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Cox A, Brown KC, Valentovic MA. The E-liquid flavoring vanillin alters energy and autophagic pathways in human proximal tubule (HK-2) epithelial cells. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 394:111003. [PMID: 38608998 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The use of flavored e-liquids in electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has become very popular in recent years, but effects of these products have not been well characterized outside the lung. In this study, acute exposure to the popular flavoring vanillin (VAN) was performed on human proximal tubule (HK-2) kidney cells. Cells were exposed to 0-1000 μM VAN for 24 or 48 h and cellular stress responses were determined. Mitochondrial viability using MTT assay showed a significant decrease between the control and 1000 μM group by 48 h. Seahorse XFp analysis showed significantly increased basal respiration, ATP production, and proton leak after 24 h exposure. By 48 h exposure, these parameters remained significantly increased in addition to non-mitochondrial respiration and maximal respiration. Glycolytic activity after 24 h exposure showed significant decreases in glycolysis, glycolytic capacity, glycolytic reserve, and non-glycolytic acidification. The autophagy markers microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3B-I and LC3B-II) were probed via western blotting. The ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I was significantly increased after 24 h exposure to VAN, but by 48 h this ratio significantly decreased. The mitophagy marker PINK1 showed an increasing trend at 24 h, and its downstream target Parkin was significantly increased between the control and 750 μM group only. Finally, the oxidative stress marker 4-HNE was significantly decreased after 48 h exposure to VAN. These results indicate that acute exposure to VAN in the kidney HK-2 model can induce energy and autophagic changes within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Cox
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Kathleen C Brown
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
| | - Monica A Valentovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Toxicology Research Cluster, Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA.
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Kim DS, Jo NG, Lee DW, Ko MH, Seo JH, Kim GW. Ultrasonographic Contrast and Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen Peroxide-Responsive Nanoparticles in a Rat Model with Sciatic Neuritis. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3031-3044. [PMID: 38562612 PMCID: PMC10982809 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s447691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Peripheral nerve damage lacks an appropriate diagnosis consistent with the patient's symptoms, despite expensive magnetic resonance imaging or electrodiagnostic assessments, which cause discomfort. Ultrasonography is valuable for diagnosing and treating nerve lesions; however, it is unsuitable for detecting small lesions. Poly(vanillin-oxalate) (PVO) nanoparticles are prepared from vanillin, a phytochemical with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Previously, PVO nanoparticles were cleaved by H2O2 to release vanillin, exert therapeutic efficacy, and generate CO2 to increase ultrasound contrast. However, the role of PVO nanoparticles in peripheral nerve lesion models is still unknown. Herein, we aimed to determine whether PVO nanoparticles can function as contrast and therapeutic agents for nerve lesions. Methods To induce sciatic neuritis, rats were administered a perineural injection of carrageenan using a nerve stimulator under ultrasonographic guidance, and PVO nanoparticles were injected perineurally to evaluate ultrasonographic contrast and therapeutic effects. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was performed to detect mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, ie, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2. Results In the rat model of sciatic neuritis, PVO nanoparticles generated CO2 bubbles to increase ultrasonographic contrast, and a single perineural injection of PVO nanoparticles suppressed the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2, reduced the expression of F4/80, and increased the expression of GAP43. Conclusion The results of the current study suggest that PVO nanoparticles could be developed as ultrasonographic contrast agents and therapeutic agents for nerve lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Sol Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Gyu Jo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hansol Convalescence Rehabilitation Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Won Lee
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Nano Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hwan Ko
