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Sørensen JB, Lee KSK, Dawson A, Dawson A, Senarathna L, Pushpakumara PHGJ, Rajapakse T, Konradsen F, Glozier N, Conigrave KM, Siriwardhana P, Hansen D, Buhl A, Priyadhasana C, Senawirathna K, Herath M, Mantillake S, Fonseka P, Pearson M. Evaluating the programme and behavior change theories of a community alcohol education intervention in rural Sri Lanka: a study protocol. Glob Health Action 2023; 16:2273625. [PMID: 37971492 PMCID: PMC10795635 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2023.2273625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Risky alcohol use is a major public health problem globally and in Sri Lanka. While a reduction in alcohol consumption can result in physical, mental, and social benefits, behaviour change is difficult to achieve. Effective, context-adapted interventions are required to minimise alcohol-related harm at a community level. THEATRE is a complex, community-based intervention evaluating whether a promising Sri Lankan pilot study that utilised arts-based research to moderate alcohol use can be scaled up. While the scaled-up pilot study protocol is presented elsewhere, the aim of this protocol paper is to describe the intervention programme theory and evaluation design, and modifications made to the study resulting from COVID-19 and the financial crisis. Drawing on the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) and Theoretical Domains Framework, behaviour change theories are presented with potential pathways to guide implementation and evaluation. Alcohol consumption patterns and context of drinking is detailed. The multifaceted intervention targets individuals and communities using arts-based interventions. Four of nine BCW functions are employed in the design of the intervention: education, persuasion, modelling and enablement, and training. Modifications made to the study due to COVID-19 and the financial crisis are described. Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Committee, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka (ERC/2018/21-July 2018 and Feb 2022) and the University of Sydney (2019/006). Findings will be disseminated locally to community members and key stakeholders and via international peer-reviewed publications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K. S. Kylie Lee
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Indigenous Health and Alcohol, Discipline of Addiction Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- The Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Royal Price Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Dawson
- The Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Royal Price Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Angela Dawson
- School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lalith Senarathna
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | - P. H. G. Janaka Pushpakumara
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Thilini Rajapakse
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Flemming Konradsen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nick Glozier
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katherine M. Conigrave
- The Edith Collins Centre (Translational Research in Alcohol Drugs and Toxicology), Royal Price Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Drug Health Services, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Central Clinical School, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Prabash Siriwardhana
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Department of Sociology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Alexandra Buhl
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Chamill Priyadhasana
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamal Senawirathna
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Malith Herath
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Melissa Pearson
- Faculty of Medicine, South Asian Clinical Toxicology Collaboration, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Dudley MZ, Squires GK, Petroske TM, Dawson S, Brewer J. The Use of Narrative in Science and Health Communication: A Scoping Review. Patient Educ Couns 2023; 112:107752. [PMID: 37068426 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many people deny science and reject health recommendations despite widely distributed facts and statistics. Didactic science and health communication is often dry, and relies on the false assumption that people make purely evidence-based decisions. Stories can be a powerful teaching tool by capturing attention and evoking emotion. OBJECTIVE We explore the impact and appeal of, and describe best practices for, using narrative (storytelling) versus didactic methods in science and health communication. PATIENT INVOLVEMENT No patients were involved in the review process. METHODS We searched PubMed and Web of Science for articles either: assessing effectiveness of narrative science/health communication; assessing acceptability of (or preference for) narrative science/health communication; giving advice on how best to use narrative; and/or providing science-based explanations for how/why narrative succeeds. RESULTS Narrative science/health communication is effective and appealing for audiences across a variety of topics and mediums, with supporting evidence across fields such as epidemiology, neuroscience, and psychology. Whether narrative or didactic messaging is most effective depends on the topic, audience, and objective, as well as message quality. However, combining narrative with didactic methods is likely to be more effective than using either strategy alone. DISCUSSION Narrative science/health communication merits wider implementation and further research. Narrative communication creates openness to information by delaying the formulation of counterarguments. PRACTICAL VALUE Science and health communicators should collaborate with cultural and storytelling experts, work directly with their target audiences throughout the message development and testing processes, and rely on popular story elements (e.g., first-person point of view, relatable protagonists) to improve the comprehension, engagement, and thoughtful consideration of their intended audience. FUNDING This work was funded by Thirty Meter Telescope, with which two authors (GKS and SD) were affiliated. Otherwise, the funding organization had no role in the study and/or submission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Z Dudley
