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Vanderlip CR, Lee MD, Stark CEL. Cognitive modeling of the Mnemonic Similarity Task as a digital biomarker for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 39239893 DOI: 10.1002/alz.14163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Mnemonic Similarity Task (MST) is a popular memory task designed to assess hippocampal integrity. We assessed whether analyzing MST performance using a multinomial processing tree (MPT) cognitive model could detect individuals with elevated Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker status prior to cognitive decline. METHOD We analyzed MST data from >200 individuals (young, cognitively healthy older adults and individuals with mild cognitive impairment [MCI]), a subset of which also had existing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (pTau) data using both traditional and model-derived approaches. We assessed how well each could predict age group, memory ability, MCI status, Aβ, and pTau status using receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS Both approaches predicted age group membership equally, but MPT-derived metrics exceeded traditional metrics in all other comparisons. DISCUSSION A MPT model of the MST can detect individuals with AD prior to cognitive decline, making it a potentially useful tool for screening and monitoring older adults during the asymptomatic phase of AD. HIGHLIGHTS The MST, along with cognitive modeling, identifies individuals with memory deficits and cognitive impairment. Cognitive modeling of the MST identifies individuals with increased AD biomarkers prior to changes in cognitive function. The MST is a digital biomarker that identifies individuals at high risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R Vanderlip
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 1424 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Michael D Lee
- Department of Cognitive Science, 3151 Social Sciences Plaza A, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, 1424 Biological Sciences III, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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Schäfer S, Tröger J, Kray J. Modern scores for traditional tests - Review of the diagnostic potential of scores derived from word list learning tests in mild cognitive impairment and early Alzheimer's Disease. Neuropsychologia 2024; 201:108908. [PMID: 38744410 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Episodic memory impairment is one of the early hallmarks in Alzheimer's Disease. In the clinical diagnosis and research, episodic memory impairment is typically assessed using word lists that are repeatedly presented to and recalled by the participant across several trials. Until recently, total learning scores, which consist of the total number of words that are recalled by participants, were almost exclusively used for diagnostic purposes. The present review aims at summarizing evidence on additional scores derived from the learning trials which have recently been investigated more frequently regarding their diagnostic potential. These scores reflect item acquisition, error frequencies, strategy use, intertrial fluctuations, and recall consistency. Evidence was summarized regarding the effects of clinical status on these scores. Preclinical, mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer's Disease stages were associated with a pattern of reduced item acquisition, more errors, less strategy use, and reduced access of items, indicating slowed and erroneous encoding. Practical implications and limitations of the present research will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jutta Kray
- Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Gasparini M, Scandola M, Amato S, Salati E, Facci E, Gobbetto V, Bruno G, Vanacore N, Gambina G, Moro V. Normative data beyond the total scores: a process score analysis of the Rey's 15 word test in healthy aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:2605-2613. [PMID: 38253743 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07330-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Rey's 15 words test is currently the most frequently used task in Italy to detect memory deficits in AD. The current standardised version is however quite outdated and lacks some cognitive indexes which may highlight problems in recall or encoding processes. The aim of the study was to update the normative data of the test and to consider some variables which were not accounted for in the original study, that is, recognition, learning rate and forgetfulness. We also adopted the process scores approach to ascertain the effects of serial position (primacy and recency). METHODS Three hundred ninety-six healthy participants were recruited. To detect any variables useful for intercepting the early stages of dementia, a group of 208 patients in the very early stage of AD was also recruited. Linear models were used to calculate the corrections scores for age, education, and gender, and ROCs were used to calculate cut-offs based on the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity and the positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS All main indexes showed excellent Area Under the Curve (0.90-1), strong sensitivity and PPVs for distinguishing between the HCs and AD participants. However, the Intrusions index performed poorly in all parameters. CONCLUSION The study provides updated, normative data which may be reliably used as a cognitive marker to detect early AD. The strength of the study is the large sample size and the number of indexes which make it possible to explore the utility of memory test process scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Gasparini
- Cognitive and Language Rehabilitation Center "Sinapsy", Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | - Emanuela Salati
- Department Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Valentina Moro
- Department Human Sciences, Verona University, Verona, Italy
- Verona Memory Center - CEMS, Verona, Italy
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Samson AD, Rajagopal S, Pasvanis S, Villeneuve S, McIntosh AR, Rajah MN. Sex differences in longitudinal changes of episodic memory-related brain activity and cognition in cognitively unimpaired older adults with a family history of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 40:103532. [PMID: 37931333 PMCID: PMC10652211 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Episodic memory decline is an early symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD) - a neurodegenerative disease that has a higher prevalence rate in older females compared to older males. However, little is known about why these sex differences in prevalence rate exist. In the current longitudinal task fMRI study, we explored whether there were sex differences in the patterns of memory decline and brain activity during object-location (spatial context) encoding and retrieval in a large sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults from the Pre-symptomatic Evaluation of Novel or Experimental Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease (PREVENT-AD) program who are at heightened risk of developing AD due to having a family history (+FH) of the disease. The goal of the study was to gain insight into whether there are sex differences in the neural correlates of episodic memory decline, which may advance knowledge about sex-specific patterns in the natural progression to AD. Our results indicate that +FH females performed better than +FH males at both baseline and follow-up on neuropsychological and task fMRI measures of episodic memory. Moreover, multivariate data-driven task fMRI analysis identified generalized patterns of longitudinal decline in medial temporal lobe activity that was paralleled by longitudinal increases in lateral prefrontal cortex, caudate and midline cortical activity during successful episodic retrieval and novelty detection in +FH males, but not females. Post-hoc analyses indicated that higher education had a stronger effect on +FH females neuropsychological scores compared to +FH males. We conclude that higher educational attainment may have a greater neuroprotective effect in older +FH females compared to +FH males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria D Samson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Sricharana Rajagopal
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Stamatoula Pasvanis
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Centre for Studies on the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease (StoP-AD), Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Anthony R McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada; Institute for Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada; Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Centre for Cerebral Imaging, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada.
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5
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Weitzner DS, Calamia M. Serial position effects and mild cognitive impairment: a comparison of measures and scoring approaches. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:813-824. [PMID: 37254866 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2023.2214298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Serial position effects (SPEs) have shown promise as predictors of future cognitive decline and conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD), even when accounting for total learning and memory scores. However, conflicting results have been found in the literature, which may be at least partially related to the many ways in which SPEs are calculated. The current study aimed to address the discrepancies in the literature by examining whether one method of analyzing SPEs is more sensitive at distinguishing those with and without psychometrically defined MCI. METHOD 86 older adult participants (57 healthy comparison, 29 MCI) completed the California Verbal Learning Test, Third Edition (CVLT3) and the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), along with measures assessing multiple cognitive domains. Each participant completed two visits, between 3 and 9 days apart, with a different memory measure administered on each day. The standard scoring approach and the regional scoring approach to calculating SPEs were compared. RESULTS Results showed that, when significant differences were found, SPEs were always reduced in the MCI group compared to the healthy comparison group when using regional scoring; however, results were not as consistent when using standard scoring. Further, lower primacy than recency scores were only consistently seen in the MCI group when using the RAVLT but not the CVLT3. ROC analyses showed that only regional scoring of SPEs from delayed recall of the RAVLT and the CVLT3 accurately discriminated between those with and without MCI. CONCLUSION Regional scoring of SPEs may be more sensitive at identifying subtle cognitive decline compared to standard scoring. However, the specific measure that is used to analyze SPEs can impact the interpretation of findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Calamia
- Psychology Department, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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De Vita D, Sagliano L, Trojano L. Memory biases in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. A systematic review and metanalysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105277. [PMID: 37286118 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrated that individuals are more likely to remember emotional than neutral information; this phenomenon is known as emotional enhancement of memory (EEM). Adults generally tend to remember negative information more efficiently than neutral or positive items. In contrast, healthy elders seem to show an opposite bias for positive information, but results are inconsistent, also because during aging, elaboration of emotional information could change as a consequence of cognitive impairment. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we conducted literature search of studies investigating emotion memory biases in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) on PubMed, Scopus and PsycINFO databases following PRISMA guidelines. The findings showed that emotional memory biases are still present despite the presence of cognitive impairment, both in MCI and at least in early stages of AD. However, the direction of emotion memory biases is not consistent across studies. These results suggest that patients with cognitive impairment might still benefit from EEM and help to define targets of intervention for cognitive rehabilitation in pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila De Vita
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Laura Sagliano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Luigi Trojano
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Viale Ellittico 31, 81100 Caserta, Italy
