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Bogucka A, Kopiczko A, Charzewska J. Sarcopenia: prevalence and its main risk factors in older women. ANTHROPOLOGICAL REVIEW 2023. [DOI: 10.18778/1898-6773.86.1.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sarcopenia is a major public health concern. It is defined as a progressive and generalized skeletal muscle disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of falls, fractures, physical disability, and ultimately, premature death.
Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and determine the role of physical activity, nutrient intake, and selected risk factors for the development of sarcopenia in older women.
Methods: The study involved 302 women aged ≥65 years (mean age: 72.1± 5.9 years). Bioelectrical impedance analysis of body composition, static muscle strength measurements, Timed Up and Go test, and the assessment of current physical activity using accelerometers were performed. Diets were assessed using the 24-h recall method from two non-consecutive days. The energy and nutrient content of diets was calculated using the computer program DIETA 6.
Results: Sarcopenia was present in 28.8% of the women studied. The most important factor in the decrease in the risk of sarcopenia was protein intake ≥ 0.9 g/kg b.m. (OR=0.08;p<0.001), and physical activity ≥ 4000 steps/day. However, these results were not statistically significant (OR=0.58; p=0.08). Furthermore, the risk of developing sarcopenia increased as BMI (OR=1.36; p<0.001) or percent of body fat (OR=1.29; p<0.001) increased.
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Reid N, Weerasekera S, Hubbard RE, Gordon EH. Frailty in ethnic minority women. Maturitas 2021; 152:26-31. [PMID: 34674805 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In majority populations in high- and middle-income countries, women live longer yet experience higher levels of frailty than men of the same age. It is unclear whether this 'sex-frailty paradox' is present in ethnic minority populations. In this narrative review, we explore biological, behavioural and social factors associated with mortality, morbidity and frailty in women, particularly ethnic minority women. We ascertain that natural menopause occurs earlier in women of particular ethnicities. Ethnic minority women (living in high-income countries) have more children and higher rates of chronic disease and disability, all of which are associated with frailty. In some ethnic minorities, women are less likely to engage in deleterious health behaviours such as smoking and alcohol consumption. However, in others the reverse is true. Women from migrant ethnic minorities tend to have lower levels of physical activity. With time, they can also adopt adverse behavioural patterns of the majority population. Although the evidence is sparse, sex differences in health reporting and social assets, as well as gender roles, are likely to contribute to sex differences in frailty in ethnic minorities. Overall, ethnic minority women are a particularly vulnerable group, but the majority of risk factors for frailty appear to be mutable rather than fixed. Future research may examine interventions that target frailty in different races and ethnicities at individual, population and global levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Reid
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Shavini Weerasekera
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ruth E Hubbard
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emily H Gordon
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Princess Alexandra Hospital, Metro South Health Hospital and Health Service, Queensland, Australia
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Dedeyne L, Dupont J, Verschueren S, Koppo K, Tournoy J, Matthys C, Gielen E. Personalized Protein Supplementation Improves Total Protein, Leucine, and Energy Intake in (Pre)Sarcopenic Community-Dwelling Older Adults in the ENHANce RCT. Front Nutr 2021; 8:672971. [PMID: 34434950 PMCID: PMC8381276 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.672971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recommendations concerning protein quantity, source, and leucine intake for older adults are difficult to reach by regular dietary intake. This randomized clinical trial assesses in sarcopenic community-dwelling older adults (i) the regular (non-supplemented) daily protein and leucine intake; and (ii) the effect of personalized protein supplementation (aiming for an evenly distributed total protein intake of 1.5 g·kg-1·d-1 of body mass, accounting for energy intake) on regular and total (dietary and supplemental) intake. A preliminary feasibility study in participants of the ongoing Exercise and Nutrition for Healthy AgeiNg (ENHANce) study was performed with the objective to assess the intake and distribution of regular dietary protein and leucine, protein source and energy intake in (pre)sarcopenic community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, this study aimed to assess if personalized protein supplementation was feasible without negatively affecting regular dietary intake. ENHANce (NCT03649698) is