1
|
Krishnakumar BM, Nagarajan R, Selvan KM. Diet Composition and Prey Preference of Tiger, Leopard, and Dhole in Kalakkad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Southern Western Ghats, India. MAMMAL STUDY 2022. [DOI: 10.3106/ms2020-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bawa Mothilal Krishnakumar
- PG and Research Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu 609305, India
| | - Rajarathinavelu Nagarajan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology and Wildlife Biology, A.V.C. College (Autonomous), Mannampandal, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu 609305, India
| | - Kanagaraj Muthamizh Selvan
- Department of Ecology & Environmental Science, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Havmøller RW, Jacobsen NS, Havmøller LW, Rovero F, Scharff N, Bohmann K. DNA metabarcoding reveals that African leopard diet varies between habitats. Afr J Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aje.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Worsøe Havmøller
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen K Denmark
- Department of Anthropology University of California Davis CA USA
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen K Denmark
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Research and CollectionsUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nis Sand Jacobsen
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources Technical University of Denmark Lyngby Denmark
| | - Linnea Worsøe Havmøller
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Research and CollectionsUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Francesco Rovero
- Department of Biology University of Florence Sesto Fiorentino Italy
- Section for Tropical Biodiversity MUSE‐Museo delle Scienze Trento Italy
| | - Nikolaj Scharff
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, Research and CollectionsUniversity of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kristine Bohmann
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics Globe Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen K Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sévêque A, Gentle LK, López-Bao JV, Yarnell RW, Uzal A. Human disturbance has contrasting effects on niche partitioning within carnivore communities. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:1689-1705. [PMID: 32666614 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Among species, coexistence is driven partly by the partitioning of available resources. The mechanisms of coexistence and competition among species have been a central topic within community ecology, with particular focus on mammalian carnivore community research. However, despite growing concern regarding the impact of humans on the behaviour of species, very little is known about the effect of humans on species interactions. The aim of this review is to establish a comprehensive framework for the impacts of human disturbance on three dimensions (spatial, temporal and trophic) of niche partitioning within carnivore communities and subsequent effects on both intraguild competition and community structure. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on carnivore niche partitioning (246 studies) and extracted 46 reported effects of human disturbance. We found evidence that human disturbance impacts resource partitioning, either positively or negatively, in all three niche dimensions. The repercussions of such variations are highly heterogeneous and differ according to both the type of human disturbance and how the landscape and/or availability of resources are affected. We propose a theoretical framework of the three main outcomes for the impacts of human disturbance on intraguild competition and carnivore community structure: (i) human disturbance impedes niche partitioning, increasing intraguild competition and reducing the richness and diversity of the community; (ii) human disturbance unbalances niche partitioning and intraguild competition, affecting community stability; and (iii) human disturbance facilitates niche partitioning, decreasing intraguild competition and enriching the community. We call for better integration of the impact of humans on carnivore communities in future research on interspecific competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Sévêque
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Louise K Gentle
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - José V López-Bao
- Research Unit of Biodiversity (UO/CSIC/PA), Oviedo University, Mieres, 33600, Spain
| | - Richard W Yarnell
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Antonio Uzal
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottinghamshire, NG25 0QF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asad M, Waseem M, Ross JG, Paterson AM. The Un-Common Leopard: presence, distribution and abundance in Gallies and Murree Forest Division, Northern Pakistan. NATURE CONSERVATION 2019. [DOI: 10.3897/natureconservation.37.32748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The leopard Panthera pardus is thought to be sparsely distributed across Pakistan and there is limited understanding of the demographic structure and distribution of the species in this country. We conducted a study, from April to July 2017, and, from March to June 2018, in the northern Pakistan region to establish the presence and distribution of leopards, mindful at the outset of their abundance in that region. The presence of leopards was confirmed in the Swat, Dir and Margalla Hills region. The leopard population in Gallies and Murree Forest Division was preliminarily assessed via camera-trapping. As a result, a total of 63 potential areas of leopard population were identified initially. The leopard was photo captured at 27 locations (hotspots) with 34 capture events yielding 195 images over the course of 3,022 active trap-nights. Camera trap images were examined to identify leopard individuals using their rosette patterns on both the left and right flanks and the dorsal side of the tail. Ultimately, 15 leopard individuals were identified during the first survey period of the study and four individuals were recaptured in the second survey period, together with three new individuals. The detection probability of individual leopards from MARK varied from 0.10 and 0.20 with a population size (preliminarily estimated to be 16–25 (SE = 3.18) in 2107 and 7–13 (SE = 1.87) in 2018. This gave a density of 4.5 to 9.5 leopards/100 km2, respectively. A home range of various individual leopards was found to extend from the Gallies Reserved Forest to the extended corridors of Guzara Forest. In general, this study suggests that the Guzara Forest is crucially important for the conservation of leopards in the region as this area allows them extended movement while searching for food and mates.