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Fernández Arias J, Therriault J, Thomas E, Lussier FZ, Bezgin G, Tissot C, Servaes S, Mathotaarachchi SS, Schoemaker D, Stevenson J, Rahmouni N, Kang MS, Pallen V, Poltronetti NM, Wang YT, Kunach P, Chamoun M, Quispialaya S KM, Vitali P, Massarweh G, Gauthier S, Rajah MN, Pascoal T, Rosa-Neto P. Verbal memory formation across PET-based Braak stages of tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad146. [PMID: 37252014 PMCID: PMC10213301 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A classical early sign of typical Alzheimer's disease is memory decline, which has been linked to the aggregation of tau in the medial temporal lobe. Verbal delayed free recall and recognition tests have consistently probed useful to detect early memory decline, and there is substantial debate on how performance, particularly in recognition tests, is differentially affected through health and disease in older adults. Using in vivo PET-Braak staging, we investigated delayed recall and recognition memory dysfunction across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum. Our cross-sectional study included 144 cognitively unimpaired elderly, 39 amyloid-β+ individuals with mild cognitive impairment and 29 amyloid-β+ Alzheimer's disease patients from the Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia cohort, who underwent [18F]MK6240 tau and [18F]AZD4694 amyloid PET imaging, structural MRI and memory assessments. We applied non-parametric comparisons, correlation analyses, regression models and voxel-wise analyses. In comparison with PET-Braak Stage 0, we found that reduced, but not clinically significant, delayed recall starts at PET-Braak Stage II (adjusted P < 0.0015), and that recognition (adjusted P = 0.011) displayed a significant decline starting at PET-Braak Stage IV. While performance in both delayed recall and recognition related to tau in nearly the same cortical areas, further analyses showed that delayed recall rendered stronger associations in areas of early tau accumulation, whereas recognition displayed stronger correlations in mostly posterior neocortical regions. Our results support the notion that delayed recall and recognition deficits are predominantly associated with tau load in allocortical and neocortical areas, respectively. Overall, delayed recall seems to be more dependent on the integrity of anterior medial temporal lobe structures, while recognition appears to be more affected by tau accumulation in cortices beyond medial temporal regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fernández Arias
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Joseph Therriault
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Emilie Thomas
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Firoza Z Lussier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Gleb Bezgin
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Cécile Tissot
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Stijn Servaes
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Sulantha S Mathotaarachchi
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Dorothée Schoemaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jenna Stevenson
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nesrine Rahmouni
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Min Su Kang
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Vanessa Pallen
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Nina Margherita Poltronetti
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Peter Kunach
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Mira Chamoun
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Kely M Quispialaya S
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Paolo Vitali
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Gassan Massarweh
- Department of Radiochemistry, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Serge Gauthier
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurger, McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Maria N Rajah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Tharick Pascoal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Correspondence to: Pedro Rosa-Neto, MD, PhD The McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging 6825 LaSalle Blvd, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada E-mail:
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Hopkins J, Hill K, Jacques A, Burton E. Prevalence, risk factors and effectiveness of falls prevention interventions for adults living with Mild Cognitive Impairment in the community: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rehabil 2022; 37:215-243. [PMID: 36189497 DOI: 10.1177/02692155221129832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify falls prevalence, falls risk factors and evaluate the effectiveness of falls prevention interventions for community-dwelling people with Mild Cognitive Impairment. DATA SOURCES Peer-reviewed articles (inception to 4 August 2022) from PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo, EMBASE, Scopus, SportDiscus and the Cochrane library. REVIEW METHODS All types of methodological approaches were considered. Inclusion criteria were community-dwelling; diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment; aged 50+ years. Interventions needed to include falls prevention programs aiming to reduce falls and/or risk of falls. Outcomes of interest included number and/or rate of falls, falls prevalence and falls risk factors. For controlled trials, any control group was included. Quality assessment was completed using Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool for randomized controlled trials and the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers from a Variety of Fields for all other studies. Where statistical data pooling was not possible, narrative synthesis was used to present data in tables and figures. RESULTS Forty-seven studies were included. Prevalence of falls was 43% when data were gathered prospectively for 12 months. Confirmed falls risk factors included slow gait, dual-tasking, postural control and non-amnesic Mild Cognitive Impairment. Few studies evaluated interventions to reduce falls. Six meta-analyses were conducted, no significant reduction in falls was found. CONCLUSIONS Until further high-quality, adequately powered studies are available to guide practice, best practice guidelines recommend balance training as a core component of falls prevention programs for older people generally, as well as people with Mild Cognitive Impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Hopkins
- Curtin School of Allied Health, 1649Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Keith Hill
- Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Jacques
- Curtin School of Allied Health, 1649Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, 3431University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - Elissa Burton
- Curtin School of Allied Health, 1649Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.,enAble Institute, 1649Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Castegnaro A, Howett D, Li A, Harding E, Chan D, Burgess N, King J. Assessing mild cognitive impairment using object-location memory in immersive virtual environments. Hippocampus 2022; 32:660-678. [PMID: 35916343 PMCID: PMC9543035 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathological changes in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) are found in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging. The earliest pathological accumulation of tau colocalizes with the areas of the MTL involved in object processing as part of a wider anterolateral network. Here, we sought to assess the diagnostic potential of memory for object locations in iVR environments in individuals at high risk of AD dementia (amnestic mild cognitive impairment [aMCI] n = 23) as compared to age-related cognitive decline. Consistent with our primary hypothesis that early AD would be associated with impaired object location, aMCI patients exhibited impaired spatial feature binding. Compared to both older (n = 24) and younger (n = 53) controls, aMCI patients, recalled object locations with significantly less accuracy (p < .001), with a trend toward an impaired identification of the object's correct context (p = .05). Importantly, these findings were not explained by deficits in object recognition (p = .6). These deficits differentiated aMCI from controls with greater accuracy (AUC = 0.89) than the standard neuropsychological tests. Within the aMCI group, 16 had CSF biomarkers indicative of their likely AD status (MCI+ n = 9 vs. MCI- n = 7). MCI+ showed lower accuracy in the object-context association than MCI- (p = .03) suggesting a selective deficit in object-context binding postulated to be associated with anterior-temporal areas. MRI volumetric analysis across healthy older participants and aMCI revealed that test performance positively correlates with lateral entorhinal cortex volumes (p < .05) and hippocampus volumes (p < .01), consistent with their hypothesized role in binding contextual and spatial information with object identity. Our results indicate that tests relying on the anterolateral object processing stream, and in particular requiring successful binding of an object with spatial information, may aid detection of pre-dementia AD due to the underlying early spread of tau pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castegnaro
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - David Howett
- School of Psychological ScienceUniversity of BristolBristolUK
| | - Adrienne Li
- Department of PsychologyYork UniversityTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Elizabeth Harding
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dennis Chan
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Neil Burgess
- Institute of Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - John King
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health PsychologyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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Cotelli M, Ferrari C, Gobbi E, Binetti G, Manenti R, Sandrini M. tDCS-Induced Memory Reconsolidation Effects: Analysis of Prominent Predicting Factors. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:814003. [PMID: 35368257 PMCID: PMC8969754 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.814003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Memory impairment is among one of the greatest cognitive complaints in midlife and in old age. Considering the importance of good memory functioning in everyday life, it is crucial to study interventions that can reduce the natural decline in this cognitive function. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) studies have demonstrated that the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a causal role in enhancing episodic memory recall through reconsolidation. Using a similar paradigm with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the left lateral PFC, facilitation effects were observed in delayed memory retrieval in older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMCs) and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI). However, it remains unclear which potential factors (i.e., tDCS group, cognitive reserve, education level, diagnosis and encoding performance) directly and/or indirectly modulate the tDCS-induced memory reconsolidation effects. Methods We reanalyzed data acquired in our previous tDCS studies with 22 SMC and 18 aMCI participants from the perspective of predicting delayed memory retrieval performance. These studies included a learning session on Day 1, a reactivation by a contextual reminder followed by 15 min of tDCS session on Day 2 (24 h after Day 1), and two retrieval sessions (free recall and recognition) tested on Days 3 and 30 (48 h and 30 Days after Day 1). Results Univariate models showed that tDCS group (sham vs. active) significantly predicted memory recognition (but not free recall), evidenced by higher scores in the active tDCS group than in sham group, confirming our previous results. Encoding performance and diagnosis (SMC vs. aMCI) significantly predicted memory retrieval, suggesting higher performances in individuals with SMC than in those with aMCI. Regarding cognitive reserve, higher leisure time activity subscores significantly predicted better memory recognition. Finally, multiple models did not show any tDCS group × predictor interaction effects, indicating that the effects of the predictors on retrieval occurred irrespective of tDCS group. Conclusion Our results shed light on predicting factors of episodic memory retrieval in this reconsolidation paradigm in individuals with SMC and aMCI. The findings suggest that multifactorial interventions program may be most promising to slow cognitive decline and delay the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Clarissa Ferrari
- Statistics Service, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena Gobbi
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giuliano Binetti
- MAC Memory Clinic and Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Rosa Manenti
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rosa Manenti,
| | - Marco Sandrini
