1
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Szatkowski L, Varikoti RA, Dima RI. Modeling the Mechanical Response of Microtubule Lattices to Pressure. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5009-5021. [PMID: 33970630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c01770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules, the largest and stiffest filaments of the cytoskeleton, have to be well adapted to the high levels of crowdedness in cells to perform their multitude of functions. Furthermore, fundamental processes that involve microtubules, such as the maintenance of the cellular shape and cellular motion, are known to be highly dependent on external pressure. In light of the importance of pressure for the functioning of microtubules, numerous studies interrogated the response of these cytoskeletal filaments to osmotic pressure, resulting from crowding by osmolytes, such as poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEG/PEO) molecules, or to direct applied pressure. The interpretation of experiments is usually based on the assumptions that PEG molecules have unfavorable interactions with the microtubule lattices and that the behavior of microtubules under pressure can be described by using continuous models. We probed directly these two assumptions. First, we characterized the interaction between the main interfaces in a microtubule filament and PEG molecules of various sizes using a combination of docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Second, we studied the response of a microtubule filament to compression using a coarse-grained model that allows for the breaking of lattice interfaces. Our results show that medium length PEG molecules do not alter the energetics of the lateral interfaces in microtubules but rather target and can penetrate into the voids between tubulin monomers at these interfaces, which can lead to a rapid loss of lateral interfaces under pressure. Compression of a microtubule under conditions corresponding to high osmotic pressure results in the formation of the deformed phase found in experiments. Our simulations show that the breaking of lateral interfaces, rather than the buckling of the filament inferred from the continuous models, accounts for the deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Szatkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States.,Division of Science, Mathematics, and Engineering, University of South Carolina Sumter, Sumter, South Carolina 29150, United States
| | - Rohith Anand Varikoti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Ruxandra I Dima
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
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2
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Pires IS, Savla C, Palmer AF. Poly(ethylene glycol) Surface-Conjugated Apohemoglobin as a Synthetic Heme Scavenger. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:2155-2164. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan S. Pires
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Chintan Savla
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Andre F. Palmer
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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3
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Sousa SF, Peres J, Coelho M, Vieira TF. Analyzing PEGylation through Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio F. Sousa
- UCIBIO@REQUIMTE; BioSIM; Departamento de Biomedicina; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro; 4200-319, Porto Portugal
| | - Joana Peres
- LEPABE; Faculdade de Engenharia; Universidade do Porto, Porto; Portugal
| | - Manuel Coelho
- LEPABE; Faculdade de Engenharia; Universidade do Porto, Porto; Portugal
| | - Tatiana F. Vieira
- LEPABE; Faculdade de Engenharia; Universidade do Porto, Porto; Portugal
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Xu D, Smolin N, Shaw RK, Battey SR, Tao A, Huang Y, Rahman SE, Caylor M. Molecular insights into the improved clinical performance of PEGylated interferon therapeutics: a molecular dynamics perspective. RSC Adv 2018; 8:2315-2322. [PMID: 35541455 PMCID: PMC9077387 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PEGylation is a widely adopted process to covalently attach a polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer to a protein drug for the purpose of optimizing drug clinical performance. While the outcomes of PEGylation in imparting pharmacological advantages have been examined through experimental studies, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using interferon (IFN) as a representative model system, we carried out comparative molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of free PEGx, apo-IFN, and PEGx-IFN (x = 50, 100, 200, 300) to characterize the molecular-level changes in IFN introduced by PEGylation. The simulations yielded molecular evidence directly linked to the improved protein stability, bioavailability, retention time, as well as the decrease in protein bioactivity with PEG conjugates. Our results indicate that there is a tradeoff between the benefits and costs of PEGylation. The optimal PEG chain length used in PEGylation needs to strike a good balance among the competing factors and maximizes the overall therapeutic efficacy of the protein drug. We anticipate the study will have a broad implication for protein drug design and development, and provide a unique computational approach in the context of optimizing PEGylated protein drug conjugates. We discovered molecular evidence that links PEGylation to improved clinical performance, yet at the expense of decreased bioactivity. Our computational approach will facilitate PEGylated protein drug design and optimize its overall therapeutic efficacy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences
- Idaho State University
- Meridian
| | - Nikolai Smolin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology
- Loyola University Chicago
- Maywood
- USA
| | | | | | - Aoxiang Tao
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences
- Idaho State University
- Meridian
| | - Yuying Huang
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences
- Idaho State University
- Meridian
| | - Shaikh Emdadur Rahman
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences
- Idaho State University
- Meridian
| | - Matthew L. Caylor
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Kasiska Division of Health Sciences
- Idaho State University
- Meridian
