Microbial production of 7-amino-cephalosporanic acid and new generation cephalosporins (cephalothin) by different processing strategies

Cephalothin: Review of Characteristics, Properties and Status of Analytical Methods

BACKGROUND

Cephalothin (CET), a first generation cephalosporin, is the most efficient cephalosporin against resistant microorganisms. Many studies found in literature and pharmacopeias proposes analytical methods and, as most commonly, HPLC and microbiological assays.

OBJECTIVE

This paper shows a brief review of analytical method to quantify CET with a green analytical chemistry approach.

METHODS

The research data were collected from the literature and official compendia.

RESULTS

Most of the analytical methods to determine CET were performed by HPLC and agar diffusion in pharmaceuticals, blood, urine or water. Other analytical methods were found, as UV, Vis, iodometry, fluorimetry, IR/Raman, electrochemical among others, but, in less quantity. One important aspect is that these methods use organic and toxic solvents like methanol and acetonitrile, and only about 4% of the methods found uses water as solvent.

CONCLUSIONS

In this way, researches about analytical methods focused on green analytical chemistry for CET are of great importance and very relevant to optimize its analysis in pharmaceutical industries and to guarantee the quality of the product. More than just the development of new techniques it is possible to enhance of the ones that already exists applying the green analytical chemistry principles. In this way, it will be possible to reduce the environment impacts caused by these analytical procedures.

HIGHLIGHTS

This work shows a brief review of literature and pharmacopeias of analytical methods to quantify CET. Its quality control can be updated to meet the needs of current analytical chemistry and to fit into sustainable and eco-friendly analyzes.

Review for Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sodium Cephalothin

Infections are the second leading cause of global morbidity and mortality, therefore it is highly important to study the antimicrobial agents such as cephalosporins. Cephalothin, an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of cephalosporins, has bactericidal activity and it is widely used in the Brazilian health system. In literature, some analytical methods are found for the identification and quantification of this drug, which are essential for its quality control, which ensures maintaining the product characteristics, therapeutic efficacy and patient's safety. The aim of this article is to review the available information on analytical methods for cephalothin. Thus, this study presents a literature review on cephalothin and the analytical methods developed for the analysis of this drug in official and scientific papers. It is essential to note that most of the developed methods used toxic and hazardous solvents, which makes necessary industries and researchers choose to develop environmental-friendly techniques, which will contribute to the harmonization of science, human, and environmental health.