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Chauhan G, Shaik AA, Sawant SS, Diwan R, Mokashi M, Goyal M, Shukla SK, Kunda NK, Gupta V. Continuously producible aztreonam-loaded inhalable lipid nanoparticles for cystic fibrosis-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections - Development and in-vitro characterization. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 166:214027. [PMID: 39255571 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.214027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder affecting nearly 105,000 patients worldwide and is characterized by poor respiratory function due to accumulation of thick mucus in the lungs, which not just acts as a physical barrier, but also provides a breeding ground for bacterial infections. These infections can be controlled with the help of antibiotics which can be delivered directly into the lungs for amplifying the local anti-bacterial effect. More than 50 % of CF patients are associated with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in their lungs which requires antibiotics such as Aztreonam (AZT). In this study, we prepared inhalable AZT-loaded lipid nanoparticles using Hot-melt extrusion (HME) coupled with probe sonication to target Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lungs. The optimized nanoparticles were tested for physicochemical properties, stability profile, in-vitro aerosolization, and antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The optimized nanoparticles with a PEI concentration of 0.1 % demonstrated a uniform particle size of <50 nm, a spherical shape observed under a transmission electron microscope, and >70 % drug entrapment. Incorporating cationic polymer, PEI, resulted in sustained drug release from the lipid nanoparticles. The in-vitro aerosolization studies exhibited a mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of <4.3 μm, suggesting deposition of the nanoparticles in the respirable airway. The antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the minimum inhibitory concentration of the formulation is 2-fold lower than plain AZT. Stability profile showed the formulations are stable after exposure to accelerated conditions. In conclusion, hot-melt extrusion in combination with probe sonication can be used as a potential method for the continuous production of AZT-loaded lipid nanoparticles with enhanced anti-bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Abdul A Shaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Shruti S Sawant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Rimpy Diwan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Meghana Mokashi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Mimansa Goyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Snehal K Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Nitesh K Kunda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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2
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Yu HL, Goh CF. Glycols: The ubiquitous solvent for dermal formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 196:114182. [PMID: 38224756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Glycols stand out as one of the most commonly employed safe and effective excipients for pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical products. Their widespread adoption can be attributed to their exceptional solvency characteristics and their ability to interact effectively with skin lipids and keratin for permeation enhancement. Notably, propylene glycol enjoys significant popularity in this regard. Ongoing research endeavours have been dedicated to scrutinising the impact of glycols on dermal drug delivery and shedding light on the intricate mechanisms by which glycols enhance skin permeation. This review aims to mitigate the discordance within the existing literature, assemble a holistic understanding of the impact of glycols on the percutaneous absorption of active compounds and furnish the reader with a profound comprehension of the foundational facets pertaining to their skin permeation enhancement mechanisms, while simultaneously delving deeper into the intricacies of these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Long Yu
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Choon Fu Goh
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia.
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Kalińska A, Jaworski S, Wierzbicki M, Kot M, Radzikowski D, Smulski S, Gołębiewski M. Silver and Copper Nanoparticles as the New Biocidal Agents Used in Pre- and Post-Milking Disinfectants with the Addition of Cosmetic Substrates in Dairy Cows. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021658. [PMID: 36675172 PMCID: PMC9862900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is one of the most common issues for milk producers around the world. Antibiotic therapy is often ineffective, and therefore, scientists must find a new solution. The aim of this paper is to estimate the influence of common and well-known cosmetic substrates and mixtures of nanoparticles (NPs) and cosmetic substrates on the viability of frequently occurring mastitis pathogens, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The obtained results suggest that only collagen + elastin and glycerine influenced and increased bacteria viability. In case of the rest of the cosmetic substrates, the viability of E. coli and S. aureus was decreased, and the results were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.01). Prepared pre-dipping and dipping mixtures decrease (p ≤ 0.01) the viability of the mentioned pathogens. The obtained results of the in vitro analysis are very promising. In the next step, prepared mixtures should be tested in different herd conditions if they can be used in mastitis prevention or decrease the number of subclinical mastitis cases. Furthermore, these mixtures could become an interesting alternative for organic milk production where conventional preparations and antibiotics are forbidden. However, further analysis, especially on the influence of prepared mixtures on other bacteria species and, algae, fungi, are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kalińska
- Animal Breeding Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.G.)
| | - Sławomir Jaworski
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Mateusz Wierzbicki
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kot
- Animal Breeding Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniel Radzikowski
- Animal Breeding Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sebastian Smulski
- Department of Internal Diseases and Diagnostics, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołębiewski
- Animal Breeding Department, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warszawa, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.G.)