- School of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Oltra-Cucarella J, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Ferrer-Cascales R. Predicting Alzheimer's disease with practice effects, APOE genotype and brain metabolism. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 112:111-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Bastin C, Bahri MA, Giacomelli F, Miévis F, Lemaire C, Degueldre C, Balteau E, Guillaume B, Salmon E. Familiarity in Mild Cognitive Impairment as a Function of Patients' Clinical Outcome 4 Years Later. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 35:321-326. [PMID: 34310441 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study addresses the nature of memory difficulties in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Whereas recollection is consistently found to be impaired in aMCI, the results on familiarity are divergent. One potential factor that could explain this divergence in findings relates to the heterogeneity of aMCI patients, so that only those aMCI patients who develop Alzheimer disease (AD) may present with impaired familiarity. The present study aimed at testing this hypothesis. METHODS A group of 45 aMCI patients and a group of 26 healthy older adults performed a verbal recognition memory test with the Remember/Know paradigm to assess recollection and familiarity processes. All participants were followed for 4 years with clinical and neuropsychological testing. At the end of follow-up, 22 aMCI patients progressed to AD and 23 aMCI patients remained stable. Initial memory performance was compared between the 3 groups. RESULTS Whereas recollection was severely diminished in all aMCI patients, familiarity accuracy (and consequently global recognition accuracy) was found to be impaired only in aMCI patients who subsequently developed AD. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the enrichment of the aMCI population with predementia stage patients may modulate the likelihood to observe familiarity deficits, and impaired global recognition accuracy may accompany incipient AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Bastin
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège
- F.R.S.-National Funds for Scientific Research Belgium
| | - Mohamed A Bahri
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège
| | | | - Frédéric Miévis
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège
| | | | | | - Evelyne Balteau
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège
| | | | - Eric Salmon
- GIGA-Cyclotron Research Centre In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège
- Memory Clinic, CHU Liège, Liège, Belgium
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13
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LaPlume AA, Paterson TSE, Gardner S, Stokes KA, Freedman M, Levine B, Troyer AK, Anderson ND. Interindividual and intraindividual variability in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) measured with an online cognitive assessment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:796-812. [PMID: 34556008 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1982867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mean cognitive performance is worse in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) compared to control groups. However, studies on variability of cognitive performance in aMCI have yielded inconclusive results, with many differences in variability measures and samples from one study to another. METHODS We examined variability in aMCI using an existing older adult sample (n = 91; 51 with aMCI, 40 with normal cognition for age), measured with an online self-administered computerized cognitive assessment (Cogniciti's Brain Health Assessment). Our methodology extended past findings by using pure measures of variability (controlling for confounding effects of group performance or practice), and a clinically representative aMCI sample (reflecting the continuum of cognitive performance between normal cognition and aMCI). RESULTS Between-group t-tests showed significantly greater between-person variability (interindividual variability or diversity) in overall cognitive performance in aMCI than controls, although the effect size was with a small to moderate effect size, d = 0.44. No significant group differences were found in within-person variability (intraindividual variability) across cognitive tasks (dispersion) or across trials of a response time task (inconsistency), which may be because we used a sample measuring the continuum of cognitive performance. Exploratory correlation analyses showed that a worse overall score was associated with greater inter- and intraindividual variability, and that variability measures were correlated with each other, indicating people with worse cognitive performance were more variable. DISCUSSION The current study demonstrates that self-administered online tests can be used to remotely assess different types of variability in people at risk of Alzheimer`s. Our findings show small but significantly more interindividual differences in people with aMCI. This diversity is considered as "noise" in standard assessments of mean performance, but offers an interesting and cognitively informative "signal" in itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise A LaPlume
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest (Fully Affiliated with the University of Toronto), Toronto, Canada
| | - Theone S E Paterson
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada.,Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health Program, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra Gardner
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest (Fully Affiliated with the University of Toronto), Toronto, Canada.,Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathryn A Stokes
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health Program, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada
| | - Morris Freedman
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest (Fully Affiliated with the University of Toronto), Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Mt. Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian Levine
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest (Fully Affiliated with the University of Toronto), Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Angela K Troyer
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Health Program, Baycrest, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest (Fully Affiliated with the University of Toronto), Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Carlesimo GA, Taglieri S, Zabberoni S, Scalici F, Peppe A, Caltagirone C, Costa A. Subjective organization in the episodic memory of individuals with Parkinson's disease associated with mild cognitive impairment. J Neuropsychol 2021; 16:161-182. [PMID: 34089629 DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Word clustering (i.e., the ability to reproduce the same word pairs in consecutive recall trials of an unrelated word list) has been extensively investigated as a proxy of subjective organization (SO) of memorandum. In healthy subjects and in groups of brain-damaged patients, the rate of SO generally predicts accuracy of word list recall. This study aimed at evaluating SO in the performance of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) on a word list recall task in order to investigate the basic mechanisms of episodic memory impairment that are frequently observed in these patients. For this purpose, 56 PD patients, who were stratified according to the presence and quality of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and a group of healthy controls (HCs) were administered a word list task and an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests. Results showed that recall accuracy on the word list task progressively decreased passing from HC to PD patients without cognitive impairment, to patients with single-domain dysexecutive MCI and to patients with multiple-domain dysexecutive and amnesic MCI. Conversely, only the latter PD group showed a lower SO score than that achieved by the other groups. In the overall PD group, correlational and regression analyses demonstrated that SO scores and a composite score of executive functions were not reciprocally related, but both provided an independent and significant contribution to the prediction of word list recall accuracy. These data are discussed in terms of the contribution of executive functions and hippocampal storage processes to the onset of memory impairment in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Taglieri
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.,IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Costa
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.,Niccolò Cusano University, Rome, Italy
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15
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Cammisuli DM, Pagni C, Palermo G, Frosini D, Bonaccorsi J, Radicchi C, Cintoli S, Tommasini L, Tognoni G, Ceravolo R, Bonuccelli U. Mild Cognitive Impairment in de novo Parkinson's Disease: Selective Attention Deficit as Early Sign of Neurocognitive Decay. Front Psychol 2021; 12:546476. [PMID: 33859587 PMCID: PMC8042228 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.546476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the present study, we aimed to better investigate attention system profile of Parkinson's disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) patients and to determine if specific attentional deficits are associated with 123I-FP-CIT SPECT. Methods: A total of 44 de novo drug-naïve PD patients [(27) with normal cognition (PD-NC) and 17 with MCI (PD-MCI)], 23 MCI patients and 23 individuals with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI) were recruited at the Clinical Neurology Unit of Santa Chiara hospital (Pisa University Medical School, Italy). They were assessed by a wide neuropsychological battery, including Visual Search Test (VST) measuring selective attention. Performances among groups were compared by non-parametric tests (i.e., Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney, Bonferroni corrected). Further, Spearman's rank correlations were performed to explore the association between neuropsychological variables and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT data in PD subgroup. Results: PD-MCI patients performed worse on VST than patients with PD-NC (p = 0.002), patients with MCI and individuals with SCI (p < 0.001). The performance of PD-MCI patients on VST significantly correlated with caudate nucleus 123I-FP-CIT SPECT uptake (rho = 0.582, p < 0.05), whereas a negative correlation between such test and 123I-FP-CIT SPECT uptake in the left putamen (rho = -0.529, p < 0.05) was found in PD-NC patients. Conclusions: We suggest that selective attention deficit might be a trigger of cognitive decay in de novo PD-MCI patients. The VST should be routinely used to detect attentional deficits in hospital clinical practice, in the light of its closely association with dopamine depletion of basal ganglia in mildly impaired PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Pagni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Palermo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Frosini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Joyce Bonaccorsi
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudia Radicchi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Cintoli
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drugs and Child Health Area, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Luca Tommasini
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gloria Tognoni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ubaldo Bonuccelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale (USL) Toscana Nord Ovest, Pisa, Italy
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16
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Manenti R, Sandrini M, Gobbi E, Binetti G, Cotelli M. Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Episodic Memory in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 75:1403-1413. [PMID: 30395314 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gby134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Episodic memory is impaired in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), which is posited as a potential prodromal form of Alzheimer's disease. Reactivated existing memories become sensitive to modification during reconsolidation. There is evidence that the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays causal role in episodic memory reconsolidation. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applied to the PFC after a contextual reminder enhanced episodic memory performance up to 1 month, conceivably through reconsolidation, in older adults with subjective memory complaints, a condition that may represent a "pre-mild cognitive impairment" stage. The aim of this pilot study was to test the effect of PFC-tDCS (anode over left lateral PFC, cathode over right supraorbital area) after a contextual reminder on episodic memory in older adults with aMCI. METHOD Older adults with aMCI learned a list of words. Twenty-four hours later, tDCS (Active or Sham) was applied after a contextual reminder. Memory retrieval (free recall and recognition) was tested 48 hrs and 1 month after the learning session. RESULTS Active tDCS enhanced recognition memory relative to Sham stimulation. DISCUSSION Modulating reconsolidation with PFC-tDCS might be a novel intervention to enhance episodic memories in aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Manenti
