1
|
Ideological justification of the sectarian political system in Lebanon. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 32:138-145. [PMID: 31541861 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We start by summarizing recent research on system justification theory, highlighting studies conducted outside the U.S. to expand the cross-national scope of the theory. Next we describe major findings in social and political psychology pertaining to religiosity, political conservatism, and various forms of system justification before turning to a specific case of entrenched inequality, namely the sectarian political system in Lebanon. We discuss the results of a nationally representative survey of 500 Lebanese adults conducted in 2016. Consistent with system justification theory, we observed that religiosity and political conservatism were positively associated with general and economic forms of system justification as well as support for the sectarian political system in Lebanon. We situate these findings in a broader historical and cultural analysis of Lebanon and other sectarian societies and highlight ways in which applying psychological theories and methods to novel and distinctive socio-ecological contexts can lead to practical insights and perhaps even policy recommendations.
Collapse
|
2
|
Badaan V, Jost JT, Osborne D, Sibley CG, Ungaretti J, Etchezahar E, Hennes EP. Social Protest and Its Discontents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3167/cont.2018.060102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
3
|
El-Jardali F, Bou-Karroum L, Ataya N, El-Ghali HA, Hammoud R. A retrospective health policy analysis of the development and implementation of the voluntary health insurance system in Lebanon: learning from failure. Soc Sci Med 2014; 123:45-54. [PMID: 25462604 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Public policymaking is complex and suffers from limited uptake of research evidence, particularly in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). In-depth case studies examining health policymaking in the EMR are lacking. This retrospective policy analysis aims at generating insights about how policies are being made, identifying factors influencing policymaking and assessing to what extent evidence is used in this process by using the Lebanese Voluntary Health Insurance policy as a case study. The study examined the policymaking process through a policy tracing technique that covered a period of 12 years. The study employed a qualitative research design using a case study approach and was conducted in two phases over the course of two years. Data was collected using multiple sources including: 1) a comprehensive and chronological media review; 2) twenty-two key informant interviews with policymakers, stakeholders, and journalists; and 3) a document review of legislations, minutes of meetings, actuarial studies, and official documents. Data was analyzed and validated using thematic analysis. Findings showed that the voluntary health insurance policy was a political decision taken by the government to tackle an urgent political problem. Evidence was not used to guide policy development and implementation and policy implementers and other stakeholders were not involved in policy development. Factors influencing policymaking were political interests, sectarianism, urgency, and values of policymakers. Barriers to the use of evidence were lack of policy-relevant research evidence, political context, personal interests, and resource constraints. Findings suggest that policymakers should be made more aware of the important role of evidence in informing public policymaking and the need for building capacity to develop, implement and evaluate policies. Study findings are likely to matter in light of the changes that are unfolding in some Arab countries and the looming opportunities for policy reforms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadi El-Jardali
- Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Knowledge to Policy (K2P) Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Center for Systematic Reviews of Health Policy and Systems Research (SPARK), American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Research, Advocacy and Public Policy-making Program, Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon; Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, CRL-209, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Lama Bou-Karroum
- Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Nour Ataya
- Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Hana Addam El-Ghali
- Research, Advocacy and Public Policy-making Program, Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy and International Affairs, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Hammoud
- Department of Health Management and Policy, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Riad El Solh, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|