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Gordon K Squires
- California Institute of Technology / IPAC, 1200 E California Blvd, 315 Keith Spalding, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Sandra Dawson
- Thirty Meter Telescope International Observatory, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Janesse Brewer
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Institute for Vaccine Safety, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, w5041, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Buvár Á, Szilágyi SF, Balogh E, Zsila Á. COVID-19 messages in sponsored social media posts: The positive impact of influencer-brand fit and prior parasocial interaction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276143. [PMID: 36240138 PMCID: PMC9565725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explores the dissemination potential of a COVID-19 message embedded in a sponsored social media post. The moderating role of prior parasocial interaction and influencer-brand fit were considered. 365 respondents participated in the study. A 3 (control, congruent, incongruent brand) × 2 (control, COVID-19 message) between-subject online experiment was designed and executed. Data were analyzed using a mediated moderation model. Results indicated that the three-way interaction of the COVID-19 message, brand presence and prior parasocial interaction affected the perceived influencer credibility, attitudes towards the social media post, and the behavioral engagement with the post. When the COVID-19 message was included in the post, increased prior parasocial interaction intensified the positive effect of influencer-brand fit on influencer credibility, which in turn resulted in a more positive attitude towards the post, and a higher behavioral engagement. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Buvár
- Institute of People-Environment Transaction, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Eszter Balogh
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zsila
- Institute of Psychology, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
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Hovick SR, Coduto KD, Medero K, Moyer-Gusé E, Senter-Jamieson L. Effects of Exposure to an Entertainment-Based Genetic Testing Narrative on Genetic Testing Knowledge, Attitudes and Counseling Discussion Intentions. J Health Commun 2022; 27:510-519. [PMID: 36281694 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2131941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the effects of exposure to a reality television narrative depicting genetic testing on attitudes and intentions, looking particularly at the effects of narratives containing elements of misinformation on genetics-related knowledge accuracy. In an experiment, participants completed a baseline survey, viewed a high versus low-accuracy narrative, then completed a follow-up survey. Exposure to a low-accuracy narrative was associated with lower knowledge accuracy. Indirect effects of identification and transportation on intentions to talk to a doctor about genetic testing also were detected via attitudes and reduced message counterarguing. Results illustrate the negative implications of inaccurate narratives on knowledge, which is concerning given the public's low level of genetic literacy, as well as the critical role narrative engagement may play in shaping public attitudes and intentions regarding genetic testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly R Hovick
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kathryn D Coduto
- Department of Mass Communication, Advertising & Public Relations, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristina Medero
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Moyer-Gusé
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Hoffman BL, Sidani JE, Wang Y, Chang J, Burke JG. "It Encourages Family Discussion": A Mixed-Methods Examination of the This Is Us Alzheimer's Disease & Caregiving Storyline. J Health Commun 2022; 27:382-393. [PMID: 36045496 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The average United States (U.S.) adult spends approximately one hour interacting directly with a healthcare professional but 2,000 hours watching primetime television annually. Thus, television storylines may be a powerful vehicle for promoting awareness about Alzheimer's disease and caregiving, which affect an estimated 9 million U.S. adults. We used a mixed-methods approach consisting of an online survey of U.S. adult This Is Us viewers (n = 720) and 4 focus groups (n = 12) with a subset of survey respondents to systematically assess viewer perceptions of an Alzheimer's disease and caregiving storyline from the This Is Us television show and the storyline's influence on viewer behavioral intent toward planning for aging. Triangulation of survey and focus group results suggests the storyline may motivate viewers to discuss plans for aging with their family because of a reduction in stigma and seeing on-screen family tensions related to senior care. Results suggest investments in collaborative partnerships between public health and the entertainment industry may be a valuable way to positively impact those affected by Alzheimer's disease and caregiving. Clips from this storyline could also be used as part of health communication campaigns to encourage advanced care planning discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth L Hoffman