a 5-armed RCT that assesses the effect of anabolic interventions on physical performance in (pre)sarcopenic older adults. In August 2019, n = 51 participants were included in ENHANce with complete available data on dietary intake at screening and thus eligible for inclusion in present analysis. Of these, n = 35 participants completed the intervention period of ENHANce at the moment of analysis, allowing an exploration of the effect of supplementation on regular dietary intake. The regular dietary protein intake of 51 (pre)sarcopenic adults (73.6 ± 6.5 years) was 1.06 ± 0.3 g·kg-1·d-1 of body mass. Protein supplementation (n = 20) improved total protein intake to 1.55 ± 0.3 g·kg-1·d-1 of body mass (P < 0.001) without affecting regular dietary protein (P = 0.176) or energy intake (P = 0.167). Placebo supplementation (n = 15) did not affect regular dietary protein intake (P = 0.910) but decreased regular dietary energy intake (P = 0.047). Regular leucine intake was unevenly distributed over the day, but increased by supplementation at breakfast (P < 0.001) and dinner (P = 0.010) to at least 2.46 g leucine·meal-1, without reducing regular dietary leucine intake (P = 0.103). Animal-based protein intake-the main protein source-was not affected by supplementation (P = 0.358). Personalized protein supplementation ensured an adequate quantity and even distribution of protein and leucine over the day, without affecting regular dietary protein or energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenore Dedeyne
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolan Dupont
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Tournoy
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (CHROMETA), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Endocrinology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Overdevest E, Dorhout BG, Nicolaou M, van Valkengoed IGM, Haveman-Nies A, Oztürk H, de Groot LCPGM, Tieland M, Weijs PJM. Dietary Protein Intake in Older Adults from Ethnic Minorities in the Netherlands, a Mixed Methods Approach. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010184. [PMID: 33435317 PMCID: PMC7827587 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Optimizing protein intake is a novel strategy to prevent age associated loss of muscle mass and strength in older adults. Such a strategy is still missing for older adults from ethnic minority populations. Protein intake in these populations is expected to be different in comparison to the majority of the population due to several socio-cultural factors. Therefore, the present study examined the dietary protein intake and underlying behavioral and environmental factors affecting protein intake among older adults from ethnic minorities in the Netherlands. We analyzed frequency questionnaire (FFQ) data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort using ANCOVA to describe dietary protein intake in older adults from ethnic minorities in the Netherlands (N = 1415, aged >55 years, African Surinamese, South Asian Surinamese, Moroccan, and Turkish). Additionally, we performed focus groups among older adults from the same ethnic minority populations (N = 69) to discover behavioral and environmental factors affecting protein intake; 40-60% of the subjects did not reach minimal dietary protein recommendations needed to maintain muscle mass (1.0 g/kg bodyweight per day (BW/day)), except for Turkish men (where it was 91%). The major sources of protein originated from animal products and were ethnic specific. Participants in the focus groups showed little knowledge and awareness about protein and its role in aging. The amount of dietary protein and irregular eating patterns seemed to be the major concern in these populations. Optimizing protein intake in these groups requires a culturally sensitive approach, which accounts for specific protein product types and sociocultural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvera Overdevest
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.O.); (M.T.); (P.J.M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-6-21155667
| | - Berber G. Dorhout
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands; (B.G.D.); (L.C.P.G.M.d.G.)
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (I.G.M.v.V.)
| | - Irene G. M. van Valkengoed
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1012 WX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (M.N.); (I.G.M.v.V.)
| | - Annemien Haveman-Nies
- Chair Group Consumption and Healthy Lifestyles, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Halime Oztürk
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.O.); (M.T.); (P.J.M.W.)
| | - Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6700 EW Wageningen, The Netherlands; (B.G.D.); (L.C.P.G.M.d.G.)
| | - Michael Tieland
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.O.); (M.T.); (P.J.M.W.)
| | - Peter J. M. Weijs
- Center of Expertise Urban Vitality, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, 1067 SM Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (H.O.); (M.T.); (P.J.M.W.)
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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