Collapse
|
5
|
Reddy CS, Yosef R, Calvi G, Fornasari L. Inter-specific competition influences apex predator–prey populations. WILDLIFE RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/wr19011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
ContextTiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus) and dhole (Cuon alpinus) represent a typical multi-predator system of species of conservation concern. Several studies have addressed this system, with heterogeneous results, and there’s a lack of information on population dynamics of multi-species assemblages. We studied a time series (1998–2009) of abundance indices for three predators and five prey species in Bor Wildlife Sanctuary (BWS), Maharashtra, India, before it was declared as Bor Tiger Reserve (BTR) in 2009.
AimsTo analyse the complex relationships within a predator–prey system in a dynamic fashion, to analyse data collected in a stable and undisturbed area and to form a comparison basis for future studies within the sanctuary after its declaration as a Tiger Reserve.
MethodsA 24-h effort was made annually to census the BWS. Predators were counted at waterholes from arboreal hideouts. The prey populations were censused along 353-km line-transects. For each species, we analysed the yearly growth rate, testing the effect of inter-species abundance.
Key resultsTiger growth rate did not depend on any particular prey, whereas mesopredators seemed to depend on medium-sized prey. A die-out of dholes in 2001 was followed by an increase in tiger populations (from 4 to 11), which, in turn, negatively affected leopard numbers (from 6 to 2).We found no direct evidence of top-down effect, but the density dependence for three of five prey species could be linked to predation pressure. We found some evidence of interspecific competition among prey species, especially among ungulates, potentially being mediated by predation pressure.
ConclusionsThe relationships among species in a predator–prey system are very complex and often could be explained only by more-than-two-species interactions. The disappearance of one predator, not necessarily the top predator, could bring multiple effects, for which it could be difficult to detect causal relationships.
ImplicationsAll subsequent changes in human activities in the sanctuary, as a consequence of its designation as the BTR in 2009, should be evaluated with respect to the results of the present study. The conservation of large predators should rely on the maintenance of a rich and abundant prey base, in which different-sized prey could lessen interactive-competition among the predators.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pokheral CP, Wegge P. Coexisting large carnivores: spatial relationships of tigers and leopards and their prey in a prey-rich area in lowland Nepal. ECOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/11956860.2018.1491512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Wegge
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Ås, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lumetsberger T, Ghoddousi A, Appel A, Khorozyan I, Waltert M, Kiffner C. Re-evaluating models for estimating prey consumption by leopards. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Lumetsberger
- Workgroup on Endangered Species; J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - A. Ghoddousi
- Workgroup on Endangered Species; J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - A. Appel
- Wild Cat Network; Bad Marienberg Germany
| | - I. Khorozyan
- Workgroup on Endangered Species; J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - M. Waltert
- Workgroup on Endangered Species; J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology; Georg-August-Universität Göttingen; Göttingen Germany
| | - C. Kiffner
- Center for Wildlife Management Studies; The School for Field Studies; Karatu Tanzania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
du Preez B, Purdon J, Trethowan P, Macdonald DW, Loveridge AJ. Dietary niche differentiation facilitates coexistence of two large carnivores. J Zool (1987) 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. du Preez
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; Recanati-Kaplan Centre; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - J. Purdon
- The Whale Unit; Mammal Research Institute; The University of Pretoria; Hatfield Pretoria South Africa
| | - P. Trethowan
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; Recanati-Kaplan Centre; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - D. W. Macdonald
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; Recanati-Kaplan Centre; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| | - A. J. Loveridge
- Wildlife Conservation Research Unit; Department of Zoology; Recanati-Kaplan Centre; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Basak K, Mandal D, Babu S, Kaul R, Ashraf NVK, Singh A, Mondal K. Prey Animals of Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) in Dudhwa Landscape, Terai Region, North India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12595-016-0196-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Weiskopf SR, Kachel SM, McCarthy KP. What are snow leopards really eating? Identifying bias in food-habit studies. WILDLIFE SOC B 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/wsb.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Weiskopf
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology; University of Delaware; 531 South College Avenue Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Shannon M. Kachel
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology; University of Delaware; 531 South College Avenue Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Kyle P. McCarthy
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology; University of Delaware; 531 South College Avenue Newark DE 19716 USA
| |
Collapse
|