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Heidari Majd M, Akbarzadeh A, Sargazi A. Evaluation of host-guest system to enhance the tamoxifen efficiency. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 45:441-447. [PMID: 27012732 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2016.1160916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hydrophobic drugs can absorb as guest molecules inside the cavity of cyclodextrins as host sites. So, forming the drug-cyclodextrin complex can exert a profound effect on the physicochemical and biological properties of the drugs. According to these advantages, in this study, we synthesized the tamoxifen (TMX) loaded cyclodextrin (CD)-conjugated MNPs to evaluate simultaneously the cytotoxicity and sustained release as well as hepatoprotective effect of this nanomedicine. The average size of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs was approximately 31 nm. By energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), it was revealed that Fe3O4 constitutes 14.34% of the composition of modified MNPs. In the other words, nearly 85% of Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD NPs are made of dopamine (DPA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The TMX loaded MNPs (with entrapment efficiency of 33 mg TMX per unit CD (mg) and loading efficiency of 87.5%) showed sustained liberation of TMX molecules (with 91% release in 120 h). Cytotoxicity assay and apoptosis assay by TUNEL analysis revealed that the engineered Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs were able to significantly inhibit the MCF-7 breast cancer cells. According to effect of CD on TMX sustained release, it was found that CD can decrease the hepatotoxicity induced by TMX nearly 30%. Based upon these findings, we suggest the Fe3O4-DPA-PEG-CD-TMX NPs as an effective multifunctional nanomedicine with simultaneous therapeutic and hepatoprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- b Stem Cell Research Center , Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Azam Sargazi
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Zabol University of Medical Sciences , Zabol , Iran
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Borzenkov M, Hevus O. Synhtesis of Novel Surface Active Methacrylate Monomers Based on ε-Caprolactone. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht08.02.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Meng W, Guo X, Qin M, Pan H, Cao Y, Wang W. Mechanistic insights into the stabilization of srcSH3 by PEGylation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:16133-16140. [PMID: 23106398 DOI: 10.1021/la303466w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein PEGylation (attaching PEG chains to proteins) has been widely used in pharmaceuticals and nanotechnology. Although it is widely known that PEGylation can increase the thermodynamic stability of proteins, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this Article, we studied the effect of PEGylation on the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of a protein, SH3. We show that the thermodynamic stability of SH3 is enhanced upon PEGylation, mainly due to the slowing of the unfolding rate. Moreover, PEGylation can decrease the solvent-accessible surface area of SH3, leading to an increase of the m-value (the change in free energy with respect to denaturant concentration, which is a measure of the transition cooperativity between corresponding states). Such an effect also causes an enhancement of the thermodynamic stability. We quantitatively measured how the physical properties of PEG, such as the molecular weight and the number of PEGylation sites, affect the stabilization effect. We found that the stabilization effect is largely dependent on the number of PEGylation sites but only has a weak correlation with the molecular weight of the attached PEG. These experimental findings inspire us to derive a physical model based on excluded volume effect, which can satisfactorily describe all experimental observations. This model allows quantitatively calculating the free energy change upon PEGylation based on the change of water excluded zone on the protein surface. Although it is still unknown whether such a mechanism can be extended to other proteins, our work represents a key step toward the understanding of the nature of protein stabilization upon PEGylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Meng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People's Republic of China
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8
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Yang C, Lu D, Liu Z. How PEGylation Enhances the Stability and Potency of Insulin: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Biochemistry 2011; 50:2585-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bi101926u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Diannan Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Frisman I, Orbach R, Seliktar D, Bianco-Peled H. Structural investigation of PEG-fibrinogen conjugates. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2010; 21:73-80. [PMID: 19693654 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-009-3848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2009] [Accepted: 08/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Controllable bio-synthetic polymeric hydrogels made from fibrinogen-poly(ethylene glycol) adducts have been successfully employed in tissue engineering. The structural consequences of PEG conjugation to fibrinogen (i.e., PEGylation) in such a hydrogel network are not fully understood. The current investigation details the structural alterations caused to the reduced fibrinogen polypeptides by the covalent attachment of linear or branched PEG chains. The structure of PEGylated fibrinogen polypeptides were comprehensively characterized using small angle X-ray scattering, light scattering, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy. These characterizations concur that the bio-synthetic hybrids self-assemble into elongated objects, having a protein core of about 50 A in diameter decorated with multiple PEG chains. Conjugates with branched PEG chains were shorter, and have lower average molecular weight compared to conjugates with linear chains. The diameter of the protein core of both samples was similar, suggesting a tail-to-head aggregation of the PEGylated fibrinogen polypeptide. A more complete understanding of this unique structural arrangement can provide further insight into the full extent of biofunctional accessibility in a biomaterial that combines the advantages of synthetic polymers with bioactive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Frisman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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10
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Sahu RK, Nacharaju P, Manjula BN, Acharya SA. Induced Plasma Expander-like Properties as a Function of PEG-chains on Extension Arm Facilitated PEGylation of Albumin: “Mushroom to Brush-Like” Conformational Transition of the PEG-albumin Conjugate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:245-56. [DOI: 10.3109/10731190903356438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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11