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Batista JVDC, Matos APS, Oliveria AP, Ricci Júnior E, Freitas ZM, Oliveira CA, Toma HK, Capella MAM, Rocha LM, Weissenstein U, Baumgartner S, Holandino C. Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Containing Viscum album Extract for Topic and Transdermal Use: Development, Stability and Cytotoxicity Activity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010037. [PMID: 35056932 PMCID: PMC8780802 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viscum album L. (Santalaceae), also known as European mistletoe, is a semi-parasitic plant that grows on different host trees. Our group recently demonstrated the antitumoral activity of ethanolic V. album extracts in vitro, depending on the dose and the host tree, V. album ssp abietis from Abies alba being the most active extract. The goal of this work focused on the development of a new topical formulation containing V. album extracts, evaluation of in vitro toxicity and ex vivo skin permeation assays. The Poloxamer 407 hydrogel containing 5% of dry (VA_DEH) or aqueous (VA_AEH) extract presented dermal compatible pH and microbiological stability for 180 days. The hydrogels flow curve presented a non-linear relation, characteristic of non-Newtonian fluids, and the mean viscosity for the VA_DEH and VA_AEH was 372.5 ± 7.78 and 331.0 ± 2.83 Pa.s, respectively, being statistically different (Welch’s t test; p < 0.01). Additionally, WST-1 in vitro assays revealed a dose-dependent toxicity for both formulations and VA_DEH presented a higher activity than the VA_AEH. The promising cytotoxic potential of VA_DEH lead to the ex vivo skin permeation assay with 2.73 ± 0.19 µg/cm2 of chlorogenic acid, which permeated at 8 h, showing a transdermal potential. These in vitro results support the idea that VA_DEH is a novel promising candidate for mistletoe therapy. Therefore, further in vivo and pre-clinical experiments should be performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this new dermic delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V. D. C. Batista
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (J.V.D.C.B.); (A.P.O.)
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland;
| | - Ana Paula S. Matos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.P.S.M.); (E.R.J.); (Z.M.F.)
| | - Adriana P. Oliveria
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (J.V.D.C.B.); (A.P.O.)
| | - Eduardo Ricci Júnior
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.P.S.M.); (E.R.J.); (Z.M.F.)
| | - Zaida M. Freitas
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (A.P.S.M.); (E.R.J.); (Z.M.F.)
| | - Catarina A. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educacão, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20270-021, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Helena K. Toma
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular e Hematologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Marcia A. M. Capella
- LaRBio Carlos Chagas Filho, Biophysics Institute, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Leandro M. Rocha
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi 24241-000, RJ, Brazil;
| | | | - Stephan Baumgartner
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland;
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Institute for Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58455 Herdecke, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (C.H.)
| | - Carla Holandino
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil; (J.V.D.C.B.); (A.P.O.)
- Hiscia Institute, Society for Cancer Research, 4144 Arlesheim, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (S.B.); (C.H.)
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Mahmoud DBED, Marzok S. In situ supersaturable polyhydrogels: A feasible modification of the conventional hydrogels for the enhanced delivery of stomach specific hydrophobic drugs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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6
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Puschmann J, Herbig ME, Müller-Goymann CC. Correlation of antimicrobial effects of phenoxyethanol with its free concentration in the water phase of o/w-emulsion gels. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 131:152-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mahmoud DB, Shukr MH, ElMeshad AN. Gastroretentive Cosolvent-Based In Situ Gel as a Promising Approach for Simultaneous Extended Delivery and Enhanced Bioavailability of Mitiglinide Calcium. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:897-906. [PMID: 30267785 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Ion cross-linking in situ gels are novel liquid sustained-release drug delivery systems. These systems are unsuitable for poorly water-soluble drugs such as the novel antidiabetic drug mitiglinide calcium (MTG). Thus, our goal was to assess the possibility of using cosolvency approach in formulating gastroretentive in situ gel of the short half-life MTG to simultaneously enhance its bioavailability and sustain its release. MTG in situ gel formulations were developed using propylene glycol as a cosolvent to dissolve MTG in the polymer solution, followed by characterization of viscosity, gel strength, floating ability, and in vitro MTG release and phramacokinetics evaluation. The optimized formulation (composition: 1% gellan gum, 0.75% sodium alginate, 0.75% calcium carbonate, and 7.5% propylene glycol) exhibited reasonable viscosity but on introduction into simulated gastric fluid, it formed firm gel that floated within seconds over the surface and remained buoyant for 24 h. The formula exhibited in vivo sustained release manner of MTG over 24 h and improved the bioavailability of the drug. Thus, cosolvency presents a promising approach to deliver hydrophobic drugs in sustained-release liquid formulations. These formulations will improve diabetic patients' compliance by eliminating the necessity of frequent dosing with a better disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina B Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Marwa H Shukr
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Aliaa N ElMeshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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Herman A. Antimicrobial Ingredients as Preservative Booster and Components of Self-Preserving Cosmetic Products. Curr Microbiol 2018; 76:744-754. [PMID: 29651551 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-018-1492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This review reports cosmetic ingredients with antimicrobial activity including synthetic and natural (plant and microbial) origin as alternative for preservatives used in cosmetics as well described mechanism of their action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Faculty of Cosmetology, The Academy of Cosmetics and Health Care, Podwale 13 Street, 00-252, Warsaw, Poland.
