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Scarff S, Gullo HL, Nalder EJ, Fleming J. Further investigations into performance variance on the Multiple Errands Test. Aust Occup Ther J 2024; 71:102-112. [PMID: 37953706 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1630.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Multiple Errands Test (MET) is a complex, performance-based assessment that is useful for characterising the impact of impairments of executive function on everyday activities. However, performance variance amongst those without neurological pathology, and the impact of non-cognitive factors on this, requires further investigation. METHODS This was a cross-sectional analytic study, conducted with a convenience sample of 40 neurologically intact community-dwelling Australian adults. Participants completed a hospital or shopping centre version of the MET, where their Performance Efficiency, Task Completions and Rule Breaks were recorded. Non-cognitive factors of interest were demographic (age, sex and education), psychological (measured with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and self-ratings of test anxiety) and assessment-related (assessment site, self-reported site familiarity and observed strategy use). MET performance was analysed using descriptive statistics. A series of standard multiple and binary logistic regression analyses examined the relationships between MET performance and non-cognitive factors. RESULTS Most participants (n = 35, 87.5%) completed at least 10 of the 12 prescribed tasks and broke an average of four rules (SD = 2.36). They achieved an average performance efficiency rating of 0.75/1 (SD = 0.15), suggesting variability in the extent to which participants made non-essential location stops and/or failed to complete tasks whilst at an essential location. The assessment site and participant site familiarity had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) impact on Performance Efficiency and Task Completion scores, and psychological factors had a statistically significant (p < 0.05) relationship with Rule Breaks. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that the impact of factors other than cognition should be considered when interpreting MET performance. The assessment site and participant site familiarity may contribute to significant variability in Performance Efficiency scores. Clinicians should also be aware of the potential impact of these assessment-related factors on Task Completions and psychological distress on Rule Breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Scarff
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- Surgical, Treatment and Rehabilitation Service, Herston, Australia
| | - Hannah L Gullo
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Australia
| | - Emily J Nalder
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy & Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Fleming
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Scarff SM, Nalder EJ, Gullo HL, Fleming J. The Multiple Errands Test: A Guide for Site-Specific Version Development. Can J Occup Ther 2023; 90:280-296. [PMID: 36448237 DOI: 10.1177/00084174221142184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Background. The complex and real-world nature of the Multiple Errands Test (MET) makes it a valuable and increasingly popular assessment of cognitive function. However, these same qualities make its local implementation challenging. Purpose. To produce an evidence-based guide for site-specific adaptation of the MET. Method. The CAN-IMPLEMENT© knowledge translation framework informed a structured approach to the creation of a guide to site-specific version development, informed by twenty-two published approaches to MET adaptation. Applicability of the guide was supported by a two-phase revision process, in which a site-specific hospital and community version produced from its recommendations were administered with forty-two neurologically intact participants and stakeholder feedback obtained. Findings. We offer an outline of core components which maintain the integrity of the MET, and adaptable peripheries which may be modified when required by the local setting. Implications. The proposed guide provides a systematic yet flexible guide for site-specific MET development.
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Dai Y, Xia R, Wang D, Li S, Yuan X, Li X, Liu J, Wang M, Kuang Y, Chen S. Effect of acupuncture on episodic memory for amnesia-type mild cognitive impairment: study protocol of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:268. [PMID: 37507779 PMCID: PMC10375685 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04059-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is the main subtype of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and has the highest risk of conversion to Alzheimer's disease (AD) among all MCI subtypes. Episodic memory impairment is the early cognitive impairment of aMCI, which has become an important target for AD prevention. Previous clinical evidence has shown that acupuncture can improve the cognitive ability of MCI patients. This experiment aimed to observe the efficacy and neural mechanism of TiaoshenYizhi acupuncture on the episodic memory of patients with aMCI. METHODS In this multicenter, parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 360 aMCI participants will be recruited from six subcenters and randomly assigned to the acupuncture group, sham acupuncture group, and control group. The acupuncture group will receive TiaoshenYizhi (TSYZ) acupuncture, the sham acupuncture group will use streitberger sham acupuncture, and the control group will only receive free health education. Participants in the two acupuncture groups will receive real acupuncture treatment or placebo acupuncture three times per week, 24 sessions over 8 consecutive weeks. The primary outcome will be global cognitive ability. Secondary outcomes will be a specific cognitive domain, including episodic memory and execution ability, electroencephalogram, and functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Outcomes will be measured at baseline and the fourth and eighth weeks after randomization. Repeated measurement analysis of variance and a mixed linear model will be used to observe the intervention effect. DISCUSSION The protocol will give a detailed procedure to the multicenter clinical trial to further evaluate the efficacy and neural mechanism of TiaoshenYizhi acupuncture on episodic memory in patients with aMCI. From this research, we expect to provide clinical evidence for early aMCI management. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=142612&htm=4 , identifier: ChiCTR2100054009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Dai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuqian Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xu Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xingjie Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengyang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxing Kuang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shangjie Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Baoan Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Rotenberg S, Dawson DR. Characterizing Cognition in Everyday Life of Older Adults With Subjective Cognitive Decline. OTJR-OCCUPATION PARTICIPATION AND HEALTH 2022; 42:269-276. [PMID: 35499254 PMCID: PMC9459355 DOI: 10.1177/15394492221093310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), the subjective experience of
worsening cognition with no objective cognitive impairment, poses a
heightened risk for dementia. This study aimed to characterize
cognition in the everyday life of people with SCD, is crucial for
understanding and preventing further functional and cognitive decline.
One hundred and thirty-five older adults (age 70.7±6.7) with SCD were
assessed using functional-cognition measures: Multifactorial Memory
Questionnaire (MMQ), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive
Function–Adult version (BRIEF-A), and Multiple Errands Test (MET). The
resulted showed that older adults with SCD reported lower memory
satisfaction (Hedges’s g = 0.41) on the MMQ, and
worse metacognition on the BRIEF-A (Hedges’s g =
0.63) compared with published normative data. They completed an
average of only 6/12 required tasks on the MET. The findings show
functional difficulties related to SCD and inform the development of
occupational therapy intervention for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shlomit Rotenberg
- University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deirdre R. Dawson
- University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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