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Sandrini
- Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | | | - Giuliano Binetti
- Molecular Markers Laboratory.,MAC Memory Center, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Cotelli
- Neuropsychology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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17
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Anderson ND, Beana E, Yang H, Köhler S. Deficits in recent but not lifetime familiarity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia 2020; 151:107735. [PMID: 33359882 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
People with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) repeat questions, seemingly without any sense of familiarity (i.e., recognition of prior occurrence without recollection of episodic context). Accumulation of neurofibrillary tau in preclinical Alzheimer's disease begins in perirhinal cortex, a medial temporal lobe region linked to familiarity. Both observations would predict impaired familiarity assessment in aMCI; however, the extant evidence is mixed. To reveal familiarity impairments, it may be necessary to minimize the influence of recollection. In the current study, older adults with aMCI and healthy controls were administered two tasks on which a well-characterized patient (NB) with selective familiarity impairments due to surgical left temporal lobe excision sparing the hippocampus showed abnormal performance: frequency judgments for words exposed to in a recent study phase and judgments of cumulative lifetime familiarity for object concepts denoted by words. We also administered a process dissociation procedure (PDP) task that previously revealed spared familiarity in aMCI. We predicted that familiarity would be spared in aMCI on the PDP task, but impaired when assessed by frequency judgments for recent laboratory exposures and lifetime familiarity judgments. Familiarity was spared on the PDP task, but was impaired when probed with frequency judgments for recently exposed words in aMCI. Lifetime familiarity was also not impaired in aMCI. These results highlight the benefits of studying familiarity under conditions that minimize recollection and the value of frequency judgments in revealing familiarity deficits, and suggest that perirhinal cortex may not be necessary for accessing familiarity accumulated over a lifetime of experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Elsa Beana
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Haopei Yang
- Brain & Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefan Köhler
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain & Mind Institute and Department of Psychology, Western University, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Lenzen S, Gannon B, Rose C. A dynamic microeconomic analysis of the impact of physical activity on cognition among older people. ECONOMICS AND HUMAN BIOLOGY 2020; 39:100933. [PMID: 33166873 DOI: 10.1016/j.ehb.2020.100933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This microeconomic study explores the dynamic relationship between physical activity and cognition, using longitudinal data from 6 waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) between 2004 and 2017. Physical activity has drawn significant attention as a potentially successful action for protecting brain health and cognition in the aging population, but the empirical evidence in observational studies is inconclusive to date. We add to the literature by estimating the effect of physical activity on cognition, tackling many sources of bias, which have previously not been addressed consistently. The challenge in estimating the effect of physical activity on cognition is the dynamics of cognition and the endogeneity of physical activity caused by unobserved heterogeneity, reverse causality and measurement error. To address this endogeneity and at the same time control for lagged cognition, we propose a system - generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator, using lagged levels and differences of the endogenous explanatory variables as instruments, while transforming out the fixed effects. We find that being moderately & vigorously physically active at least once a week increases memory status by 0.282 and 0.552 standard deviations for men and women respectively. We find different effects for varying physical activity intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Lenzen
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, QLD, St Lucia 4072, Australia; Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, QLD, St Lucia 4072, Australia.
| | - Brenda Gannon
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, QLD, St Lucia 4072, Australia; Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, QLD, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| | - Christiern Rose
- School of Economics, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, QLD, St Lucia 4072, Australia
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-HT4 receptor stimulation has pro-cognitive and antidepressant-like effects in animal experimental studies; however, this pharmacological approach has not yet been tested in humans. Here we used the 5-HT4 receptor partial agonist prucalopride to assess the translatability of these effects and characterise, for the first time, the consequences of 5-HT4 receptor activation on human cognition and emotion. METHODS Forty one healthy volunteers were randomised, double-blind, to a single dose of prucalopride (1 mg) or placebo in a parallel group design. They completed a battery of cognitive tests measuring learning and memory, emotional processing and reward sensitivity. RESULTS Prucalopride increased recall of words in a verbal learning task, increased the accuracy of recall and recognition of words in an incidental emotional memory task and increased the probability of choosing a symbol associated with a high likelihood of reward or absence of loss in a probabilistic instrumental learning task. Thus acute prucalopride produced pro-cognitive effects in healthy volunteers across three separate tasks. CONCLUSIONS These findings are a translation of the memory enhancing effects of 5-HT4 receptor agonism seen in animal studies, and lend weight to the idea that the 5-HT4 receptor could be an innovative target for the treatment of cognitive deficits associated with depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Contrary to the effects reported in animal models, prucalopride did not reveal an antidepressant profile in human measures of emotional processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susannah E Murphy
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucy C Wright
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Browning
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip J Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
- Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, UK
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20
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Baez S, Herrera E, Trujillo C, Cardona JF, Diazgranados JA, Pino M, Santamaría-García H, Ibáñez A, García AM. Classifying Parkinson's Disease Patients With Syntactic and Socio-emotional Verbal Measures. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:586233. [PMID: 33328964 PMCID: PMC7719774 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.586233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontostriatal disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD), are characterized by progressive disruption of cortico-subcortical dopaminergic loops involved in diverse higher-order domains, including language. Indeed, syntactic and emotional language tasks have emerged as potential biomarkers of frontostriatal disturbances. However, relevant studies and models have typically considered these linguistic dimensions in isolation, overlooking the potential advantages of targeting multidimensional markers. Here, we examined whether patient classification can be improved through the joint assessment of both dimensions using sentential stimuli. We evaluated 31 early PD patients and 24 healthy controls via two syntactic measures (functional-role assignment, parsing of long-distance dependencies) and a verbal task tapping social emotions (envy, Schadenfreude) and compared their classification accuracy when analyzed in isolation and in combination. Complementarily, we replicated our approach to discriminate between patients on and off medication. Results showed that specific measures of each dimension were selectively impaired in PD. In particular, joint analysis of outcomes in functional-role assignment and Schadenfreude improved the classification accuracy of patients and controls, irrespective of their overall cognitive and affective state. These results suggest that multidimensional linguistic assessments may better capture the complexity and multi-functional impact of frontostriatal disruptions, highlighting their potential contributions in the ongoing quest for sensitive markers of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Baez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eduar Herrera
- Departamento de Estudios Psicológicos, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Juan F. Cardona
- Instituto de Psicología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - Mariana Pino
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Hernando Santamaría-García
- Centro de Memoria y Cognición, Intellectus-Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
- Department of Psychiatry-Physiology and Ph.D. Program in Neuroscience, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Adolfo M. García
- Universidad de San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Faculty of Education, National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
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21
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Goldstein FC, Loring DW, Thomas T, Saleh S, Hajjar I. Recognition Memory Performance as a Cognitive Marker of Prodromal Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 72:507-514. [PMID: 31594225 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of recognition memory for identifying persons with biomarker evidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear since prior studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) relied only on clinical diagnosis and did not include simultaneous measures of central amyloidosis and tauopathy. OBJECTIVE We evaluated whether recognition memory and associated indices, including discriminability and response bias from signal detection theory, differentiate persons with amnestic MCI (aMCI) due to prodromal AD from non-prodromal AD. METHOD Sixty older adults with aMCI were classified as prodromal AD (n = 28) or non-prodromal AD (n = 32) based upon cerebrospinal fluid levels of amyloid-β and tau. Memory was assessed using the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised which includes free recall and recognition. RESULTS ANCOVAs adjusting for age indicated comparable (all p > 0.05) performances between prodromal and non-prodromal MCI groups respectively on traditional HVLT-R recognition measures of hits (mean±SD: 9.5±3.0 versus 10.9±1.7), false alarms (1.8±1.8 versus 1.5±1.5), and hits minus false alarms (7.7±3.0 versus 9.2±2.6). In contrast, discriminability (d'), which reflects how easily targets and distractors are distinguished, was significantly (p = 0.009) poorer in the prodromal versus non-prodromal groups (3.1±1.9 versus 4.8±2.0, effect size = 0.87). In addition, only d' significantly predicted group membership (OR = 0.66, CI = 0.48-0.92, p = 0.04). Response bias, the tendency to report that a target did or did not appear, was comparable between groups (0.08±1.1 versus -0.04±1.3). CONCLUSION Recognition discriminability is significantly poorer in aMCI with biomarker evidence of prodromal AD. In contrast to traditional recognition indices, discriminability from signal detection theory may be superior in identifying aMCI due to AD versus non-AD etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David W Loring
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sabria Saleh
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ihab Hajjar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Cherry KE, Elliott EM, Golob EJ, Brown JS, Kim S, Jazwinski SM. Strategic encoding and retrieval processes in verbal recall among middle-aged and older adults. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 39:252-268. [PMID: 33001487 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The authors used an analysis of individual differences to examine the role of executive control in strategic encoding and retrieval in verbal recall. Participants enrolled in the Louisiana Healthy Aging Study completed measures of working memory (WM), cognitive status, vocabulary, and free recall of words. Indices of clustering in free recall were calculated to permit inferences on strategic encoding and retrieval processes. We hypothesized that WM would be more strongly associated with strategic encoding and retrieval metrics than vocabulary based on the assumption that successful remembering requires executive control in WM. Regression analyses, together with a variance portioning procedure, confirmed that WM had comparable levels of unique and shared variance with the strategic encoding and retrieval metrics, and both exceeded vocabulary. Theoretical and clinical implications of these data are considered, with the suggestion of future research in lifespan samples as opposed to exclusively young adult or older adult samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Cherry
