: Challenge 1, develop a protocol for harmonizing and aggregating complex, multisource, and multi-site Parkinson's disease data; Challenge 2, identify salient predictive features associated with specific clinical traits, e.g., patient falls; Challenge 3, forecast patient falls and evaluate the classification performance; and Challenge 4, predict tremor dominance (TD) vs. posture instability and gait difficulty (PIGD). Our findings suggest that, compared to other approaches, model-free machine learning based techniques provide a more reliable clinical outcome forecasting of falls in Parkinson's patients, for example, with a classification accuracy of about 70-80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Statistics Online Computational Resource, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Hanbo Sun
- Statistics Online Computational Resource, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Tuo Wang
- Statistics Online Computational Resource, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Ming Tang
- Statistics Online Computational Resource, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology and Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Martijn L T M Müller
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Neurology and Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Talia Herman
- The Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nir Giladi
- The Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology and Sieratzki Chair in Neurology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Alexandr Kalinin
- Statistics Online Computational Resource, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Cathie Spino
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - William Dauer
- Department of Neurology and Ann Arbor VA Medical Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey M Hausdorff
- The Center for the Study of Movement, Cognition and Mobility, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience and Department of Physical Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center & Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ivo D Dinov
- Statistics Online Computational Resource, Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
- Morris K. Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Michigan Institute for Data Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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Peyman A, Peyman M. Statistical analysis of stereoacuity in ophthalmology research. J Curr Ophthalmol 2016; 28:237. [PMID: 27830212 PMCID: PMC5093786 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Peyman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Dinov ID, Siegrist K, Pearl DK, Kalinin A, Christou N. Probability Distributome: A Web Computational Infrastructure for Exploring the Properties, Interrelations, and Applications of Probability Distributions. Comput Stat 2016; 31:559-577. [PMID: 27158191 PMCID: PMC4856044 DOI: 10.1007/s00180-015-0594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Probability distributions are useful for modeling, simulation, analysis, and inference on varieties of natural processes and physical phenomena. There are uncountably many probability distributions. However, a few dozen families of distributions are commonly defined and are frequently used in practice for problem solving, experimental applications, and theoretical studies. In this paper, we present a new computational and graphical infrastructure, the Distributome, which facilitates the discovery, exploration and application of diverse spectra of probability distributions. The extensible Distributome infrastructure provides interfaces for (human and machine) traversal, search, and navigation of all common probability distributions. It also enables distribution modeling, applications, investigation of inter-distribution relations, as well as their analytical representations and computational utilization. The entire Distributome framework is designed and implemented as an open-source, community-built, and Internet-accessible infrastructure. It is portable, extensible and compatible with HTML5 and Web2.0 standards (http://Distributome.org). We demonstrate two types of applications of the probability Distributome resources: computational research and science education. The Distributome tools may be employed to address five complementary computational modeling applications (simulation, data-analysis and inference, model-fitting, examination of the analytical, mathematical and computational properties of specific probability distributions, and exploration of the inter-distributional relations). Many high school and college science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) courses may be enriched by the use of modern pedagogical approaches and technology-enhanced methods. The Distributome resources provide enhancements for blended STEM education by improving student motivation, augmenting the classical curriculum with interactive webapps, and overhauling the learning assessment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo D. Dinov
- Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR), Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- SOCR Resource, Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Kyle Siegrist
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899
| | - Dennis K. Pearl
- Department of Statistics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801
| | - Alexandr Kalinin
- Statistics Online Computational Resource (SOCR), Michigan Institute for Data Science (MIDAS), School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Nicolas Christou
- SOCR Resource, Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Abstract
