1
|
Xiong Y, Wang Z, Tang L, Chen Q, Feng Y, Xie Z, Fu D. Ozone-3,6-dihydroxynaphtha-2,7-disulphonate chemiluminescence system is used for online ozone detection. LUMINESCENCE 2023; 38:12-18. [PMID: 36225168 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemiluminescence (CL) reaction between ozone and 3,6-dihydroxynaphtha-2,7-disulphonate (DNDS) was found under alkaline conditions. Therefore, a novel CL system for ozone detection was established. The CL signal of the CL system is weak, and the CL signal is enhanced by adding nonionic surfactants. It was found that adding 16.4 g/l Triton X-100 can enhance the CL signal. The CL reagent activated by ultraviolet (UV) light produced a CL signal was nearly 10 times stronger than the CL reagent not activated by UV light; the CL signal was enhanced by adding 8 g/l NaHCO3 to the CL reagent irradiated by UV light. Through the optimization of these test conditions, a high-selectivity, high-sensitivity online detection method for ozone CL was established. The linear range was 0.5-150 ppbv, and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.092 ppbv (S/N = 3).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong City, China
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- Dezhou University, 566 West University Road, Decheng District, Dezhou City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong City, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong City, China
| | - Yangrun Feng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong City, China
| | - Zhijin Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong City, China
| | - Dayou Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong City, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang L, Wang Z, Chen Q, Feng Y, Tan W, Fu D. Rapid and sensitive online determination of ozone via gas-liquid chemiluminescence synergistically enhanced by graphene quantum dots and Triton X-100. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:5493-5501. [PMID: 34739013 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01504d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The determination of the ozone concentration in the atmosphere is an urgent need but most current methods are limited by large-scale equipment or complex procedures. Herein, a gas-liquid chemiluminescence (GL-CL) assay based on a portable GL-CL detector platform was reported for the fast and sensitive online determination of ozone. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and Triton X-100 were employed to synergistically enhance the CL intensity of chromotropic acid (CA)-ozone. The increase was about seven-fold upon the addition of GQDs and Triton X-100. The potential enhancement mechanism was also investigated. The speculated CL enhancement mechanism was that GQDs could catalyze dissolved oxygen in the CA solution to produce more free radicals in the presence of UV-light, and these radicals converted CA into more active compounds that could react with ozone and emit photons. The free radicals, active compounds and luminophores were protected from water quenching by micelles produced by dissolving Triton X-100 in water and as a result, CL was markedly enhanced. Most importantly, the response time of the GL-CL detector platform towards ozone was less than 0.5 s. Based on this outcome, a GL-CL assay for detecting atmospheric ozone was successfully developed with a linear range from 0.1 to 150 ppbv and a detection limit of 0.02 ppbv. This work provides a rapid and sensitive method for the online measurement of ozone, and has great potential in environmental applications; the potential applications of GQDs and Triton X-100 in the field of GL-CL have also been highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianbo Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, China.
| | - Zhuqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, China.
| | - Yangrun Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, China.
| | - Wenyuan Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, China.
| | - Dayou Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 180 Xueyuan Street, Huixing Road, Zigong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Long RW, Whitehill A, Habel A, Urbanski S, Halliday H, Colón M, Kaushik S, Landis MS. Comparison of ozone measurement methods in biomass burning smoke: an evaluation under field and laboratory conditions. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2021; 14:1783-1800. [PMID: 34017362 PMCID: PMC8128704 DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-1783-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In recent years wildland fires in the United States have had significant impacts on local and regional air quality and negative human health outcomes. Although the primary health concerns from wildland fires come from fine particulate matter (PM2.5), large increases in ozone (O3) have been observed downwind of wildland fire plumes (DeBell et al., 2004; Bytnerowicz et al., 2010; Preisler et al., 2010; Jaffe et al., 2012; Bytnerowicz et al., 2013; Jaffe et al., 2013; Lu et al., 2016; Lindaas et al., 2017; McClure and Jaffe, 2018; Liu et al., 2018; Baylon et al., 2018; Buysse et al., 2019). Conditions generated in and around wildland fire plumes, including the presence of interfering chemical species, can make the accurate measurement of O3 concentrations using the ultraviolet (UV) photometric method challenging if not impossible. UV photometric method instruments are prone to interferences by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are present at high concentrations in wildland fire smoke. Four different O3 measurement methodologies were deployed in a mobile sampling platform downwind of active prescribed grassland fire lines in Kansas and Oregon and during controlled chamber burns at the United States Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory in Missoula, Montana. We demonstrate that the Federal Reference Method (FRM) nitric oxide (NO) chemiluminescence