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Emily M Elliott
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Edward J Golob
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | | | - Sangkyu Kim
- Department of Medicine and Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - S Michal Jazwinski
- Department of Medicine and Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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23
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Talamonti D, Koscik R, Johnson S, Bruno D. Predicting Early Mild Cognitive Impairment With Free Recall: The Primacy of Primacy. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:133-142. [PMID: 30994919 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Serial position effects have been found to discriminate between normal and pathological aging, and to predict conversion from Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different scoring methods have been used to estimate the accuracy of these predictions. In the current study, we investigated delayed primacy as predictor of progression to early MCI over established diagnostic memory methods. We also compared three serial position methods (regional, standard and delayed scores) to determine which measure is the most sensitive in differentiating between individuals who develop early MCI from a baseline of cognitively intact older adults. METHOD Data were analyzed with binary logistic regression and with receiver-operating characteristic (ROC). Baseline serial position scores were collected using the Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test and used to predict conversion to early MCI. The diagnosis of early MCI was obtained through statistical algorithm and consequent consensus conference. One hundred and ninety-one participants were included in the analyses. All participants were aged 60 or above and cognitively intact at baseline. RESULTS The binary logistic regression showed that delayed primacy was the only predictor of conversion to early MCI, when compared to total and delayed recall. ROC curves showed that delayed primacy was still the most sensitive predictor of progression to early MCI when compared to other serial position measures. CONCLUSIONS These findings are consistent with previous studies and support the hypothesis that delayed primacy may be a useful cognitive marker of early detection of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Talamonti
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca Koscik
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm. S. Middleton Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Davide Bruno
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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24
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Bennett IJ, Stark SM, Stark CEL. Recognition Memory Dysfunction Relates to Hippocampal Subfield Volume: A Study of Cognitively Normal and Mildly Impaired Older Adults. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2020; 74:1132-1141. [PMID: 29401233 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbx181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current study examined recognition memory dysfunction and its neuroanatomical substrates in cognitively normal older adults and those diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS Participants completed the Mnemonic Similarity Task, which provides simultaneous measures of recognition memory and mnemonic discrimination. They also underwent structural neuroimaging to assess volume of medial temporal cortex and hippocampal subfields. RESULTS As expected, individuals diagnosed with MCI had significantly worse recognition memory performance and reduced volume across medial temporal cortex and hippocampal subfields relative to cognitively normal older adults. After controlling for diagnostic group differences, however, recognition memory was significantly related to whole hippocampus volume, and to volume of the dentate gyrus/CA3 subfield in particular. Recognition memory was also related to mnemonic discrimination, a fundamental component of episodic memory that has previously been linked to dentate gyrus/CA3 structure and function. DISCUSSION Results reveal that hippocampal subfield volume is sensitive to individual differences in recognition memory in older adults independent of clinical diagnosis. This supports the notion that episodic memory declines along a continuum within this age group, not just between diagnostic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana J Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside
| | - Shauna M Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine.,Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine
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25
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Salfi F, D'Atri A, Tempesta D, De Gennaro L, Ferrara M. Boosting Slow Oscillations during Sleep to Improve Memory Function in Elderly People: A Review of the Literature. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E300. [PMID: 32429181 PMCID: PMC7287854 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10050300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep represents a crucial time window for the consolidation of memory traces. In this view, some brain rhythms play a pivotal role, first of all the sleep slow waves. In particular, the neocortical slow oscillations (SOs), in coordination with the hippocampal ripples and the thalamocortical spindles, support the long-term storage of the declarative memories. The aging brain is characterized by a disruption of this complex system with outcomes on the related cognitive functions. In recent years, the advancement of the comprehension of the sleep-dependent memory consolidation mechanisms has encouraged the development of techniques of SO enhancement during sleep to induce cognitive benefits. In this review, we focused on the studies reporting on the application of acoustic or electric stimulation procedures in order to improve sleep-dependent memory consolidation in older subjects. Although the current literature is limited and presents inconsistencies, there is promising evidence supporting the perspective to non-invasively manipulate the sleeping brain electrophysiology to improve cognition in the elderly, also shedding light on the mechanisms underlying the sleep-memory relations during healthy and pathological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salfi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Aurora D'Atri
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Tempesta
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Luigi De Gennaro
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Ferrara
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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26
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Clarens MF, Crivelli L, Calandri I, Chrem Méndez P, Martin ME, Russo MJ, Campos J, Surace E, Vázquez S, Sevlever G, Allegri RF. Neuropsychological profile of Alzheimer's disease based on amyloid biomarker findings results from a South American cohort. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:345-350. [PMID: 32349554 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1756816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Increased life expectancy and exponential growth of adults suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide, has led to biomarkers incorporation for diagnosis in early stages. Use of neuropsychological testing remains limited. This study aimed to identify which neuropsychological tests best indicated underlying AD pathophysiology.Methods: One hundred and forty-one patients with MCI (Mild Cognitive Impairment) were studied. A neuropsychological test battery based on the Uniform Data Set (UDS) from the Alzheimer's Disease Centers program of the National Institute on Aging (NIA) was performed and amyloid markers recorded; according to presence or absence of amyloid identified by positive PIB-PET findings, or low CSF Aβ42 levels, patients were separated into MCI amyloid-(n:58) and MCI amyloid + (n = 83) cases.Results: Statistical differences were found in all memory tests between groups. Delayed recall score at thirty minutes on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) was the best predictor of amyloid pathology presence (AUC 0.68), followed by AVLT total learning (AUC 0.66) and AVLT Recognition (AUC 0.59) scores, providing useful cut off values in the clinical setting.Conclusions: Use of neuropsychological testing, specifically AVLT scores with cutoff values, contributed to the correct diagnosis of MCI due to AD in this SouthAmerican cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Campos
- Memory and Aging Centre, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Francisco Allegri
- Memory and Aging Centre, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Neurosciences Department, Universidad de la Costa (CUC), Barranquilla, Colombia
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27
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Fam J, Sun Y, Qi P, Lau RC, Feng L, Kua EH, Mahendran R. Mindfulness practice alters brain connectivity in community-living elders with mild cognitive impairment. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2020; 74:257-262. [PMID: 31876024 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.12972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM There is increasing evidence that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with widespread brain dysconnectivity. Mindfulness practice, which involves focused attention to experience the present moment in a purposeful way, has been shown to confer positive psychological and functional brain changes in healthy practitioners. It is unclear whether mindfulness practice could improve functional brain connectivity in older adults with cognitive impairment. METHODS Forty-seven participants with MCI were randomized into two groups: a mindfulness practice group and a control group. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and neurocognitive tests were performed before and after the 3-month intervention. A temporal efficiency analysis approach was used to examine the spatiotemporal networks of the brain. RESULTS Participants in the mindfulness group had significantly better temporal global efficiency than controls after 3-months of intervention. Localized changes of temporal nodal properties were present in the right cingulate gyrus, insula, and left superior temporal gyrus. Together, these results suggest greater information transmission efficiency at both the global and local spatiotemporal level. In terms of cognitive function, verbal recognition memory improved in the mindfulness group compared to the controls. CONCLUSION Elders who practiced mindfulness had better brain network efficiency and neurocognitive function relative to controls in this study, suggesting that mindfulness may be of benefit to aging adults with early cognitive degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnson Fam
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Centre for Life Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peng Qi
- Department of Control Science and Engineering, College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Regine Cassandra Lau
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Neural correlates of auditory sensory memory dynamics in the aging brain. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 88:128-136. [PMID: 32035848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The auditory system allows us to monitor background environmental sound patterns and recognize deviations that may indicate opportunities or threats. The mismatch negativity and P3a potentials have generators in the auditory and inferior frontal cortex and index expected sound patterns (standards) and any aberrations (deviants). The mismatch negativity and P3a waveforms show increased positivity for consecutive standards and deviants preceded by more standards. We hypothesized attenuated repetition effects in older participants, potentially because of differences in prefrontal functions. Young (23 ± 5 years) and older (75 ± 5 years) adults were tested in 2 oddball paradigms with pitch or location deviants. Significant repetition effects were observed in the young standard and deviant waveforms at multiple time windows. Except the earliest time window (30-100 ms), repetition effects were absent in the older group. Repetition effects were significant at frontal but not temporal lobe sites and did not differ among pitch and location deviants. However, P3a repetition was evident in both ages. Findings suggest age differences in the dynamic updating of sensory memory for background sound patterns.