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jaime E Sidani
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yunwen Wang
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonah Chang
- Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica G Burke
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Social Dynamics and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Shin Y, Pettigrew J. Testing Narrative Persuasion of a Culturally Grounded, School-Based "Dale Se REAL" Entertainment-Education Intervention and Peer Communication on Nicaraguan Adolescent Substance Use. J Health Commun 2022; 27:222-231. [PMID: 35722984 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2090030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Guided by narrative engagement theory and social cognitive theory, the present study investigates effects of narrative persuasion and peer communication on Nicaraguan adolescent substance use. Eighth-grade students in Nicaragua were recruited to participate in the culturally grounded, school-based prevention intervention Dale se REAL and to watch five entertainment-education intervention videos that teach drug refusal communication strategies. Using the cross-sectional survey (N = 224), a path analysis was run to examine the mediated moderation effects of narrative engagement (e.g., interest, realism, and identification with main characters) and peer communication about the intervention videos (e.g., frequency and valence of communication) on adolescent refusal self-efficacy and substance use behaviors. Results revealed that realism was significantly related to adolescent refusal self-efficacy and frequent peer communication moderated the association between refusal self-efficacy and the past 30-day marijuana use. Findings suggest that health communication scholars should take into consideration social factors and cultural contexts for adolescent substance use prevention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJu Shin
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jonathan Pettigrew
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
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Oh J, Hwang AHC, Lim HS. How Interactive Data Visualization and Users' BMI (Body Mass Index) Influence Obesity Prevention Intentions: The Mediating Effect of Cognitive Absorption. Health Commun 2021; 36:1709-1718. [PMID: 32677479 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1791376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study examines how interactive data visualization can augment the persuasive potential of health information. In an experiment using an obesity-awareness website (N = 248), we manipulated the level of interactivity in a data visualization tool that featured obesity prevalence in the U.S. and measured participants' absorption into the website, perceived issue severity, content perceptions, and intentions to prevent/treat obesity. Our data demonstrated that lower BMI participants reported greater cognitive absorption when highly interactive data visualization was available on the website. Subsequently, greater cognitive absorption into the website led to higher perceived issue severity, greater content perceptions, and higher obesity prevention intentions among lower BMI participants but not among higher BMI participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyun Oh
- The Stan Richards School of Advertising & Public Relations, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Hayoung Sally Lim
- The Stan Richards School of Advertising & Public Relations, The University of Texas at Austin, 78712, Austin, TX, USA
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Al-Rawi A, Grepin K, Li X, Morgan R, Wenham C, Smith J. Investigating Public Discourses Around Gender and COVID-19: a Social Media Analysis of Twitter Data. J Healthc Inform Res 2021; 5:249-269. [PMID: 34258510 PMCID: PMC8266166 DOI: 10.1007/s41666-021-00102-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We collected over 50 million tweets referencing COVID-19 to understand the public’s gendered discourses and concerns during the pandemic. We filtered the tweets based on English language and among three gender categories: men, women, and sexual and gender minorities. We used a mixed-method approach that included topic modelling, sentiment analysis, and text mining extraction procedures including words’ mapping, proximity plots, top hashtags and mentions, and most retweeted posts. Our findings show stark differences among the different genders. In relation to women, we found a salient discussion on the risks of domestic violence due to the lockdown especially towards women and girls, while emphasizing financial challenges. The public discourses around SGM mostly revolved around blood donation concerns, which is a reminder of the discrimination against some of these communities during the early days of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Finally, the discourses around men were focused on the high death rates and the sentiment analysis results showed more negative tweets than among the other genders. The study concludes that Twitter influencers can drive major online discussions which can be useful in addressing communication needs during pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Rawi
