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A Comparative Study on the Reduction Modes for Quinone to Determine Ubiquinone by HPLC with Luminol Chemiluminescence Detection Based on the Redox Reaction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010096. [PMID: 36615292 PMCID: PMC9822024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquinone (UQ) is considered one of the important biologically active molecules in the human body. Ubiquinone determination in human plasma is important for the investigation of its bioavailability, and also its plasma level is considered an indicator of many illnesses. We have previously developed sensitive and selective chemiluminescence (CL) method for the determination of UQ in human plasma based on its redox cycle with dithiothreitol (DTT) and luminol. However, this method requires an additional pump to deliver DTT as a post-column reagent and has the problems of high DTT consumption and broadening of the UQ peak due to online mixing with DTT. Herein, an HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) system equipped with two types of online reduction systems (electrolytic flow cell or platinum catalyst-packed reduction column) that play the role of DTT was constructed to reduce reagent consumption and simplify the system. The newly proposed two methods were carefully optimized and validated, and the analytical performance for UQ determination was compared with that of the conventional DTT method. Among the tested systems, the electrolytic reduction system showed ten times higher sensitivity than the DTT method, with a limit of detection of 3.1 nM. In addition, it showed a better chromatographic performance and the best peak shape with a number of theoretical plates exceeding 6500. Consequently, it was applied to the determination of UQ in healthy human plasma, and it showed good recovery (≥97.9%) and reliable precision (≤6.8%) without any interference from plasma components.
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Fukuda M, Qianjun L, Kishikawa N, Ohyama K, Kuroda N. Development of ultrafast colorimetric microplate assay method for ubiquinone utilizing the redox cycle of the quinone. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Swainsbury DJK, Proctor MS, Hitchcock A, Cartron ML, Qian P, Martin EC, Jackson PJ, Madsen J, Armes SP, Hunter CN. Probing the local lipid environment of the Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome bc 1 and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 cytochrome b 6f complexes with styrene maleic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1859:215-225. [PMID: 29291373 PMCID: PMC5805856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic vesicles (chromatophores) in the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides represent a minimal structural and functional unit for absorbing photons and utilising their energy for the generation of ATP. The cytochrome bc1 complex (cytbc1) is one of the four major components of the chromatophore alongside the reaction centre-light harvesting 1-PufX core complex (RC-LH1-PufX), the light-harvesting 2 complex (LH2), and ATP synthase. Although the membrane organisation of these complexes is known, their local lipid environments have not been investigated. Here we utilise poly(styrene-alt-maleic acid) (SMA) co-polymers as a tool to simultaneously determine the local lipid environments of the RC-LH1-PufX, LH2 and cytbc1 complexes. SMA has previously been reported to effectively solubilise complexes in lipid-rich membrane regions whilst leaving lipid-poor ordered protein arrays intact. Here we show that SMA solubilises cytbc1 complexes with an efficiency of nearly 70%, whereas solubilisation of RC-LH1-PufX and LH2 was only 10% and 22% respectively. This high susceptibility of cytbc1 to SMA solubilisation is consistent with this complex residing in a locally lipid-rich region. SMA solubilised cytbc1 complexes retain their native dimeric structure and co-purify with 56 ± 6 phospholipids from the chromatophore membrane. We extended this approach to the model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, and show that the cytochrome b6f complex (cytb6f) and Photosystem II (PSII) complexes are susceptible to SMA solubilisation, suggesting they also reside in lipid-rich environments. Thus, lipid-rich membrane regions could be a general requirement for cytbc1/cytb6f complexes, providing a favourable local solvent to promote rapid quinol/quinone binding and release at the Q0 and Qi sites. SMA preferentially solubilises cytbc1 from chromatophore membranes. Solubilised cytbc1 SMALPs contain dimeric complexes co-purified with 56 lipids. SMA-resistant fractions contain RC-LH1-PufX and LH2 rich membrane patches. The Rba. sphaeroides cytbc1 complex is likely to reside in a lipid-rich environment. Similar results for Synechocystis suggest cytbc1/b6f may be universally lipid-rich.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J K Swainsbury
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew S Proctor
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hitchcock
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Michaël L Cartron
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Pu Qian
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth C Martin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Jackson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom; ChELSI Institute, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Steven P Armes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - C Neil Hunter
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Firth Court, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom.