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29
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De Simone MS, Perri R, Fadda L, Caltagirone C, Carlesimo GA. Predicting progression to Alzheimer's disease in subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment using performance on recall and recognition tests. J Neurol 2018; 266:102-111. [PMID: 30386876 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-018-9108-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The research of reliable procedures for predicting cognitive decline or stability in persons with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI) is a major goal for the early identification of subjects in the prodromal stages of dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether different memory performances on two procedures commonly used for the neuropsychological assessment of episodic memory (i.e., free recall and recognition) might be a key in predicting a-MCI patients' subsequent progression to Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this purpose, 80 patients diagnosed with a-MCI at the first assessment and followed-up for at least 3 years were included. During this time, 41 subjects remained in a stable condition of cognitive impairment or improved (stable-MCI) and 39 patients converted to AD dementia (converter-MCI). Sixty-two age- and education-matched healthy individuals were also recruited as healthy controls (HC). Baseline memory performance on the free recall (5th immediate and 15-min delayed) and yes/no recognition (the sensitivity measure d') of a 15-word list were analyzed. Results showed that stable-MCIs forgot significantly more information from immediate to delayed recall of the word list than HC, but exhibited a pronounced improvement of memory performance in the recognition test format. On the contrary, converter-MCIs showed diminished sensitivity in benefiting from cues for recognizing studied words. Word list recognition correctly classified group membership with good overall accuracy, which was higher compared to the classification of converter and stable a-MCIs provided by free recall; therefore, it could be a useful diagnostic tool for predicting progression to AD dementia from the prodromal stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stefania De Simone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, V. Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberta Perri
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, V. Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Fadda
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, V. Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, V. Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Augusto Carlesimo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, V. Ardeatina, 306, 00179, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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30
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Russo MJ, Cohen G, Campos J, Martin ME, Clarens MF, Sabe L, Barcelo E, Allegri RF. Usefulness of Discriminability and Response Bias Indices for the Evaluation of Recognition Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 43:1-14. [PMID: 27889770 DOI: 10.1159/000452255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most studies examining episodic memory in Alzheimer disease (AD) have focused on patients' impaired ability to remember information. This approach provides only a partial picture of memory deficits since other factors involved are not considered. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the recognition memory performance by using a yes/no procedure to examine the effect of discriminability and response bias measures in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (a-MCI), AD dementia, and normal-aging subjects. METHODS We included 43 controls and 45 a-MCI and 51 mild AD dementia patients. Based on the proportions of correct responses (hits) and false alarms from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), discriminability (d') and response bias (C) indices from signal detection theory (SDT) were calculated. RESULTS Results showed significant group differences for d' (F (2) = 83.26, p < 0.001), and C (F (2) = 6.05, p = 0.00). The best predictors of group membership were delayed recall and d' scores. The d' measure correctly classified subjects with 82.98% sensitivity and 91.11% specificity. CONCLUSIONS a-MCI and AD dementia subjects exhibit less discrimination accuracy and more liberal response bias than controls. Furthermore, combined indices of delayed recall and discriminability from the RAVLT are effective in defining early AD. SDT may help enhance diagnostic specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Julieta Russo
- Department of Cognitive Neurology, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrea (FLENI), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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31
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Lugo-Palacios DG, Gannon B. Health care utilisation amongst older adults with sensory and cognitive impairments in Europe. HEALTH ECONOMICS REVIEW 2017; 7:44. [PMID: 29196914 PMCID: PMC5711766 DOI: 10.1186/s13561-017-0183-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, the high prevalence of multiple chronic conditions amongst older population has led to increased utilisation of health care and rising associated costs, becoming a major public health concern. Hearing, vision and cognitive disorders are common chronic conditions amongst older Europeans and recent studies have documented its high co-occurrence. While it has been shown separately that suffering either mental disorders or sensory (hearing and vision) impairments is associated with higher health care utilisation, the association between health care utilisation and the interaction of these conditions has received little attention in the literature. Therefore, using four waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), this study applies the correlated random effects method to the negative binomial and finite mixture models to analyse the extent to which the interaction of cognitive and sensory impairments is associated with health care use. We found that individuals with cognitive impairment tend to have more hospitalisations. The finite mixture approach indicates a positive association between sensory impairment and the number of hospitalisations amongst low users of health care. Additionally, our findings suggest a positive association between suffering both impairments at the same time and the number of doctor and GP visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G. Lugo-Palacios
- Centre for Health Economics, University of Manchester, 4.306 Jean McFarlane Building, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Brenda Gannon
- Centre for the Business and Economics of Health, The University of Queensland, Faculty of Business, Economics and Law, QLD, St Lucia, 4072 Australia
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32
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Promoting Sleep Oscillations and Their Functional Coupling by Transcranial Stimulation Enhances Memory Consolidation in Mild Cognitive Impairment. J Neurosci 2017. [PMID: 28637840 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0260-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) not only involves loss of memory functions, but also prominent deterioration of sleep physiology, which is already evident at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Cortical slow oscillations (SO; 0.5-1 Hz) and thalamocortical spindle activity (12-15 Hz) during sleep, and their temporal coordination, are considered critical for memory formation. We investigated the potential of slow oscillatory transcranial direct current stimulation (so-tDCS), applied during a daytime nap in a sleep-state-dependent manner, to modulate these activity patterns and sleep-related memory consolidation in nine male and seven female human patients with MCI. Stimulation significantly increased overall SO and spindle power, amplified spindle power during SO up-phases, and led to stronger synchronization between SO and spindle power fluctuations in EEG recordings. Moreover, visual declarative memory was improved by so-tDCS compared with sham stimulation and was associated with stronger synchronization. These findings indicate a well-tolerated therapeutic approach for disordered sleep physiology and memory deficits in MCI patients and advance our understanding of offline memory consolidation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In the light of increasing evidence that sleep disruption is crucially involved in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), sleep appears as a promising treatment target in this pathology, particularly to counteract memory decline. This study demonstrates the potential of a noninvasive brain stimulation method during sleep in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a precursor of AD, and advances our understanding of its mechanism. We provide first time evidence that slow oscillatory transcranial stimulation amplifies the functional cross-frequency coupling between memory-relevant brain oscillations and improves visual memory consolidation in patients with MCI.