- School of Communication, Simon Fraser University, Schrum Science Centre-K 9653, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Karen Grepin
- School of Public Health, Hong Kong University, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaosu Li
- School of Communication, Simon Fraser University, Schrum Science Centre-K 9653, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Rosemary Morgan
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Clare Wenham
- Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics, London, UK
| | - Julia Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Schrum Science Centre-K 9653, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
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Shimazaki T, Iio M, Uechi H, Takenaka K. Emotional experiences of reading health educational manga encouraging behavioral changes: a non-randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol Behav Med 2021; 9:398-421. [PMID: 34104567 PMCID: PMC8159205 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2021.1921583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Educational health manga are used to promote health behavior change. This study thus seeks to achieve the following objectives: identify the emotional experience of reading educational health manga, understand the effects of facilitating the psychological mediators of behavior change through emotional experiences, and compare the effectiveness of educational health manga with conventional materials. DESIGN A non-randomized controlled trial with six conditions was conducted. Target behaviors were physical activity and healthy diet. Individuals aged 20-69 years (n = 1,680) were assigned three manga intervention conditions and three control conditions (visual image-based, narrative text, and general text material). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants were asked about their emotional experience while reading either intervention material or control material and its perceived positive influence on enhancing psychological mediators. RESULTS Four factors relevant to emotional experiences were identified: risk perception, familiarity, satisfaction, and realism. Emotional experience strongly predicted the psychological mediators of behavior change. Analysis of differences among the six conditions revealed that exposure to educational health manga led to greater satisfaction and increased knowledge. Participants assigned manga conditions experienced superior emotional experiences and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Those assigned manga conditions experienced superior emotional experiences and outcomes. The efficacy of educational health manga in encouraging psychological mediators of change was confirmed.Trial registration: UMIN Japan identifier: UMIN000034369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimazaki
- Department of Health & Physical Education, Faculty of Humanities, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misa Iio
- College of Nursing, Kanto-Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Uechi
- Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Koji Takenaka
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Park E, Kwon J, Kim S. Green Marketing Strategies on Online Platforms: A Mixed Approach of Experiment Design and Topic Modeling. Sustainability 2021; 13:4494. [DOI: 10.3390/su13084494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effects of two types of green information conveyed via online platforms and the moderating role of environmental consciousness on customers’ green perceptions, positive attitudes, and behavioral intentions. This study performed a 2 (firm-initiated green information: absent, present) × 2 (customer-generated green information: absent, present) experiment. These mixed methods were further implemented by using both open-ended surveys and structured measurements. Open-ended survey answers were analyzed with structural topic modeling to discover customers’ green perceptions. The results highlighted the importance of customer-generated green information to support firm-initiated green marketing, consequently leading to enhanced customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions. Although displaying green information generated by both the company and its customers is effective in enhancing green perceptions, customers may react differently depending on their levels of environmental consciousness.
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Quintero Johnson JM, Sangalang A, Park SY. First-Person, Third-Person, or Bystander? Exploring the Persuasive Influence of Perspective in Mental Health Narratives. J Health Commun 2021; 26:225-238. [PMID: 33910481 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1916658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As evidence suggests that college students are particularly vulnerable to mental health distress and illness, guidance for designing messages that inspire help-seeking behavior is needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of perspective of storytelling on health message involvement and persuasion. A controlled experiment (N= 430) compared the influence of online mental health narratives targeted to college students that featured a bystander perspective to those that used first- and third-person perspectives. Evidence suggests that the bystander perspective was more effective for producing persuasive outcomes, including mental health information recall and beliefs. Results also indicate that self-referencing mediated the effects of message involvement on outcomes across all message conditions. People with experience with mental illness became involved with and were influenced by mental health narratives in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angeline Sangalang