Complex biological systems often display a randomness paralleled in processes studied in fundamental physics. This simple stochasticity emerges owing to the complexity of the system and underlies a fundamental aspect of biology called phenotypic stochasticity. Ongoing stochastic fluctuations in phenotype at the single-unit level can contribute to two emergent population phenotypes. Phenotypic stochasticity not only generates heterogeneity within a cell population, but also allows reversible transitions back and forth between multiple states. This phenotypic interconversion tends to restore a population to a previous composition after that population has been depleted of specific members. We call this tendency homeostatic heterogeneity. These concepts of dynamic heterogeneity can be applied to populations composed of molecules, cells, individuals, etc. Here we discuss the concept that phenotypic stochasticity both underlies the generation of heterogeneity within a cell population and can be used to control population composition, contributing, in particular, to both the ongoing emergence of drug resistance and an opportunity for depleting drug-resistant cells. Using notions of both 'large' and 'small' numbers of biomolecular components, we rationalize our use of Markov processes to model the generation and eradication of drug-resistant cells. Using these insights, we have developed a graphical tool, called a metronomogram, that we propose will allow us to optimize dosing frequencies and total course durations for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Liao
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Luis Estévez-Salmerón
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thea D. Tlsty
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Dinov ID, Christou N, Gould R. Law of Large Numbers: the Theory, Applications and Technology-based Education. JOURNAL OF STATISTICS EDUCATION : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF STATISTICS 2009; 17:1-19. [PMID: 21603584 PMCID: PMC3095954 DOI: 10.1080/10691898.2009.11889499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Modern approaches for technology-based blended education utilize a variety of recently developed novel pedagogical, computational and network resources. Such attempts employ technology to deliver integrated, dynamically-linked, interactive-content and heterogeneous learning environments, which may improve student comprehension and information retention. In this paper, we describe one such innovative effort of using technological tools to expose students in probability and statistics courses to the theory, practice and usability of the Law of Large Numbers (LLN). We base our approach on integrating pedagogical instruments with the computational libraries developed by the Statistics Online Computational Resource (www.SOCR.ucla.edu). To achieve this merger we designed a new interactive Java applet and a corresponding demonstration activity that illustrate the concept and the applications of the LLN. The LLN applet and activity have common goals - to provide graphical representation of the LLN principle, build lasting student intuition and present the common misconceptions about the law of large numbers. Both the SOCR LLN applet and activity are freely available online to the community to test, validate and extend (Applet: http://socr.ucla.edu/htmls/exp/Coin_Toss_LLN_Experiment.html, and Activity: http://wiki.stat.ucla.edu/socr/index.php/SOCR_EduMaterials_Activities_LLN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo D Dinov
- Department of Statistics and Center for Computational Biology University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA 90095 Tel. 310-267-5075
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Chu A, Cui J, Dinov ID. SOCR Analyses: Implementation and Demonstration of a New Graphical Statistics Educational Toolkit. J Stat Softw 2009; 30:1-19. [PMID: 21666874 DOI: 10.18637/jss.v030.i03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The web-based, Java-written SOCR (Statistical Online Computational Resource) tools have been utilized in many undergraduate and graduate level statistics courses for seven years now (Dinov 2006; Dinov et al. 2008b). It has been proven that these resources can successfully improve students' learning (Dinov et al. 2008b). Being first published online in 2005, SOCR Analyses is a somewhat new component and it concentrate on data modeling for both parametric and non-parametric data analyses with graphical model diagnostics. One of the main purposes of SOCR Analyses is to facilitate statistical learning for high school and undergraduate students. As we have already implemented SOCR Distributions and Experiments, SOCR Analyses and Charts fulfill the rest of a standard statistics curricula. Currently, there are four core components of SOCR Analyses. Linear models included in SOCR Analyses are simple linear regression, multiple linear regression, one-way and two-way ANOVA. Tests for sample comparisons include t-test in the parametric category. Some examples of SOCR Analyses' in the non-parametric category are Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis test, Friedman's test, Kolmogorov-Smirnoff test and Fligner-Killeen test. Hypothesis testing models include contingency table, Friedman's test and Fisher's exact test. The last component of Analyses is a utility for computing sample sizes for normal distribution. In this article, we present the design framework, computational implementation and the utilization of SOCR Analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Chu
- The SOCR Resource, Department of Statistics, and Center for Computational Biology, 8125 Mathematical Science Bldg. University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1554, United States of America, Telephone: +1/310/825-8430, /310/206-5658, URL: http://www.SOCR.ucla.edu/
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