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33
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Sanborn V, Putcha D, Tremont G. Correlates of recognition memory performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2017; 40:205-211. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2017.1334043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Sanborn
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Deepti Putcha
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Geoffrey Tremont
- Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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34
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Friedman ML, McBride ME. Changes in cognitive function after pediatric intensive care unit rounds: a prospective study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [PMID: 29536896 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2016-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental fatigue is impaired cognitive function induced by engaging in cognitively demanding activities. Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) rounds are demanding and may be a cause of impaired cognitive functioning. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if PICU rounds induce poorer performance on cognitive tasks after rounds compared to before rounds and assess the feasibility of cognitive testing in the PICU. METHODS This was a prospective study of residents in the PICU. Participants were evaluated before and after rounds on a single day, consisting of two tests of cognitive function that are sensitive to mental fatigue, the cognitive estimation test (CET) and the repeatable episodic memory test (REMT). RESULTS Thirty residents participated. The mean length of rounds was 191 min (SD 33.8 min), the mean number of patients rounded on by the team was 14.9 (SD 2.3) and the median patients presented by the participant was two (range 0-6). The average number of words recalled on the REMT was significantly lower after rounds compared to before (29.6 vs. 31.2, p < 0.05). There were significantly more falsely recalled words after rounds (1.3 vs. 0.7, p=0.02). There was a correlation between worsening performance and later time of testing in the 4-week PICU rotation (r=0.42, p < 0.02). There were no differences in performance on the CET. CONCLUSIONS PICU rounds induced impairments on cognitive testing but the effect size is small and not consistent across tests. There is an increased susceptibility to impaired cognition induced by rounds over the course of a rotation, this finding merits further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Friedman
- 1Section of Pediatric Critical Care, Riley Hospital for Children and Indiana University School of Medicine - Pediatrics, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Mary E McBride
- 2Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago and Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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35
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Vallet GT, Rouleau I, Benoit S, Langlois R, Barbeau EJ, Joubert S. Alzheimer’s disease and memory strength: Gradual decline of memory traces as a function of their strength. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2016; 38:648-60. [DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2016.1147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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36
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Spaan PE. Episodic and semantic memory impairments in (very) early Alzheimer’s disease: The diagnostic accuracy of paired-associate learning formats. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2015.1125076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline E.J. Spaan
- Department of Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry & Medical Psychology, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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37
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Sumida CA, Holden HM, Van Etten EJ, Wagner GM, Hileman JD, Gilbert PE. Who, when, and where? Age-related differences on a new memory test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 23:38-41. [PMID: 26670185 PMCID: PMC4749842 DOI: 10.1101/lm.039313.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our study examined age-related differences on a new memory test assessing memory for “who,” “when,” and “where,” and associations among these elements. Participants were required to remember a sequence of pictures of different faces paired with different places. Older adults remembered significantly fewer correct face–place pairs in the correct sequence compared with young adults. Correlation analyses with standardized neuropsychological tests provide preliminary evidence for construct validity. Our results offer insight into age-related changes in the ability to remember associations between people and places at different points in time using a portable test that can be administered rapidly in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Sumida
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
| | - Heather M Holden
- San Diego State University-University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California 92120, USA
| | - Emily J Van Etten
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
| | - Gabrielle M Wagner
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
| | - Jacob D Hileman
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA
| | - Paul E Gilbert
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, USA San Diego State University-University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California 92120, USA
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38
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Campos-Magdaleno M, Díaz-Bóveda R, Juncos-Rabadán O, Facal D, Pereiro AX. Learning and serial effects on verbal memory in mild cognitive impairment. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2015; 23:237-50. [DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2015.1053887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Campos-Magdaleno
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosalía Díaz-Bóveda
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Onésimo Juncos-Rabadán
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Facal
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Arturo X. Pereiro
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Fast, but not slow, familiarity is preserved in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Cortex 2015; 65:36-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Moser B, Deisenhammer EA, Marksteiner J, Papousek I, Fink A, Weiss EM. Serial position effects in patients with mild cognitive impairment and early and moderate Alzheimer's disease compared with healthy comparison subjects. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2014; 37:19-26. [PMID: 24107650 DOI: 10.1159/000351675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study aimed to investigate whether the serial position effects in memory can differentiate patients with different subtypes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) from healthy controls and patients with different stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS The serial position effects was tested with the CERAD word list task in 184 persons (39 healthy control subjects, 15 amnestic MCI single domain subjects, 23 amnestic MCI multiple domain subjects, 31 nonamnestic MCI subjects, 45 early or mild AD patients, and 31 moderate AD patients). RESULTS With progression of dementia, memory deficits increased and the impairment in the primacy effect during the learning trials advanced, whereas the recall of recent items was less impaired. The serial position profile of nonamnestic MCI patients resembled that of healthy control subjects, whereas amnestic MCI patients showed poorer performance in all 3 positions but no significant difference as a function of serial word position. CONCLUSION Analyses of the serial position effect may be a useful complement to clinical neuropsychological measures for distinguishing amnestic MCI patients from normal aging and patients with different stages of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Moser
- Department of Psychology, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
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Koen JD, Yonelinas AP. The effects of healthy aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease on recollection and familiarity: a meta-analytic review. Neuropsychol Rev 2014; 24:332-54. [PMID: 25119304 PMCID: PMC4260819 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-014-9266-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that healthy aging, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment (aMCI), and Alzheimer's Disease (AD) are associated with substantial declines in episodic memory. However, there is still debate as to how two forms of episodic memory - recollection and familiarity - are affected by healthy and pathological aging. To address this issue we conducted a meta-analytic review of the effect sizes reported in studies using remember/know (RK), receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and process dissociation (PD) methods to examine recollection and familiarity in healthy aging (25 published reports), aMCI (9 published reports), and AD (5 published reports). The results from the meta-analysis revealed that healthy aging is associated with moderate-to-large recollection impairments. Familiarity was not impaired in studies using ROC or PD methods but was impaired in studies that used the RK procedure. aMCI was associated with large decreases in recollection whereas familiarity only tended to show a decrease in studies with a patient sample comprised of both single-domain and multiple-domain aMCI patients. Lastly, AD was associated with large decreases in both recollection and familiarity. The results are consistent with neuroimaging evidence suggesting that the hippocampus is critical for recollection whereas familiarity is dependent on the integrity of the surrounding perirhinal cortex. Moreover, the results highlight the relevance of method selection when examining aging, and suggest that familiarity deficits might be a useful behavioral marker for identifying individuals that will develop dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Koen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA,
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Külzow N, Kerti L, Witte VA, Kopp U, Breitenstein C, Flöel A. An object location memory paradigm for older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 237:16-25. [PMID: 25176026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Object-location memory is critical in every-day life and known to deteriorate early in the course of neurodegenerative disease. NEW METHOD We adapted the previously established learning paradigm "LOCATO" for use in healthy older adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Pictures of real-life buildings were associated with positions on a two-dimensional street map by repetitions of "correct" object-location pairings over the course of five training blocks, followed by a recall task. Correct/incorrect associations were indicated by button presses. The original two 45-item sets were reduced to 15 item-sets, and tested in healthy older adults and MCI for learning curve, recall, and re-test effects. RESULTS The two 15-item versions showed comparable learning curves and recall scores within each group. While learning curves increased linearly in both groups, MCI patients performed significantly worse on learning and recall compared to healthy controls. Re-testing after 6 month showed small practice effects only. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS LOCATO is a simple standardized task that overcomes several limitation of previously employed visuospatial task by using real-life stimuli, minimizing verbal encoding, avoiding fine motor responses, combining explicit and implicit statistical learning, and allowing to assess learning curve in addition to recall. CONCLUSIONS Results show that the shortened version of LOCATO meets the requirements for a robust and ecologically meaningful assessment of object-location memory in older adults with and without MCI. It can now be used to systematically assess acquisition of object-location memory and its modulation through adjuvant therapies like pharmacological or non-invasive brain stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Külzow
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Neurocure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lucia Kerti
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronica A Witte
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Neurocure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute Kopp
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Neurocure Clinical Research Center, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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43
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Relevance of the serial position effect in the differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer-type dementia, and normal ageing. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2012.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Meunier M, Barbeau E. Recognition memory and the medial temporal lobe: from monkey research to human pathology. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2013; 169:459-69. [PMID: 23473622 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2013.01.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a historical overview of decades of research on recognition memory, the process that allows both humans and animals to tell familiar from novel items. The emphasis is put on how monkey research improved our understanding of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) role and how tasks designed for monkeys influenced research in humans. The story starts in the early 1950s. Back then, memory was not a fashionable scientific topic. It was viewed as a function of the whole brain and not of specialized brain areas. All that changed in 1957-1958 when Brenda Milner, a neuropsychologist from Montreal, described patient H.M. He forgot all events as he lived them despite a fully preserved intelligence. He had received a MTL resection to relieve epilepsy. H.M. (1926-2008) would become the most influential patient in brain science. Which structures among those included in H.M.'s large lesion were important for recognition memory could not be evaluated in humans. It was gradually understood only after the successful development of a monkey model of human amnesia by Mishkin in 1978. Selective lesions and two behavioral tasks, delayed nonmatching-to-sample and visual paired comparison, were used to distinguish the contribution of the hippocampus from that of adjacent cortical areas. Driven by findings in non-human primates, human research on recognition memory is now trying to solve the question of whether the different structures composing MTL contributes to familiarity and recollection, the two possible forms taken by recognition. We described in particular two French patients, FRG and JMG, whose deficits support the currently dominant model attributing to the perirhinal cortex a critical role in recognition memory. Research on recognition memory has implications for the clinician as it may help understanding the cognitive deficits observed in different diseases. An illustration of such approach, linking basic and applied research, is provided for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meunier
- Inserm U1028, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, 16, avenue du Doyen-Lépine, 69500 Bron, France.
