The association between metabolic syndrome severity and oxidative stress induced by maximal exercise testing - a cross-sectional study

Oxidative balance score was negatively associated with the risk of metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome severity, and all-cause mortality of patients with metabolic syndrome

Background

The oxidative balance score (OBS), an encompassing scoring mechanism for assessing oxidative stress, is formulated based on nutritional and lifestyle components. The emergence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is intricately linked to oxidative stress. Nonetheless, the correlation between OBS and MetS displays variability within distinct cohorts.

Objective

We worked on the relationships between OBS and the risk of MetS, MetS severity, and all-cause mortality of MetS patients.

Methods

A total of 11,171 adult participants were collected from the U.S. National Health Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. Employing survey-weighted logistic models, we evaluated the relationship between OBS and MetS risk. Furthermore, survey-weighted linear models were utilized to investigate the connection between OBS and MetS severity. Among the participants, 3,621 individuals had their survival status recorded, allowing us to employ Cox proportional hazards regression models in order to ascertain the association between OBS and the all-cause mortality within the subset of individuals with MetS. The OBS (where a higher OBS signified an increased prevalence of anti- or pro-oxidant exposures) weighed the 20 factors, while the MetS severity score weighed the five factors.

Results

After multivariable adjustment, individuals with elevated OBS were found to exhibit a decreased susceptibility to MetS [odds ratio (OR) 0.95; 95% CI 0.94-0.96]. The adjusted OR was 0.42 (95% CI 0.33-0.53) for MetS risk in the fourth OBS quartile compared with those in the first OBS quartile (P for trend < 0.001). A one-unit increase in OBS was linked to a 3% reduction in MetS severity score by 3% (mean difference, -0.03; 95% CI, -0.04 to -0.03). Moreover, increased OBS correlated with decreased hazard of all-cause mortality risk among MetS subjects (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.93-0.98). These associations retained their strength even subsequent to the introduction of sensitivity analyses. There existed a statistically significant negative correlation between diet/lifestyle OBS and both MetS risk as well as MetS severity.

Conclusions

An inverse correlation was observed between OBS and the susceptibility to MetS, MetS severity, and all-cause mortality of MetS patients. Health outcomes for MetS patients were positively related to antioxidant diets and lifestyles.

Low serum pepsinogen II levels are closely linked with a risk of metabolic syndrome among healthy individuals with asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection: a cross-sectional study

Aim: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection has a connection with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Pepsinogen II (PGII) is a marker for gastric epithelial function. The present research was aimed at determining the associations among serum PGII levels, Hp infection and MetS in healthy subjects. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 1242 healthy people, including 545 subjects with asymptomatic Hp infection and 697 subjects without Hp infection. Based on the number of MetS components present, subjects with Hp infection were assigned to the following groups: group 1, no component (126 subjects); group 2, one or two components (260 subjects); and group 3, three or more components (159 subjects). Physical measurements and biochemical indices were recorded. Serum PGII levels were recorded using ELISA. SPSS and GraphPad Prism were used for statistical analyses. Results: Among subjects with Hp infection, serum PGII was evidently downregulated in group 3 compared with group 1 (14.95 ± 8.24 vs 17.97 ± 9.08 μg/l; p = 0.015). Serum PGII levels were correlated with an increased risk of MetS (odds ratio: 0.867; 95% CI: 0.772-0.974; p = 0.016), as indicated by the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Grouping subjects with Hp infection according to quartiles of serum PGII levels identified an evident difference in MetS prevalence among the four quartile-based groups (p = 0.047). Conclusions: Among healthy subjects with asymptomatic Hp infection, serum PGII levels were lower in those with MetS than in those without MetS. Serum PGII levels showed an independent and negative correlation with the risk of MetS in healthy subjects with Hp infection.

The therapeutic effects of distinct exercise types on metabolic syndrome-induced reproductive system impairment in male rats: Potential contribution of mitochondria-related genes

A sedentary lifestyle and high fructose dietary habits cause diseases, such as metabolic syndrome (MS). The study was aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effects of different exercise interventions on high fructose-induced MS-mediated reproductive system disruption of male rats. Rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): Control, MS, MS+aerobic exercise (AE) and MS+anaerobic exercise (ANE). MS was induced by using tap water containing 30% fructose for 8 weeks. After the induction of MS, AE/ANE implementations were started for 6 weeks. Testis tissue and serum samples of rats were stored for biochemical and molecular analyses. Serum total antioxidant status level increased in the MS+AE group compared to all groups. Also, serum total oxidant status level, which increased by MS, decreased with AE, but not altered with ANE. Moreover, MS markedly decreased serum luteinizing hormone, but not changed the follicle-stimulating hormone. However, serum hormone levels were similar to the control group in both MS+AE and MS+ANE groups. MS upregulated mitochondria-related genes' mRNA expressions (MFN2, PGC1A, PPARG, PARP2 and TXNL4B). These increases, except for PPARG, were normalized with both exercise types. These results revealed that mitochondria-related genes may have a crucial role in MS-mediated male reproductive impairment and therapeutic effects of exercises.