monitors and Federal Equivalent Method (FEM) gas-phase (NO) chemical scrubber UV photometric O3 monitors are relatively interference-free, even in near-field combustion plumes. In contrast, FEM UV photometric O3 monitors using solid-phase catalytic scrubbers show positive artifacts that are positively correlated with carbon monoxide (CO) and total gas-phase hydrocarbon (THC), two indicator species of biomass burning. Of the two catalytic scrubber UV photometric methods evaluated, the instruments that included a Nafion® tube dryer in the sample introduction system had artifacts an order of magnitude smaller than the instrument with no humidity correction. We hypothesize that Nafion®-permeating VOCs (such as aromatic hydrocarbons) could be a significant source of interference for catalytic scrubber UV photometric O3 monitors and that the inclusion of a Nafion® tube dryer assists with the mitigation of these interferences. The chemiluminescence FRM method is highly recommended for accurate measurements of O3 in wildland fire plume studies and at regulatory ambient monitoring sites frequently impacted by wildland fire smoke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell W. Long
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew Whitehill
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Andrew Habel
- Jacobs Technology Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shawn Urbanski
- U.S. Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Hannah Halliday
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Maribel Colón
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Surender Kaushik
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Landis
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim DJ, Dinh TV, Lee JY, Choi IY, Son DJ, Kim IY, Sunwoo Y, Kim JC. Effects of Water Removal Devices on Ambient Inorganic Air Pollutant Measurements. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183446. [PMID: 31533231 PMCID: PMC6765784 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water vapor is a pivotal obstacle when measuring ambient air pollutants. The effects of water vapor removal devices which are called KPASS (Key-compound PASSer) and Cooler. On the measurement of O3, SO2, and CO at ambient levels were investigated. Concentrations of O3, SO2, and CO were 100 ppb, 150 ppb, and 25 ppm, respectively. The amount of water vapor varied at different relative humidity levels of 30%, 50%, and 80% when the temperature was 25 °C and the pressure was 1 atm. Water vapor removal efficiencies and recovery rates of target gases were also determined. The KPASS showed a better performance than the Cooler device, removing 93.6% of water vapor and the Cooler removing 59.2%. In terms of recovery, the KPASS showed a better recovery of target gases than the Cooler. Consequently, it is suggested that the KPASS should be an alternative way to remove water vapor when measuring O3, SO2, and CO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-June Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Trieu-Vuong Dinh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Joo-Yeon Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - In-Young Choi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Dong-Jin Son
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - In-Young Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Young Sunwoo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Jo-Chun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Whitehill AR, George I, Long R, Baker KR, Landis M. Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Prescribed Burning in Tallgrass Prairie Ecosystems. ATMOSPHERE 2019; 10:1-464. [PMID: 31595190 PMCID: PMC6781241 DOI: 10.3390/atmos10080464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prescribed pasture burning plays a critical role in ecosystem maintenance in tallgrass prairie ecosystems and may contribute to agricultural productivity but can also have negative impacts on air quality. Volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations were measured immediately downwind of prescribed tallgrass prairie fires in the Flint Hills region of Kansas, United States. The VOC mixture is dominated by alkenes and oxygenated VOCs, which are highly reactive and can drive photochemical production of ozone downwind of the fires. The computed emission factors are comparable to those previous measured from pasture maintenance fires in Brazil. In addition to the emission of large amounts of particulate matter, hazardous air pollutants such as benzene and acrolein are emitted in significant amounts and could contribute to adverse health effects in exposed populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Whitehill
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Ingrid George
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Russell Long
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Kirk R. Baker
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Matthew Landis
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xu Z, Nie W, Chi X, Huang X, Zheng L, Xu Z, Wang J, Xie Y, Qi X, Wang X, Xue L, Ding A. Ozone from fireworks: Chemical processes or measurement interference? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 633:1007-1011. [PMID: 29758853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fireworks have been identified as one ozone source by photolyzing NO2 or O2 and are believed to potentially be important for the nighttime ozone during firework events. In this study, we conducted both lab and field experiments to test two types of fireworks with low and high energy with the goal to distinguish whether the visible ozone signal during firework displays is real. The results suggest that previous understanding of the ozone formation mechanism during fireworks is misunderstood. Ultraviolet ray (UV)-based ozone monitors are interfered by aerosols and some specific VOCs. High-energy fireworks emit high concentrations of particular matters and low VOCs that the artificial ozone can be easily removed by an aerosol filter. Low-energy fireworks emit large amounts of VOCs mostly from the combustion of the cardboard from fireworks that largely interferes with the ozone monitor. Benzene and phenol might be major contributors to the artificial ozone signal. We further checked the nighttime ozone concentration in Jinan and Beijing, China, during Chinese New Year, a period with intense fireworks. A signal of 3-8ppbv ozone was detected and positively correlated to NO and SO2, suggesting a considerable influence of these chemicals in interfering with ambient ozone monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Nie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xuguang Chi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Longfei Zheng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhengning Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuning Xie
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xinfeng Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Likun Xue
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Aijun Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Landis MS, Edgerton ES, White EM, Wentworth GR, Sullivan AP, Dillner AM. The impact of the 2016 Fort McMurray Horse River Wildfire on ambient air pollution levels in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region, Alberta, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:1665-1676. [PMID: 29102183 PMCID: PMC6084447 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented wildfire impacted the northern Alberta city of Fort McMurray in May 2016 causing a mandatory city wide evacuation and the loss of 2,400 homes and commercial structures. A two-hectare wildfire was discovered on May 1, grew to ~157,000ha by May 5, and continued to burn an estimated ~590,000ha by June 13. A comprehensive air monitoring network operated by the Wood Buffalo Environmental Association (WBEA) in and around Fort McMurray provided essential health-related real-time air quality data to firefighters during the emergency, and provided a rare opportunity to elucidate the impact of gaseous and particulate matter emissions on near-field communities and regional air pollution concentrations. The WBEA network recorded 188 fire-related exceedances of 1-hr and 24-hr Alberta Ambient Air Quality Objectives. Two air monitoring sites within Fort McMurray recorded mean/maximum 1-hr PM2.5 concentrations of 291/5229μgm-3 (AMS-6) and 293/3259μgm-3 (AMS-7) during fire impact periods. High correlations (r2=0.83-0.97) between biomass combustion related gases (carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), total hydrocarbons (THC), total reduced sulfur (TRS), ammonia) and PM2.5 were observed at the sites. Filter-based 24-hr integrated PM2.5 samples collected every 6 days showed maximum concentrations of 267μgm-3 (AMS-6) and 394μgm-3 (AMS-7). Normalized excess emission ratios relative to CO were 149.87±3.37μgm-3ppm-1 (PM2.5), 0.274±0.002ppmppm-1 (THC), 0.169±0.001ppmppm-1 (NMHC), 0.104±0.001ppmppm-1 (CH4), 0.694±0.007ppbppm-1 (TRS), 0.519±0.040ppbppm-1 (SO2), 0.412±0.045ppbppm-1 (NO), 1.968±0.053ppbppm-1 (NO2), and 2.337±0.077ppbppm-1 (NOX). A subset of PM2.5 filter samples was analyzed for trace elements, major ions, organic carbon, elemental carbon, and carbohydrates. Sample mass reconstruction and fire specific emission profiles are presented and discussed. Potential fire-related photometric ozone instrument positive interferences were observed and were positively correlated with NO and NMHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Landis
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Gregory R Wentworth
- Alberta Environment and Parks, Environmental Monitoring and Science Division, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hidy GM, Mueller PK, Altshuler SL, Chow JC, Watson JG. Air quality measurements-From rubber bands to tapping the rainbow. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2017; 67:637-668. [PMID: 28333580 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1308890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It is axiomatic that good measurements are integral to good public policy for environmental protection. The generalized term for "measurements" includes sampling and quantitation, data integrity, documentation, network design, sponsorship, operations, archiving, and accessing for applications. Each of these components has evolved and advanced over the last 200 years as knowledge of atmospheric chemistry and physics has matured. Air quality was first detected by what people could see and smell in contaminated air. Gaseous pollutants were found to react with certain materials or chemicals, changing the color of dissolved reagents such that their light absorption at selected wavelengths could be related to both the pollutant chemistry and its concentration. Airborne particles have challenged the development of a variety of sensory devices and laboratory assays for characterization of their enormous range of physical and chemical properties. Advanced electronics made possible the sampling, concentration, and detection of gases and particles, both in situ and in laboratory analysis of collected samples. Accurate and precise measurements by these methods have made possible advanced air quality management practices that led to decreasing concentrations over time. New technologies are leading to smaller and cheaper measurement systems that can further expand and enhance current air pollution monitoring networks. IMPLICATIONS Ambient air quality measurement systems have a large influence on air quality management by determining compliance, tracking trends, elucidating pollutant transport and transformation, and relating concentrations to adverse effects. These systems consist of more than just instrumentation, and involve extensive support efforts for siting, maintenance, calibration, auditing, data validation, data management and access, and data interpretation. These requirements have largely been attained for criteria pollutants regulated by National Ambient Air Quality Standards, but they are rarely attained for nonroutine measurements and research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Judith C Chow
