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Jauregi Zinkunegi A, Bruno D, Betthauser TJ, Langhough R, Asthana S, Chin NA, Hermann BP, Johnson SC, Mueller KD. A comparison of story-recall metrics to predict hippocampal volume in older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:453-470. [PMID: 37349970 PMCID: PMC10739621 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2223389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Process-based scores of episodic memory tests, such as the recency ratio (Rr), have been found to compare favourably to, or to be better than, most conventional or "traditional" scores employed to estimate memory ability in older individuals (Bock et al., 2021; Bruno et al., 2019). We explored the relationship between process-based scores and hippocampal volume in older adults, while comparing process-based to traditional story recall-derived scores, to examine potential differences in their predictive abilities. Methods: We analysed data from 355 participants extracted from the WRAP and WADRC databases, who were classified as cognitively unimpaired, or exhibited mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia. Story Recall was measured with the Logical Memory Test (LMT) from the Weschler Memory Scale Revised, collected within twelve months of the magnetic resonance imaging scan. Linear regression analyses were conducted with left or right hippocampal volume (HV) as outcomes separately, and with Rr, Total ratio, Immediate LMT, or Delayed LMT scores as predictors, along with covariates. Results: Higher Rr and Tr scores significantly predicted lower left and right HV, while Tr showed the best model fit of all, as indicated by AIC. Traditional scores, Immediate LMT and Delayed LMT, were significantly associated with left and right HV, but were outperformed by both process-based scores for left HV, and by Tr for right HV. Conclusions: Current findings show the direct relationship between hippocampal volume and all the LMT scores examined here, and that process-based scores outperform traditional scores as markers of hippocampal volume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tobey J Betthauser
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Rebecca Langhough
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel A Chin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly D Mueller
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Weitzner DS, Calamia M. Serial position effects and mild cognitive impairment: a comparison of measures and scoring approaches. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:813-824. [PMID: 37254866 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2214298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serial position effects (SPEs) have shown promise as predictors of future cognitive decline and conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD), even when accounting for total learning and memory scores. However, conflicting results have been found in the literature, which may be at least partially related to the many ways in which SPEs are calculated. The current study aimed to address the discrepancies in the literature by examining whether one method of analyzing SPEs is more sensitive at distinguishing those with and without psychometrically defined MCI. METHOD 86 older adult participants (57 healthy comparison, 29 MCI) completed the California Verbal Learning Test, Third Edition (CVLT3) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), along with measures assessing multiple cognitive domains. Each participant completed two visits, between 3 and 9 days apart, with a different memory measure administered on each day. The standard scoring approach and the regional scoring approach to calculating SPEs were compared. RESULTS Results showed that, when significant differences were found, SPEs were always reduced in the MCI group compared to the healthy comparison group when using regional scoring; however, results were not as consistent when using standard scoring. Further, lower primacy than recency scores were only consistently seen in the MCI group when using the RAVLT but not the CVLT3. ROC analyses showed that only regional scoring of SPEs from delayed recall of the RAVLT and the CVLT3 accurately discriminated between those with and without MCI. CONCLUSION Regional scoring of SPEs may be more sensitive at identifying subtle cognitive decline compared to standard scoring. However, the specific measure that is used to analyze SPEs can impact the interpretation of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Calamia
- Psychology Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Bruno D, Jauregi Zinkunegi A, Kollmorgen G, Suridjan I, Wild N, Carlsson C, Bendlin B, Okonkwo O, Chin N, Hermann BP, Asthana S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Langhough R, Johnson SC, Mueller KD. The recency ratio assessed by story recall is associated with cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurodegeneration biomarkers. Cortex 2023; 159:167-174. [PMID: 36630749 PMCID: PMC9931664 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recency refers to the information learned at the end of a study list or task. Recency forgetting, as tracked by the ratio between recency recall in immediate and delayed conditions, i.e., the recency ratio (Rr), has been applied to list-learning tasks, demonstrating its efficacy in predicting cognitive decline, conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of neurodegeneration. However, little is known as to whether Rr can be effectively applied to story recall tasks. To address this question, data were extracted from the database of the Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the University of Wisconsin - Madison. A total of 212 participants were included in the study. CSF biomarkers were amyloid-beta (Aβ) 40 and 42, phosphorylated (p) and total (t) tau, neurofilament light (NFL), neurogranin (Ng), and α-synuclein (a-syn). Story Recall was measured with the Logical Memory Test (LMT). We carried out Bayesian regression analyses with Rr, and other LMT scores as predictors; and CSF biomarkers (including the Aβ42/40 and p-tau/Aβ42 ratios) as outcomes. Results showed that models including Rr consistently provided best fits with the data, with few exceptions. These findings demonstrate the applicability of Rr to story recall and its sensitivity to CSF biomarkers of neurodegeneration, and encourage its inclusion when evaluating risk of neurodegeneration with story recall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bruno
- School of Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - Cynthia Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathaniel Chin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Bruce P Hermann
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK; UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, UK; Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden; Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Rebecca Langhough
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kimberly D Mueller
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Bruno D, Jauregi Zinkunegi A, Pomara N, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Koscik RL, Carlsson C, Bendlin B, Okonkwo O, Hermann BP, Johnson SC, Mueller KD. Cross-sectional associations of CSF tau levels with Rey's AVLT: A recency ratio study. Neuropsychology 2022. [PMID: 35604714 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000821.advanceonlinepublication] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The preeminent in vivo cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid β 1-42 (Aβ42), phosphorylated Tau (p-tau), and total Tau (t-tau). The goal of this study was to examine how well traditional (total and delayed recall) and process-based (recency ratio [Rr]) measures derived from Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning test (AVLT) were associated with these biomarkers. METHOD Data from 235 participants (Mage = 65.5, SD = 6.9), who ranged from cognitively unimpaired to mild cognitive impairment, and for whom CSF values were available, were extracted from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. Bayesian regression analyses were carried out using CSF scores as outcomes, AVLT scores as predictors, and controlling for demographic data and diagnosis. RESULTS We found moderate evidence that Rr was associated with both CSF p-tau (Bayesian factor [BFM] = 5.55) and t-tau (BFM = 7.28), above and beyond the control variables, while it did not correlate with CSF Aβ42 levels. In contrast, total and delayed recall scores were not linked with any of the AD biomarkers, in separate analyses. When comparing all memory predictors in a single regression, Rr remained the strongest predictor of CSF t-tau levels (BFM = 3.57). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that Rr may be a better cognitive measure than commonly used AVLT scores to assess CSF levels of p-tau and t-tau in nondemented individuals. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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