Solid-liquid extraction of daidzein and genistein from soybean: Kinetic modeling of influential factors

Architecture of a dual biocompatible platform to immobilize genistin: fabrication with physio-chemical and in vitro evaluation

The design of biocompatible cell culture substrates and electrospun nanofibers can improve cell proliferation and behavior in laboratory conditions for tissue engineering applications in medicine. In this research, genistin was obtained by extracting from soybean meal powder, and then by adding polycaprolactone (PCL), genistin nanocapsules were prepared. For the first time, we used a lipophilic nanophase (encapsulated genistin) coated in a hydrophilic nanophase (gelatin /polyvinyl alcohol) as a dual nanosystem by the electrospinning method. In the approach, the nanofibers mimic the natural extracellular matrix, interact favorably with cells being cultured from one side, and raise the local concentration of a bioactive compound at the cell surface. The encapsulated drug which was inserted in fibers with a loading percentage of 92.01% showed appropriate and significant controlled release using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To prove the experiments, analysis using an ultraviolet-visible spectrometer (UV-Vis), 1H NMR spectrometer, Fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR), mechanical test, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscope transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed. The sample synthesized with 40% drug using the MTT method exhibited remarkable biological effects, viability, and non-toxicity. Additionally, significant proliferation and adhesion on the mouse fibroblast cell line L929 were observed within a 72-h timeframe.

Extraction of Isoflavones, Alpha-Hydroxy Acids, and Allantoin from Soybean Leaves-Optimization by a Mixture Design of the Experimental Method

Soybeans are commonly known as a valuable source of biologically active compounds including isoflavones as well as allantoin and alpha-hydroxy acids. Since these compounds exhibit skin therapeutic effects, they are widely used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The presented paper shows the optimization of three solvent systems (ethanol, water, and 1,3-propanediol) to increase the extraction efficiency of isoflavones (daidzin, genistin, 6″-O-malonyldaidzin, 6″-O-malonylglycitin, 6″-O-malonylgenistin), allantoin, and alpha-hydroxy acids (citric acid, malic acid) from soybean leaves. A simplex centroid mixture design for three solvents with interior points was applied for the experimental plan creation. Based on the obtained results of metabolite extraction yield in relation to solvent composition, polynomial regression models were developed. All models were significant, with predicted R-squared values between 0.77 and 0.99, while in all cases the model's lack of fit was not significant. The optimal mixture composition enabling the maximization of extraction efficiency was as follows: 32.9% ethanol, 53.9% water, and 13.3% propanediol (v/v/v). Such a mixture composition provided the extraction of 99%, 91%, 100%, 92%, 99%, 70%, 92%, and 69% of daidzin, genistin, 6″-O-malonyldaidzin, 6″-O-malonylglycitin, 6″-O-malonylgenistin, allantoin, citric acid, and malic acid, respectively. The solvent mixture composition developed provides a good extraction efficiency of the metabolites from soybean leaves and high antioxidant properties.

Genistein From Fructus sophorae Protects Mice From Radiation-Induced Intestinal Injury

The development of an effective pharmacological countermeasure is needed to reduce the morbidity and mortality in high-dose ionizing radiation-induced acute damage. Genistein has shown bioactivity in alleviating radiation damage and is currently synthesized by chemosynthetic methods. Due to concerns about chemical residues and high costs, the clinical application of genistein is still a major challenge. In this study, we aimed to establish an efficient method for the extraction of genistein from Fructus sophorae. The effects of extracted genistein (FSGen) on preventing intestinal injury from radiation were further investigated in this study. C57/BL mice were exposed to 7.5 Gy whole body irradiation with and without FSGen treatments. Histological analysis demonstrated significant structural and functional restitution of the intestine and bone marrow in FSGen-pretreated cohorts after irradiation. Through mRNA expression, protein expression, and small interfering RNA analyses, we demonstrated that FSGen protects IEC-6 cells against radiation damage by upregulating the Rassf1a and Ercc1 genes to effectively attenuate DNA irradiation damage. Together, our data established an effective method to extract genistein from the Fructus sophorae plant with high purity, and validated the beneficial roles of the FSGen in protecting the radiation damage. These results promise the future applications of Fructus sophorae extracted genistein in the protection of radiation related damages.