- d Desert Research Institute , Reno , Nevada , USA
- e State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| | - John G Watson
- d Desert Research Institute , Reno , Nevada , USA
- e State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology (SKLLQG) , Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Xi'an , People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ollison WM, Crow W, Spicer CW. Field testing of new-technology ambient air ozone monitors. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2013; 63:855-863. [PMID: 23926854 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2013.796898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Multibillion-dollar strategies control ambient air ozone (O3) levels in the United States, so it is essential that the measurements made to assess compliance with regulations be accurate. The predominant method employed to monitor O3 is ultraviolet (UV) photometry. Instruments employ a selective manganese dioxide or heated silver wool "scrubber" to remove O3 to provide a zero reference signal. Unfortunately, such scrubbers remove atmospheric constituents that absorb 254-nm light, causing measurement interference. Water vapor also interferes with the measurement under some circumstances. We report results of a 3-month field test of two new instruments designed to minimize interferences (2B Technologies model 211; Teledyne-API model 265E) that were operated in parallel with a conventional Thermo Scientific model 49C O3 monitor. The field test was hosted by the Houston Regional Monitoring Corporation (HRM). The model 211 photometer scrubs O3 with excess nitric oxide (NO) generated in situ by photolysis of added nitrous oxide (N2O) to provide a reference signal, eliminating the need for a conventional O3 scrubber. The model 265E analyzer directly measures O3-NO chemiluminescence from added excess NO to quantify O3 in the sample stream. Extensive quality control (QC) and collocated monitoring data are assessed to evaluate potential improvements to the accuracy of O3 compliance monitoring. IMPLICATIONS Two new-technology ozone monitors were compared with a conventional monitor under field conditions. Over 3 months the conventional monitor reported more exceedances of the current standard than the new instruments, which could potentially result in an area being misjudged as "nonattainment." Instrument drift can affect O3 data accuracy, and the same degree of drift has a proportionally greater compliance effect as standard stringency is increased. Enhanced data quality assurance and data adjustment may be necessary to achieve the improved accuracy required to judge compliance with tighter standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Will M Ollison
- American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L Street, Washington, DC 20005, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Washenfelder RA, Wagner NL, Dube WP, Brown SS. Measurement of atmospheric ozone by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2011; 45:2938-2944. [PMID: 21366216 DOI: 10.1021/es103340u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Ozone plays a key role in both the Earth's radiative budget and photochemistry. Accurate, robust analytical techniques for measuring its atmospheric abundance are of critical importance. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy has been successfully used for sensitive and accurate measurements of many atmospheric species. However, this technique has not been used for atmospheric measurements of ozone, because the strongest ozone absorption bands occur in the ultraviolet spectral region, where Rayleigh and Mie scattering cause significant cavity losses and dielectric mirror reflectivities are limited. Here, we describe a compact instrument that measures O3 by chemical conversion to NO2 in excess NO, with subsequent detection by cavity ring-down spectroscopy. This method provides a simple, accurate, and high-precision measurement of atmospheric ozone. The instrument consists of two channels. The sum of NO2 and converted O3 (defined as Ox) is measured in the first channel, while NO2 alone is measured in the second channel. NO2 is directly detected in each channel by cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a laser diode light source at 404 nm. The limit of detection for O3 is 26 pptv (2 sigma precision) at 1 s time resolution. The accuracy of the measurement is ±2.2%, with the largest uncertainty being the effective NO2 absorption cross-section. The linear dynamic range of the instrument has been verified from the detection limit to above 200 ppbv (r2>99.99%). The observed precision on signal (2 sigma) with 41 ppbv O3 is 130 pptv in 1 s. Comparison of this instrument to UV absorbance instruments for ambient O3 concentrations shows linear agreement (r2=99.1%) with slope of 1.012±0.002.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Washenfelder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, 216 UCB, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eipel C, Jeroschewski P, Steinke I. Determination of ozone in ambient air with a chemiluminescence reagent film detector. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(03)00797-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
de Gouw JA, Warneke C, Scheeren HA, van der Veen C, Bolder M, Scheele MP, Williams J, Wong S, Lange L, Fischer H, Lelieveld J. Overview of the trace gas measurements on board the Citation aircraft during the intensive field phase of INDOEX. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
13
|
Jury MR, Brunke E, Schormann M. Aircraft section measurements of meteorology and ozone in northern Namibia during SAFARI-92. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|