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Mancini G, Lopes RM, Clemente P, Raposo S, Gonçalves LMD, Bica A, Ribeiro HM, Almeida AJ. Lecithin and parabens play a crucial role in tripalmitin-based lipid nanoparticle stabilization throughout moist heat sterilization and freeze-drying. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guiliana Mancini
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Rui M. Lopes
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Pierpaolo Clemente
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sara Raposo
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - Lídia M. D. Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - António Bica
- Laboratório de Estudos Farmacêuticos (LEF); Barcarena Portugal
| | - Helena M. Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
| | - António J. Almeida
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Lisboa Portugal
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Binks BP, Fletcher PDI, Thompson MA, Elliott RP. Influence of propylene glycol on aqueous silica dispersions and particle-stabilized emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:5723-5733. [PMID: 23627647 DOI: 10.1021/la4008697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the influence of adding propylene glycol to both aqueous dispersions of fumed silica nanoparticles and emulsions of paraffin liquid and water stabilized by the same particles. In the absence of oil, aerating mixtures of aqueous propylene glycol and particles yields either stable dispersions, aqueous foams, climbing particle films, or liquid marbles depending on the glycol content and particle hydrophobicity. The presence of glycol in water promotes particles to behave as if they are more hydrophilic. Calculations of their contact angle at the air-aqueous propylene glycol surface are in agreement with these findings. In the presence of oil, particle-stabilized emulsions invert from water-in-oil to oil-in-water upon increasing either the inherent hydrophilicity of the particles or the glycol content in the aqueous phase. Stable multiple emulsions occur around phase inversion in systems of low glycol content, and completely stable, waterless oil-in-propylene glycol emulsions can also be prepared. Accounting for the surface energies at the respective interfaces allows estimation of the contact angle at the oil-polar phase interface; reasonable agreement between measured and calculated phase inversion conditions is found assuming no glycol adsorption on particle surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard P Binks
- Surfactant & Colloid Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull, UK.
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Raposo S, Salgado A, Eccleston G, Urbano M, Ribeiro HM. Cold processed oil-in-water emulsions for dermatological purpose: formulation design and structure analysis. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:417-29. [PMID: 23617265 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.788516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop, optimize and characterize cold process emulsions that are stable at acidic pH. The main surfactant was selected according to the hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB) concept and surface tension, whereas polymers were selected by viscoelastic measurements and analytical centrifugation. It was showed that the inclusion of methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer crosslinked with decadiene (PVM/MA) increased the storage modulus (G') of the gels (23.9-42.1 Pa) two-fold and the droplet migration decreased from 3.66% to 0.95%/h. Cetrimide was selected as a preservative based on its microbiological results and additional contribution to the stability of the emulsions. Four emulsions were developed that differed by the co-emulsifier used (PEG-20 glyceril laurate and polyglyceryl-4-isostearate) and the glycol (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol and ethoxydiglycol). Viscoelastic measurements and droplet size/microscopic analysis showed that the structure of PEG-20 glyceril laurate emulsion (η' = 76.0 Pa.s at 0.01 Hz and 32.9 ± 3.7 µm, respectively) was stronger compared to polyglyceryl-4-isostearate (η' = 37.4 Pa.s at 0.01 Hz and 37.8 ± 15.7 µm, respectively). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results were in accordance with the latter and showed that PEG-20 glyceril laurate with 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol corresponded to the strongest structure (|224.4| W °C g(-1)). This cold process allowed a total production savings of more than 17% when compared to the traditional hot process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Raposo
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon , Lisbon , Portugal
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13
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Binks BP, Fletcher PD, Thompson MA, Elliott RP. Effect of added diols (glycols) on the emulsion properties of oil, water and surfactant mixtures. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bernardes I, Felipe Rodrigues MP, Bacelli GK, Munin E, Alves LP, Costa MS. Aloe vera extract reduces both growth and germ tube formation by Candida albicans. Mycoses 2011; 55:257-61. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02079.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Khanfar M, Khalil R, AbuJafal A. Evaluation of Preserving Efficacy for Different Cough Syrups Manufactured by Different Pharmaceutical Companies. INT J PHARMACOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2009.319.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Scheler S, Saupe S, Herre A, Fahr A. Preservation of liquid drug preparations for oral administration. J Pharm Sci 2009; 99:357-67. [PMID: 19499567 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate functional interactions between sorbic acid, alcoholic cosolvents, and pH with respect to pharmacopeial requirements for the antimicrobial preservation of oral liquids. Twenty-seven test formulations of sugar-free syrups with varying amounts of glycerol (18-36%), propylene glycol (4-21%), and sorbic acid (0-0.15%) and with different pH values (5-8) were tested for antimicrobial preservation efficacy after inoculation with spores of Aspergillus niger. Multivariate data analysis revealed that at pH 5 the minimum concentration of sorbic acid necessary for a tenfold decrease of viable spores ranges between 0.08% and 0.10% exhibiting only minor dependence on the cosolvents concentration. Various interactions between sorbic acid and cosolvents could be observed and were discussed on basis of the degree of dissociation and distribution of sorbic acid. All tested preparations, even those free of sorbic acid, met the criteria for oral products with aqueous bases according to USP32-NF27 and JP XV which claim no increase from the initial spore count at 14 and 28 days. The EP requirement, not less than 1 log(10) reduction from the initial count at 14 days, was only met by preparations with pH 5 and not less than 0.15% sorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Scheler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Jena, Germany.
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