- Department of Communication, University of Dayton, Dayton, United States
| | - Sun-Young Park
- Communication Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, United States
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Murnane EL, Jiang X, Kong A, Park M, Shi W, Soohoo C, Vink L, Xia I, Xin Y, Yang-Sammataro J, Young G, Zhi J, Moya P, Landay JA. Designing Ambient Narrative-Based Interfaces to Reflect and Motivate Physical Activity. Proc SIGCHI Conf Hum Factor Comput Syst 2020; 2020:10.1145/3313831.3376478. [PMID: 33880463 PMCID: PMC8055101 DOI: 10.1145/3313831.3376478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous technologies now exist for promoting more active lifestyles. However, while quantitative data representations (e.g., charts, graphs, and statistical reports) typify most health tools, growing evidence suggests such feedback can not only fail to motivate behavior but may also harm self-integrity and fuel negative mindsets about exercise. Our research seeks to devise alternative, more qualitative schemes for encoding personal information. In particular, this paper explores the design of data-driven narratives, given the intuitive and persuasive power of stories. We present WhoIsZuki, a smartphone application that visualizes physical activities and goals as components of a multi-chapter quest, where the main character's progress is tied to the user's. We report on our design process involving online surveys, in-lab studies, and in-the-wild deployments, aimed at refining the interface and the narrative and gaining a deep understanding of people's experiences with this type of feedback. From these insights, we contribute recommendations to guide future development of narrative-based applications for motivating healthy behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xin Jiang
- Computer Science, Stanford University
| | - Anna Kong
- Computer Science, Stanford University
| | | | - Weili Shi
- Computer Science, Stanford University
| | | | - Luke Vink
- Computer Science, Stanford University
| | - Iris Xia
- Computer Science, Stanford University
| | - Yu Xin
- Computer Science, Stanford University
| | | | | | - Jenny Zhi
- Computer Science, Stanford University
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Ball JG, Applequist J. The Use of Narratives to Deliver Information in Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Commercials: A Content Analysis. J Health Commun 2019; 24:512-524. [PMID: 31256712 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1631915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Information communicated through a narrative format is typically processed and evaluated differently compared to non-narrative formats. Therefore, differences in the use of narratives across various information categories within direct-to-consumer prescription drug advertisements (DTCA) could have significant implications for consumers' processing of that information. Such differences could have further implications regarding the "fair balance" rule put forth by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This study sought to document the presence and nature of narrative and non-narrative messages in a content analysis of 61 U.S.-based broadcast DTCA airing during 2016. Specific narrative styles (classic drama, vignette, first person, second person, third person) were distinguished from non-narrative styles (lecture, directive, endorsement, graphic/demonstration) according to key characteristics of each (chronology and character, showing versus telling). Results indicated widespread use of narrative styles in DTCA overall, but the styles used differed substantially between different types of information. Narrative styles were delivered prominently to present health condition and drug benefits information while non-narrative styles primarily reinforced drug benefits and presented drug risks. These differences offer a new frame through which to view an imbalanced presentation of drug risks and benefits and provide a foundation for future research to test the effects of various narrative and non-narrative forms on patient understanding and message recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gerard Ball
- a Klein College of Media and Communication, Temple University , Philadelphia , USA
| | - Janelle Applequist
- b Zimmerman School of Advertising and Mass Communications, University of South Florida , Tampa , USA
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Sangalang A, Ophir Y, Cappella JN. The Potential for Narrative Correctives to Combat Misinformation †. J Commun 2019; 69:298-319. [PMID: 31205334 PMCID: PMC6544903 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Misinformation can influence personal and societal decisions in detrimental ways. Not only is misinformation challenging to correct, but even when individuals accept corrective information, misinformation can continue to influence attitudes: a phenomenon known as belief echoes, affective perseverance, or the continued influence effect. Two controlled experiments tested the efficacy of narrative-based correctives to reduce this affective residual in the context of misinformation about organic tobacco. Study 1 (N = 385) tested within-narrative corrective endings, embedded in four discrete emotions (happiness, anger, sadness, and fear). Study 2 (N = 586) tested the utility of a narrative with a negative, emotional corrective ending (fear and anger). Results provide some evidence that narrative correctives, with or without emotional endings, can be effective at reducing misinformed beliefs and intentions, but narratives consisting of emotional corrective endings are better at correcting attitudes than a simple corrective. Implications for misinformation scholarship and corrective message design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yotam Ophir