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45
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Sweeney-Reed CM, Riddell PM, Ellis JA, Freeman JE, Nasuto SJ. Neural correlates of true and false memory in mild cognitive impairment. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48357. [PMID: 23118992 PMCID: PMC3485202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this research was to investigate the changes in neural processing in mild cognitive impairment. We measured phase synchrony, amplitudes, and event-related potentials in veridical and false memory to determine whether these differed in participants with mild cognitive impairment compared with typical, age-matched controls. Empirical mode decomposition phase locking analysis was used to assess synchrony, which is the first time this analysis technique has been applied in a complex cognitive task such as memory processing. The technique allowed assessment of changes in frontal and parietal cortex connectivity over time during a memory task, without a priori selection of frequency ranges, which has been shown previously to influence synchrony detection. Phase synchrony differed significantly in its timing and degree between participant groups in the theta and alpha frequency ranges. Timing differences suggested greater dependence on gist memory in the presence of mild cognitive impairment. The group with mild cognitive impairment had significantly more frontal theta phase locking than the controls in the absence of a significant behavioural difference in the task, providing new evidence for compensatory processing in the former group. Both groups showed greater frontal phase locking during false than true memory, suggesting increased searching when no actual memory trace was found. Significant inter-group differences in frontal alpha phase locking provided support for a role for lower and upper alpha oscillations in memory processing. Finally, fronto-parietal interaction was significantly reduced in the group with mild cognitive impairment, supporting the notion that mild cognitive impairment could represent an early stage in Alzheimer's disease, which has been described as a 'disconnection syndrome'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Memory and Consciousness Research Group, University Clinic for Neurology and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Clark LR, Stricker NH, Libon DJ, Delano-Wood L, Salmon DP, Delis DC, Bondi MW. Yes/no versus forced-choice recognition memory in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: patterns of impairment and associations with dementia severity. Clin Neuropsychol 2012; 26:1201-16. [PMID: 23030301 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2012.728626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Memory tests are sensitive to early identification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but less useful as the disease advances. However, assessing particular types of recognition memory may better characterize dementia severity in later stages of AD. We sought to examine patterns of recognition memory deficits in individuals with AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Memory performance and global cognition data were collected from participants with AD (n = 37), MCI (n = 37), and cognitively intact older adults (normal controls, NC; n = 35). One-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) examined differences between groups on yes/no and forced-choice recognition measures. Individuals with amnestic MCI performed worse than NC and nonamnestic MCI participants on yes/no recognition, but were comparable on forced-choice recognition. AD patients were more impaired across yes/no and forced-choice recognition tasks. Individuals with mild AD (≥120 Dementia Rating Scale, DRS) performed better than those with moderate-to-severe AD (<120 DRS) on forced-choice recognition, but were equally impaired on yes/no recognition. There were differences in the relationships between learning, recall, and recognition performance across groups. Although yes/no recognition testing may be sensitive to MCI, forced-choice procedures may provide utility in assessing severity of anterograde amnesia in later stages of AD. Implications for assessment of insufficient effort and malingering are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R Clark
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
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Cunha C, Guerreiro M, de Mendonça A, Oliveira PE, Santana I. Serial position effects in Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, and normal aging: predictive value for conversion to dementia. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2012; 34:841-52. [PMID: 22731492 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2012.689814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Serial position effects in word list learning have been used to differentiate normal aging and dementia. Prominent recency and diminished primacy have consistently been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined serial position effects in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in patients with AD, and in normal healthy controls. Additionally, we classified MCI patients into those who progressed to AD (MCI-p) and those who did not (MCI-np). We compared two serial position measures: regional and standard scores. Regional scores, mainly the primacy effect, improved discrimination between MCI and controls and between MCI-np and MCI-p, proving to be more sensitive and specific than the recency effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Cunha
- Department of Neurology, Neuropsychology Laboratory, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.
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48
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Martín ME, Sasson Y, Crivelli L, Roldán Gerschovich E, Campos JA, Calcagno ML, Leiguarda R, Sabe L, Allegri RF. Relevance of the serial position effect in the differential diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer-type dementia, and normal ageing. Neurologia 2012; 28:219-25. [PMID: 22695314 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Serial position effects are observed when a person memorises a series of words exceeding his or her attention span. Cognitively normal individuals recall words at the beginning and end of the list more frequently than those in the middle, which reflects the way that short- and long-term episodic memory works. OBJECTIVE To study the serial position effect in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) compared to subjects with Alzheimer-type dementia (AD) or normal ageing (NA). METHODS 30 AD, 25 MCI and 20 NA subjects underwent neurological and neuropsychological assessment. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) was used to study primacy, middle, and recency effects and delayed recall for each group. RESULTS The general memory pattern of MCI subjects was very similar to that of AD subjects, and was characterised by reduced learning capacity, rapid forgetfulness and clear recency effect in learning. With regard to delayed recall, however, there were differences in performance; MCI subjects' ability to recall words at the beginning and middle of the list was similar to that of normal subjects, while their memory of words at the end of the list was poor, as in AD subjects. CONCLUSIONS RAVLT is a tool permitting us to distinguish between MCI and NA subjects. The recency index for the delayed recall task is a valid indicator for distinguishing between MCI patients and patients with normal ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Martín
- Servicio de Neurología Cognitiva, Neuropsicología y Neuropsiquiatría, Instituto de Investigaciones Neurológicas Raúl Carrera, FLENI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Level of recall, retrieval speed, and variability on the Cued-Recall Retrieval Speed Task (CRRST) in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2012; 18:260-8. [PMID: 22265423 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617711001664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) show deficits on traditional episodic memory tasks and reductions in speed of performance on reaction time tasks. We present results on a novel task, the Cued-Recall Retrieval Speed Task (CRRST), designed to simultaneously measure level and speed of retrieval. A total of 390 older adults (mean age, 80.2 years), learned 16 words based on corresponding categorical cues. In the retrieval phase, we measured accuracy (% correct) and retrieval speed/reaction time (RT; time from cue presentation to voice onset of a correct response) across 6 trials. Compared to healthy elderly adults (HEA, n = 303), those with aMCI (n = 87) exhibited poorer performance in retrieval speed (difference = -0.13; p < .0001) and accuracy on the first trial (difference = -0.19; p < .0001), and their rate of improvement in retrieval speed was slower over subsequent trials. Those with aMCI also had greater within-person variability in processing speed (variance ratio = 1.22; p = .0098) and greater between-person variability in accuracy (variance ratio = 2.08; p = .0001) relative to HEA. Results are discussed in relation to the possibility that computer-based measures of cued-learning and processing speed variability may facilitate early detection of dementia in at-risk older adults.
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Belleville S, Ménard MC, Lepage E. Impact of novelty and type of material on recognition in healthy older adults and persons with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2856-65. [PMID: 21703285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess the effect of novelty on correct recognition (hit minus false alarms) and on recollection and familiarity processes in normal aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Recognition tasks compared well-known and novel stimuli in the verbal domain (words vs. pseudowords) and in the musical domain (well-known vs. novel melodies). Results indicated that novel materials associated with lower correct recognition and lower recollection, an effect that can be related to its lower amenability to elaborative encoding in comparison with well-known items. Results also indicated that normal aging impairs recognition of well-known items, whereas MCI impairs recognition of novel items only. Healthy older adults showed impaired recollection and familiarity relative to younger controls and individuals with MCI showed impaired recollection relative to healthy older adults. The recollection deficit in healthy older adults and persons with MCI and their impaired recognition of well-known items is compatible with the difficulty both groups have in encoding information in an elaborate manner. In turn, familiarity deficit could be related to impaired frontal functioning. Therefore, novelty of material has a differential impact on recognition in persons with age-related memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Belleville
- Research Center, Institut Universitaire de Gériatrie de Montréal, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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