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Martin-Payo R, Fernandez-Alvarez MDM, Gonzalez-Mendez X, Muñoz-Mancisidor A, Lopez-Dicastillo O. Young Women's Needs Regarding Sexual Preventive Behaviours and Unwanted Pregnancies. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:425. [PMID: 38391801 PMCID: PMC10888484 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12040425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Unwanted pregnancies are considered a public health problem that affects women's mental health and quality of life. The aim of this paper was to access university students' understanding and behaviours regarding unwanted pregnancies and identify their needs to prevent them. Qualitative descriptive design was used, and 13 semi-structured interviews were carried out. Women between 18 and 20 years old participated. They discussed a lack of training for themselves, their partners, and their families, their desire to have access to non-in-person health care resources, and their belief that contraception was expensive. Emotional aspects were relevant, affecting the way communication is established with those close to them and with health professionals. Despite the existence of access to sexual health resources, the findings show the existence of needs related to the prevention of unwanted pregnancies. The findings are presented grouping the main identified needs as "related to capability", "related to opportunity", and "related to motivation". Among the aspects to consider when designing interventions to prevent unwanted pregnancies are the feelings shown by these women, the inclusion of couples and family members in educational programs, and access to non-face-to-face health resources and less expensive contraceptive methods. Interventions for social support and understanding of women are necessary both to prevent unwanted pregnancies and to support adolescents with unwanted pregnancies by avoiding criminalization or blame.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Martin-Payo
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- PRECAM Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Fernandez-Alvarez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- PRECAM Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Xana Gonzalez-Mendez
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- PRECAM Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Atención Primaria, Área Sanitaria 3, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, 33401 Aviles, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Muñoz-Mancisidor
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
- PRECAM Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Unidad Materno-Infantil, Área Sanitaria 3, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, 33401 Aviles, Spain
| | - Olga Lopez-Dicastillo
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Pública de Navarra-UPNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- CreaP Research Group, Universidad Pública de Navarra-UPNA, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Lőczi LL, Török M, Vezér M, Gerszi D, Gyarmathy VA, Ács N, Várbíró S, Keszthelyi M. Motivators for emergency contraception: Previous pregnancy and condom rupture. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23757. [PMID: 38192856 PMCID: PMC10772218 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Little is known about the motivations to apply for emergency contraception (EC). Our first aim was to explore the motivating circumstances to use EC as fast as possible. Our second aim was to explore the contraceptive method of the population seeking EC. Study design This present retrospective observational study between July 2021 and September 2021 is embedded in the MEEC (Motivation and Epidemiology of Emergency Contraceptive Pill) based on the study cohort of a Hungarian data bank containing follow-up data of 455 women applied for EC telemedicine consultation. Variables assessed were: age, gynecological history (pregnancies, abortions, miscarriages), data of the intercourse (elapsed time, contraceptive method), and data of the menstrual cycle, and relationship status. Results Of all patients, 59.3 % reported condom rupture, 29.5 % no protection, and 11.2 % other. Patients using condom applied for EC significantly sooner than those using no protection and using other protective methods. A significantly shorter elapsed time was observed in patients with a history of a previous pregnancy. No significant relationship was seen between the way of protection, previous pregnancies, and surprisingly the time of ovulation despite the obvious intention of avoiding pregnancy. Conclusions This is the first study to examine the potential role of epidemiologic factors as motivators for EC on the basis of a large patient cohort. Our study demonstrates the significant role of condom rupture/use and the history of previous pregnancies to be the strongest motivators for EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotti Lúcia Lőczi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marianna Török
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
- Workgroup for Science Management Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 22., 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Vezér
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Gerszi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V. Anna Gyarmathy
- EpiConsult LLC, 8 The Green, STE A, Dover, DE, 19904, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Nándor Ács
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Várbíró
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
- Workgroup for Science Management Doctoral School, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 22., 1085, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márton Keszthelyi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/a, 1082, Budapest, Hungary
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Leon-Larios F, Gutiérrez Ales J, Puente Martínez MJ, Correa Rancel M, Lahoz Pascual I, Silva Reus I, Quílez Conde JC. Results of the National Contraception Survey Conducted by Sociedad Española de Contracepción (2020). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133777. [PMID: 35807063 PMCID: PMC9267860 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The National Contraception Survey conducted by Sociedad Española de Contracepción intends to know the sexual and contraceptive habits of Spanish women of reproductive age. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study with random sample selection was conducted with women aged from 14 to 49 years old in July and August 2020. Results: A total of 1801 women participated in the study, of which 78.7% used some contraception method during their sexual relationships. The most frequently used methods were condoms (31.3%) and combined oral contraceptives (18.5%) at their last sexual encounter. A total of 25.7% used both condoms and pills, especially younger women and those who had no steady partners (p < 0.001). Use of Long-acting Reversible Contraceptives continues to be low, although a slight increase in their use is observed, and they are recommended for 50% of the users who need contraception. Counselling on contraception was provided to 64.3% of the women, mainly by their gynaecologists. Regarding the decision to use a contraceptive method, the one suggested by health professionals was more influential, although this was not the case for women aged less than 20 years old (p < 0.001). A total of 38.4% of the women have used emergency oral contraception at least once and 66.8% of those who do not make continuous use of contraception methods do so out of personal choice. Conclusions: It is necessary to deepen work on counselling and awareness among the population towards the use of efficient contraceptive methods that prevent unplanned pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Correa Rancel
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 Tenerife, Spain;
- Departamento de Obstetricia-Ginecología, Pediatría, Preventiva, Medicina Legal y Forense, Microbiología, Parasitología, Universidad de la Laguna, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Silva Reus
- Centro de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva de Villena, 03400 Alicante, Spain;
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Leon-Larios F, Ruiz-Ferron C, Jalon-Neira RM, Praena-Fernández JM. Nursing Students' Knowledge, Awareness, and Experiences of Emergency Contraception Pills' Use. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020418. [PMID: 35054112 PMCID: PMC8780468 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergency contraception pill (ECP) is a non-prescribed medication in Spain. However, there is not enough evidence of its use among young people to define sex education contents. The aims of this research were to describe the experiences of the use of the ECP in university students and analyze their knowledge, attitude, and awareness regarding the ECP. The cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted with nursing degree students at the University of Seville. A total of 478 students answered the questionnaire. All of the students (100%) had heard about the ECP and had a positive attitude towards this contraceptive. A total of 25.7% had used the ECP, mainly because a condom had failed or because they did not use any contraceptive at all. Deficiencies in knowledge are related with the ECPs' mechanism of action, efficacy after repeated use, and the type of ECP available. Female students who used no method at all or withdrawal, and who were over 20 years old, used ECP to a greater extent (p < 0.005). Further education initiatives focused on the use of the ECP, its efficacy, and typology are needed, particularly among future health professionals who will later educate other young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Leon-Larios
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (F.L.-L.); (J.-M.P.-F.)
| | - Cecilia Ruiz-Ferron
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (F.L.-L.); (J.-M.P.-F.)
- University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013 Seville, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Juan-Manuel Praena-Fernández
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain; (F.L.-L.); (J.-M.P.-F.)
- Unit Biostatistic, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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