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Contin M, Bonelli P, Lucangioli S, Cukierman A, Tripodi V. Synthesis and characterization of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles for coenzyme Q10 dispersive micro solid phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1456:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.05.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
In the last few years the importance of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) determination has gained clinical relevance. CoQ10 is a redox-active, lipophilic substance integrated in the mitochondrial respiratory chain which acts as an electron carrier for the production of cellular energy. In addition, it is recognized as a primary regenerating antioxidant playing an intrinsic role against oxidative damage. There are some reports of low CoQ10 levels in a number of disorders, such as cancer, muscular, neurodegenerative, cardiological, and reproductive diseases. Therefore, it is a priority to develop analytical methodologies for evaluating CoQ10 in matrices of greater importance for the correct diagnosis of diseases, simple enough to be used in routine clinical laboratories. In this chapter two recently developed techniques, capillary electrophoresis and microHPLC, for the analysis of CoQ10 in biological matrices, are studied.
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Martinefski MR, Contin MD, Rodriguez MR, Geréz EM, Galleano ML, Lucangioli SE, Bianciotti LG, Tripodi VP. Coenzyme Q in pregnant women and rats with intrahepatic cholestasis. Liver Int 2014; 34:1040-8. [PMID: 24118985 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy is a high-risk liver disease given the eventual deleterious consequences that may occur in the foetus. It is accepted that the abnormal accumulation of hydrophobic bile acids in maternal serum are responsible for the disease development. Hydrophobic bile acids induce oxidative stress and apoptosis leading to the damage of the hepatic parenchyma and eventually extrahepatic tissues. As coenzyme Q (CoQ) is considered an early marker of oxidative stress in this study, we sought to assess CoQ levels, bile acid profile and oxidative stress status in intrahepatic cholestasis. METHODS CoQ, vitamin E and malondialdehyde were measured in plasma and/or tissues by HPLC-UV method whereas serum bile acids by capillary electrophoresis in rats with ethinyl estradiol-induced cholestasis and women with pregnancy cholestasis. RESULTS CoQ and vitamin E plasma levels were diminished in both rats and women with intrahepatic cholestasis. Furthermore, reduced CoQ was also found in muscle and brain of cholestatic rats but no changes were observed in heart or liver. In addition, a positive correlation between CoQ and ursodeoxycholic/lithocholic acid ratio was found in intrahepatic cholestasis suggesting that increased plasma lithocholic acid may be intimately related to CoQ depletion in blood and tissues. CONCLUSION Significant CoQ and vitamin E depletion occur in both animals and humans with intrahepatic cholestasis likely as the result of increased hydrophobic bile acids known to produce significant oxidative stress. Present findings further suggest that antioxidant supplementation complementary to traditional treatment may improve cholestasis outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela R Martinefski
- Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Contin M, Flor S, Martinefski M, Lucangioli S, Tripodi V. The use of coenzyme Q0 as a template in the development of a molecularly imprinted polymer for the selective recognition of coenzyme Q10. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 807:67-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Turkowicz MJ, Karpińska J. Analytical problems with the determination of coenzyme Q10 in biological samples. Biofactors 2013; 39:176-85. [PMID: 23303649 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The article discusses analytical problems related to the determination of coenzyme Q10 in biological samples. The assaying of coenzyme Q10 in complex samples, such as plasma, tissues, or food items requires meticulous sample preparation prior to final quantification. The process typically consists of the following steps: deproteinization, extraction, and ultimately reduction of extract volumes. At times drying under a gentle stream of neutral gas is applied. In the case of solid samples, a careful homogenization is also required. Each step of the sample preparation process can be a source of analytical errors that may lead to inaccurate results. The main aim of this work is to point to sources of analytical errors in the preparation process and their relation to physicochemical properties of coenzyme Q10. The article also discusses ways of avoiding and reducing the errors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Joanna Turkowicz
- Voivodship Sanitary-Epidemiological Station in Bialystok, Food Examination Unit, Białystok, Poland.
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