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Cabrales P, Tsai AG, Ananda K, Acharya SA, Intaglietta M. Volume resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock with albumin and hexaPEGylated human serum albumin. Resuscitation 2008; 79:139-46. [PMID: 18621463 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2008.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2008] [Revised: 04/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of restoring intravascular volume with polyethylene glycol (PEG) conjugated to human serum albumin (PEG-Alb) on systemic parameters and microvascular hemodynamics after hemorrhagic shock resuscitation was studied in the hamster window chamber model. Moderate hemorrhagic shock was induced by controlled arterial bleeding of 50% of blood volume, and hypovolemia was maintained for 1h. Fluid resuscitation was accomplished by infusion of 25% of blood volume and recovery was followed over 90 min. The PEG-Alb (six chains of maleimide phenyl PEG conjugated human serum albumin at 4%) resuscitation group was compared human serum albumin (HSA) at 5% (HSA5) and 10% (HSA10) protein concentrations. Systemic parameters, microvascular perfusion and capillary perfusion (functional capillary density, FCD) were measured by noninvasive methods. Hyperoncotic solutions provided rapid restoration of blood pressure, blood gas parameters and microvascular perfusion. Systemic and microvascular recovery was best and most rapid with PEG-Alb and followed by HSA10 and HSA5. Only recovery with PEG-Alb was sustained beyond 90 min. Hemodynamic functional benefits of PEG-Alb and the potential disadvantages associated with HSA, suggest PEG-Alb as better resuscitation solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cabrales
- La Jolla Bioengineering Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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12
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Svergun DI, Ekström F, Vandegriff KD, Malavalli A, Baker DA, Nilsson C, Winslow RM. Solution structure of poly(ethylene) glycol-conjugated hemoglobin revealed by small-angle X-ray scattering: implications for a new oxygen therapeutic. Biophys J 2008; 94:173-81. [PMID: 17827244 PMCID: PMC2134876 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.107.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing protein therapeutics has posed challenges due to short circulating times and toxicities. Recent advances using poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) conjugation have improved their performance. A PEG-conjugated hemoglobin (Hb), Hemospan, is in clinical trials as an oxygen therapeutic. Solutions of PEG-hemoglobin with two (P5K2) or six to seven strands of 5-kD PEG (P5K6) were studied by small-angle x-ray scattering. PEGylation elongates the dimensions (Hb < P5K2 < P5K6) and leaves the tertiary hemoglobin structure unchanged but compacts its quaternary structure. The major part of the PEG chains visualized by ab initio reconstruction protrudes away from hemoglobin, whereas the rest interacts with the protein. PEGylation introduces intermolecular repulsion, increasing with conjugated PEG amount. These results demonstrate how PEG surface shielding and intermolecular repulsion may prolong intravascular retention and lack of reactivity of PEG-Hb, possibly by inhibiting binding to the macrophage CD163 hemoglobin-scavenger receptor. The proposed methodology for assessment of low-resolution structures and interactions is a powerful means for rational design of PEGylated therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri I Svergun
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg Outstation, Hamburg, Germany
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Acharya S, Acharya V, Kanika N, Tsai A, Intaglietta M, Manjula B. Non-hypertensive tetraPEGylated canine haemoglobin: correlation between PEGylation, O2 affinity and tissue oxygenation. Biochem J 2007; 405:503-11. [PMID: 17425516 PMCID: PMC2267292 DOI: 10.1042/bj20070238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
TetraPEGylated canine Hb, [SP (succinimidophenyl)-PEG5K]4-canine-Hb, with PEGylation at its four reactive cysteine residues (a111 and b93) has been prepared and characterized. The hydrodynamic volume and the molecular radius of (SP-PEG5K)4-canine-Hb are intermediate to those of di- and hexaPEGylated human Hb as expected. However, the COP (colloidal osmotic pressure) of tetraPEGylated canine Hb is closer to that of hexaPEGylated human Hb than to that of diPEGylated human Hb. The O2 affinity of tetraPEGylated canine Hb is higher than that of canine Hb and comparable with that of hexaPEGylated Hb. The O2 affinity of tetraPEGylated canine Hb is not responsive to the presence of DPG (diphosphoglycerate) or chloride, but it retains almost full response to L-35, an allosteric effector that interacts at the aa-end of the central cavity. The tetraPEGylated canine Hb is vasoinactive in hamster in 10% top load infusion studies. It is also essentially non-hypertensive in an extreme exchange haemodilution protocol in hamster just as di- and hexaPEGylated human Hb. The O2 delivery by tetraPEGylated canine Hb is comparable with that of hexaPEGylated Hb but not as efficient as diPEGylated Hb. These results demonstrate that PEGylation-induced solution properties of PEG [poly(ethylene glycol)]-Hb conjugates are dictated by the level and chemistry of PEGylation and the interplay of these plays a critical role in tissue oxygenation. The studies imply the need to establish the right level (and/or pattern) of PEGylation and O2 affinity of Hb-PEG adducts in designing O2-carrying plasma volume expanders, and this remains the primary challenge in the design of PEGylated Hb as blood substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetharama A. Acharya
- *Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
- †Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| | - Vivek N. Acharya
- *Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
- †Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
| | - Nirmala Devi Kanika
- *Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
- †Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
| | - Amy G. Tsai
- ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Marcos Intaglietta
- ‡Department of Bioengineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A
| | - Belur N. Manjula
- *Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
- †Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, U.S.A
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