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Im J, Lee D, Park OJ, Natarajan S, Park J, Yun CH, Han SH. RNA-Seq-based transcriptome analysis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus growth inhibition by propionate. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1063650. [PMID: 36620009 PMCID: PMC9814166 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1063650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen that causes a variety of infectious diseases such as pneumonia, endocarditis, and septic shock. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) evades virtually all available treatments, creating the need for an alternative control strategy. Although we previously demonstrated the inhibitory effect of sodium propionate (NaP) on MRSA, the regulatory mechanism of this effect remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism responsible for the inhibitory effect of NaP on MRSA using RNA-Seq analysis. Total RNAs were isolated from non-treated and 50 mM NaP-treated S. aureus USA300 for 3 h and transcriptional profiling was conducted by RNA-Seq analysis. A total of 171 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with log2 fold change ≥2 and p < 0.05 was identified in the NaP treatment group compared with the control group. Among the 171 genes, 131 were up-regulated and 40 were down-regulated. Upon gene ontology (GO) annotation analysis, total 26 specific GO terms in "Biological process," "Molecular function," and "Cellular component" were identified in MRSA treated with NaP for 3 h. "Purine metabolism"; "riboflavin metabolism"; and "glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism" were identified as major altered metabolic pathways among the eight significantly enriched KEGG pathways in MRSA treated with NaP. Furthermore, the MRSA strains deficient in purF, ilvA, ribE, or ribA, which were the up-regulated DEGs in the metabolic pathways, were more susceptible to NaP than wild-type MRSA. Collectively, these results demonstrate that NaP attenuates MRSA growth by altering its metabolic pathways, suggesting that NaP can be used as a potential bacteriostatic agent for prevention of MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintaek Im
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongwook Lee
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ok-Jin Park
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea,Institutes of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Seung Hyun Han,
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Artini M, Papa R, Sapienza F, Božović M, Vrenna G, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Sabatino M, Garzoli S, Fiscarelli EV, Ragno R, Selan L. Essential Oils Biofilm Modulation Activity and Machine Learning Analysis on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050887. [PMID: 35630332 PMCID: PMC9145053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is often involved in airway infections of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. It persists in the hostile CF lung environment, inducing chronic infections due to the production of several virulence factors. In this regard, the ability to form a biofilm plays a pivotal role in CF airway colonization by P. aeruginosa. Bacterial virulence mitigation and bacterial cell adhesion hampering and/or biofilm reduced formation could represent a major target for the development of new therapeutic treatments for infection control. Essential oils (EOs) are being considered as a potential alternative in clinical settings for the prevention, treatment, and control of infections sustained by microbial biofilms. EOs are complex mixtures of different classes of organic compounds, usually used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections in traditional medicine. Recently, a wide series of EOs were investigated for their ability to modulate biofilm production by different pathogens comprising S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and P. aeruginosa strains. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to develop classification models in order to suggest a possible antibiofilm action for each chemical component of the studied EOs. In the present study, we assessed the biofilm growth modulation exerted by 61 commercial EOs on a selected number of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from CF patients. Furthermore, ML has been used to shed light on the EO chemical components likely responsible for the positive or negative modulation of bacterial biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Filippo Sapienza
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mijat Božović
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Montenegro, Džordža Vašingtona bb, 81000 Podgorica, Montenegro;
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (G.V.)
| | - Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.T.G.A.); (E.V.F.)
| | - Manuela Sabatino
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ersilia Vita Fiscarelli
- Research Unit of Diagnostical and Management Innovations, Children’s Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, 00165 Rome, Italy; (V.T.G.A.); (E.V.F.)
| | - Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (F.S.); (M.S.)
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Società Italiana Ricerca Oli Essenziali, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (L.S.)
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.A.); (R.P.); (G.V.)
- Correspondence: (R.R.); (L.S.)
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Virulence alterations in staphylococcus aureus upon treatment with the sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics. J Adv Res 2021; 31:165-175. [PMID: 34194840 PMCID: PMC8240104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The treatment of patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections mainly relies on antistaphylococcal regimens that are established with effective antibiotics. In antibiotic therapy or while living in nature, pathogens often face the sub-inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antibiotics due to drug pharmacokinetics, diffusion barriers, waste emission, resistant organism formation, and farming application. Different categories of antibiotics at sub-MICs have diverse effects on the physiological and chemical properties of microorganisms. These effects can result in virulence alterations. However, the mechanisms underlying the actions of antibiotics at sub-MICs on S. aureus virulence are obscure. Aim of review In this review, we focus on the effects of sub-MICs of antibiotics on S. aureus virulence from the aspects of cell morphological change, virulence factor expression, bacterial adherence and invasion, staphylococcal biofilm formation, and small-colony variant (SCV) production. The possible mechanisms of antibiotic-induced S. aureus virulence alterations are also addressed. Key scientific concepts of review Five main aspects of bacterial virulence can be changed in S. aureus exposure to the sub-MIC levels of antibiotics, resulting in deformed bacterial cells to stimulate abnormal host immune responses, abnormally expressed virulence factors to alter disease development, changed bacterial adhesion and invasion abilities to affect colonization and diffusion, altered biofilm formation to potentate material-related infections, and increased SCV formation to achieve persistent infection and recurrence. These advanced findings expand our knowledge to rethink the molecular signaling roles of antibiotics beyond their actions as antimicrobial agents.
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