- Annenberg Public Policy Center at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph N Cappella
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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McQueen A, Caburnay C, Kreuter M, Sefko J. Improving Adherence to Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Randomized Intervention to Compare Screener vs. Survivor Narratives. J Health Commun 2019; 24:141-155. [PMID: 30924402 PMCID: PMC6459702 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1587109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Interventions are needed to increase colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) uptake. Narratives may have advantages over didactic information. We tested different narratives for increasing CRCS intentions and behaviors, and examined their mechanisms of influence. We randomized 477 unscreened adults 50-75 years old to one of three groups: CRCS information only (1) or CRCS information plus a photo and text narrative of a CRC survivor (2) or CRC screener who did not have cancer (3). Photos were tailored on participants' sex, age group, and race/ethnicity. Participants completed online surveys before and after intervention exposure, and 1-, 6-, and 12-months follow-up. Thirty percent of participants completed CRCS. Narrative conditions (vs. information only) were negatively associated with intention, but also positively influenced intentions through greater emotional engagement. Survivor (vs. screener) narratives were positively associated with CRCS, and had mixed effects on intention - positively through emotional engagement and negatively through self-referencing engagement to self-efficacy. Survivor narratives elicited more negative affect, which had positive and negative influences on intention. Continued research using path models to understand the mechanisms of narrative effects will inform theory development and message design. Additional measurement evaluation is needed to adequately capture and then compare the effects of different components of narrative engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy McQueen
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave., Campus Box 8005, St. Louis MO 63110
| | - Charlene Caburnay
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Social Work, 1 Brookings Dr., Campus Box 1196, St. Louis MO 63130
| | - Matthew Kreuter
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Social Work, 1 Brookings Dr., Campus Box 1196, St. Louis MO 63130
| | - Julianne Sefko
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Ave., Campus Box 8005, St. Louis MO 63110
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Abstract
Entertainment-education (E-E) assumes that actors performing content should be ethnically and culturally homogeneous with targeted audiences. The present study challenges this basic E-E assumption. Findings are presented from audience members who viewed When Cancer Calls… This theatrical production was constructed from verbatim transcriptions of naturally occurring telephone conversations between White family members as they communicated about and through their cancer journey. Non-White audience members were significantly more likely than White audience members to (a) regard the performance as authentic, (b) find it would influence "people like me," and (c) recommend the production to others. These findings suggest that all people must rely on communication when facing health challenges together. Such interactions that are fundamental to family membership are thus primal for the human social condition, regardless of differences in race and ethnicity. These findings also suggest innovative approaches to E-E health interventions that may contradict traditional market segmentation theories based on cultural differences and the principle of homophily.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dozier
- a School of Journalism & Media Studies , San Diego State University
| | - Wayne A Beach
- b School of Communication , San Diego State University
| | - Kyle Gutzmer
- c School of Medicine , University of California , San Diego
- d Department of Family and Preventive Medicine , San Diego State University
| | - Aileen Yagade
- a School of Journalism & Media Studies , San Diego State University
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Heilemann MV, Soderlund PD, Kehoe P, Brecht ML. A Transmedia Storytelling Intervention With Interactive Elements to Benefit Latinas' Mental Health: Feasibility, Acceptability, and Efficacy. JMIR Ment Health 2017; 4:e47. [PMID: 29051135 PMCID: PMC5668652 DOI: 10.2196/mental.8571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Latinos report higher rates of depression and anxiety than US whites but are less likely to receive care. Transmedia storytelling interventions accessible on the Internet via smartphones, tablets, and computers hold promise for reducing reluctance to explore or get help for symptoms because they are private, convenient, and can reach large numbers of people, including Latinas with mental health needs. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a mental health transmedia intervention for Latinas with elevated symptoms of depression, anxiety, or both. METHODS A total of 28 symptomatic English-speaking Latina women aged 21 to 48 years participated in a 6-week study using a within-group design. All aspects of the study were completed via telephone or Internet. Participants used their personal devices to engage the Web-based transmedia intervention (in English) that included story-based videos, a data-informed psychotherapeutic video, an interactive video sequence, and a blog written from the point of view of one of the characters with links to mental health resources. Perceived confidence to get help and perceived importance for seeking immediate help were both measured using single-item questions. Participants completed surveys at baseline (via telephone) and 1 and 6 weeks after media engagement that measured various factors, including depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9 and PHQ-8) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale; GAD-7). A telephone interview was conducted within 72 hours of media engagement. Action taken or intentions to get help (single-item question) and talking about the videos with others (single-item question) were measured 1 and 6 weeks after media engagement. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess change in depression (PHQ-8) and anxiety (GAD-7) before transmedia engagement and 1 and 6 weeks after. Spearman correlations evaluated the association of confidence and importance of getting help with action taken, anxiety, and depression. RESULTS All 28 Latinas (English speakers) who engaged with the transmedia remained in the 6-week study. Within 1 week of transmedia engagement, 39% of women took action to get help, and 82% discussed the media with others. Symptoms of depression (F2,54=9.0, P<.001) and anxiety (F2,54=18.7, P<.001) significantly reduced across time. Higher levels of confidence were significantly associated with actions taken at 1 (P=.005) and 6 weeks (P=.04), and higher levels of importance were significantly associated with actions taken at 1 (P=.009) and 6 weeks (P=.003). Higher levels of confidence were associated with lower levels of depression (P=.04) and anxiety (P=.01) at 6 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary findings indicate a culturally tailored mental health transmedia intervention is a feasible approach that holds promise for engaging large numbers of symptomatic English-speaking Latina women to begin the process of seeking help, as well as decreasing symptoms of anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- MarySue V Heilemann
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Patricia D Soderlund
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Priscilla Kehoe
- School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Mary-Lynn Brecht
- School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Quintero Johnson JM, Yilmaz G, Najarian K. Optimizing the Presentation of Mental Health Information in Social Media: The Effects of Health Testimonials and Platform on Source Perceptions, Message Processing, and Health Outcomes. Health Commun 2017; 32:1121-1132. [PMID: 27573748 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1214218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using social media for the purpose of disseminating mental health information is a critical area of scientific inquiry for health communication professionals. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the presence of a first-person testimonial in educational mental health information placed in Facebook and Twitter messages influenced college students' (N = 257) source perceptions, information processing, cognitive elaboration, health information recall, beliefs, and behavioral intentions. Results show that exposure to social media messages that featured mental health information embedded with a testimonial predicted less source homophily and more critical thoughts about the social media source, less systematic message processing, and less cognitive elaboration. Health information recall was significantly impacted by both the social media platform and message content such that participants in the testimonial condition on Facebook were more likely to recall the health facts in those messages whereas participants who viewed the testimonial in Twitter were less likely to recall the facts in those tweets. Compared to those who read Facebook messages, participants who read Twitter messages reported higher levels of systematic message processing. These findings suggest that the integration of health testimonials into social media messages might inadvertently provoke psychological resistance to mental health information, thereby reducing the persuasive impact of those messages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gamze Yilmaz
- a Communication Department , University of Massachusetts Boston
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Abstract
Stories are a powerful means to change people’s attitudes and beliefs. The aim of the current work was to shed light on the role of argument strength (argument quality) in narrative persuasion. The present study examined the influence of strong versus weak arguments on attitudes in a low or high narrative context. Moreover, baseline attitudes, interindividual differences in working memory capacity, and recipients’ transportation were examined. Stories with strong arguments were more persuasive than stories with weak arguments. This main effect was qualified by a two-way interaction with baseline attitude, revealing that argument strength had a greater impact on individuals who initially were particularly doubtful toward the story claim. Furthermore, we identified a three-way interaction showing that argument strength mattered most for recipients who were deeply transported into the story world in stories that followed a typical narrative structure. These findings provide an important specification of narrative persuasion theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Appel
- Psychology Department, University of Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Richter
- Institute of Psychology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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