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Wook Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Ge L, Liu J, Kang X, Wang W, Zhang D. Association of serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in the general population: A machine learning study. J Affect Disord 2024; 345:8-17. [PMID: 37865348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.10.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans have many opportunities to be exposed to aldehydes which have potential mechanisms for causing depression. We aimed to explore the relationships between serum individual and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms in general population. METHODS The data was extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2014. Depressive symptoms were assessed by Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Weighted binomial logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) model were used to explore the association of six individual aldehyde and mixed aldehydes with depressive symptoms, respectively. Sex stratification analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted. RESULTS A total of 701 participants were included. We found a positive association between the highest (Q4) versus lowest quartile (Q1) of butyraldehyde with depressive symptoms (OR: 2.86, 95 % CI: 1.22-6.68), and a negative association between the Q3 versus Q1 of benzaldehyde (0.21, 0.07-0.60) and isopentanaldehyde (0.28, 0.08-0.90) with depressive symptoms in multivariate-adjusted model. The mixed aldehydes were positively associated with depressive symptoms using BKMR model, and butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the dominant aldehydes. Several aldehydes, such as butyraldehyde and benzaldehyde, interacted with each other in their effects on depressive symptoms. The results of gender stratification analysis showed that butyraldehyde was the major contributor to the total effect of aldehydes on depressive symptoms in males, while heptanaldehyde was the dominant aldehyde in females. LIMITATIONS Causality cannot be inferred in this cross-sectional study. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicated that mixed aldehydes can increase the risk of depressive symptoms, of which butyraldehyde and heptanaldehyde were the major contributing aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiao Kang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, the School of Public Health of Qingdao University, No. 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Akintunde JK, Falomo IM, Akinbohun OM, Erinoso SO, Ugwor E, Folayan AD, Ateate AD. Naringin corrects renal failure related to Lesch-Nyhan disease in a rat model via NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB pathways. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23558. [PMID: 37865952 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effect of naringin (NAR) on HGPRT1 deficiency and hyperuricemia through NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways induced by caffeine (CAF) and KBrO3 in a rat model. Sixty-three adult male albino rats were randomly assigned into nine (n = 7) groups. Group I: control animals, Group II was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 , Group III was treated with 250 mg/kg CAF, Group IV was treated with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg CAF, Group V was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 100 mg/kg haloperidol, Group VI was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 50 mg/kg NAR, Group VII was administered with 500 mg/kg CAF + 50 mg/kg NAR, and Group VIII was administered with 100 mg/kg KBrO3 + 250 mg/kg CAF + 50 mg/kg NAR. Finally, group IX was treated with 50 mg/kg NAR. The exposure of rats to KBrO3 and CAF for 21 days induced renal dysfunction linked with Lesch-Nyhan disease. NAR obliterated renal dysfunction linked with Lesch-Nyhan disease by decreasing uric acid, renal malondialdehyde level, inhibiting the activities of arginase, and phosphodiesterase-51 (PDE-51) with corresponding upregulation of brain derived-neurotrophic factor and its receptor (BDNF-TrkB), Bcl11b, HGPRT1, and DARPP-32. Additionally, renal failure related to Lesch-Nyhan disease was remarkably corrected by NAR as shown by the reduced activities of AChE and enzymes of ATP hydrolysis (ATPase, AMPase, and ADA) with affiliated increase in the NO level. This study therefore validates NAR as nontoxic and effective chemotherapy against kidney-related Lesch-Nyhan disease by mitigating effects of toxic food additives and enzymes of ATP-hydrolysis via NOS-cAMP-PKA and BDNF/TrkB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob K Akintunde
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Idowu M Falomo
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Oreoluwa M Akinbohun
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - S O Erinoso
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Ugwor
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Adeniyi D Folayan
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - A D Ateate
- Molecular Toxicology and Biomedical Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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Pujo JM, Fitriani DY, Ben Saad H, Ghariani M, Dghim A, Mellouli M, Burin A, Mutricy R, Houcke S, Roujansky A, Mansyur M, Nkontcho F, de Toffol B, Ben Amara I, Kallel H. The effects of prolonged stress exposure on the brain of rats and insights to understand the impact of work-related stress on caregivers. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1288814. [PMID: 38098499 PMCID: PMC10720043 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1288814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Stress exposure is a significant concern in the healthcare sector. This animal model study aims to reproduce caregivers' working conditions and determine their impact on the brain. Method Twenty-four healthy male rats of the Wistar strain were divided into four groups. Three groups were submitted each to one stressor for 21 days, while the fourth group was used as a control. Stressors were food and water deprivation (FW), permanent illumination (PI), and forced swimming (FS). At the end of the experiment, rats were euthanized, and stress biomarkers, biological parameters, and DNA damage were measured. Results Prooxidant biomarker rates increased in the different groups (+50 to +75%) compared to the control (p < 0.0001). Urinary corticosterone rates increased in all stressed animals, mainly in the PI group, with changes of up to +50% compared to the control group. Acetylcholinesterase levels decreased to -50% (p < 0.0001 for the three exposed groups). Total ATPase, (Na+/K+)-ATPase, and Mg2+-ATPase activities decreased in all stressed groups. The percentage of brain cell congestion and apoptosis was 3% for the FW group (p < 0.0001), 2% for the PI group (p < 0.0001), and 4% for the FS group (p < 0.0001) compared to the control (0.8%). DNA damage was observed in all exposed groups. Finally, we noticed behavioral changes and a depression-like syndrome in all stressed rats. Conclusion Stressful conditions such as the working environment of caregivers can trigger several pathophysiological processes leading to oxidative, neurochemical, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal disorders. These changes can progress to cell damage and apoptosis in the brain and trigger psychological and physical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Marc Pujo
- Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Dewi Yunia Fitriani
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Occupational Medicine Specialist Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hajer Ben Saad
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Ghariani
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes (LPCMC), LR15CBS07, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Amel Dghim
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Manel Mellouli
- Laboratory of Anatomopathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Antoine Burin
- Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Remi Mutricy
- Emergency Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Stephanie Houcke
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Ariane Roujansky
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | - Muchtaruddin Mansyur
- Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Occupational Medicine Specialist Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Center, IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Flaubert Nkontcho
- Pharmacy Department, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
| | | | - Ibtissem Ben Amara
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Environment Chemistry, Higher Institute of Biotechnology, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hatem Kallel
- Intensive Care Unit, Cayenne General Hospital, Cayenne, French Guiana
- Tropical Biome and Immunopathology CNRS UMR-9017, Inserm U 1019, Université de Guyane, Cayenne, French Guiana
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Akkoyun HT, Uyar A, Bayramoglu Akkoyun M, Bengü AŞ, Melek Ş, Karagözoğlu F, Aydın S, Ekin S, Erdem SA. The protective effect of arbutin against potassium bromate-induced oxidative damage in the rat brain. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23248. [PMID: 36284482 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of arbutin (ARB) against brain injury induced in rats with potassium bromate (KBrO3 ). The rats were divided into four groups as Group 1: Control (0.9% NaCl ml/kg/day p.), Group 2: KBrO3 (100 mg/kg (gavage), Group 3: ARB (50 mg/kg/day p.), and Group 4: KBrO3 + ARB (100 mg/kg (gavage) + 50 mg/kg/day p.). At the end of the fifth day of the study, the rats in all groups were killed, and their brain tissues were collected. In the collected brain tissues, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels were measured, and routine histopathological examinations were made. The MDA levels in the group that was exposed to KBrO3 were significantly higher than those in the control group (p ˂ 0.001). In comparison to the KBrO3 group, the MDA levels in the KBrO3 + ARB group were significantly lower (p ˂ 0.001). It was observed that SOD and CAT enzyme activity levels were significantly lower in the KBrO3 group compared to the control group (p ˂ 0.001), while these levels were significantly higher in the KBrO3 + ARB group than in the KBrO3 group (p ˂ 0.001). Additionally, the group that was subjected to KBrO3 toxicity, as well as ARB administration, had much lower levels of histopathologic signs than the group that was subjected to KBrO3 toxicity only. Consequently, it was found that KBrO3 exposure led to injury in the brain tissues of the rats, and using ARB was effective in preventing this injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Turan Akkoyun
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Uyar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | | | - Aydın Şükrü Bengü
- Department of Medical Services and Technics, Vocational School of Health, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Şule Melek
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Fatma Karagözoğlu
- Department of Zootechnique and Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Sevinç Aydın
- Çemişgezek Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli, Turkey
| | - Suat Ekin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Sinem Aslan Erdem
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Iannuzzi C, Liccardo M, Sirangelo I. Overview of the Role of Vanillin in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuropathophysiological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031817. [PMID: 36768141 PMCID: PMC9915872 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, bioactive natural products play key roles in drug development due to their safety profile and strong antioxidant power. Vanillin is a natural phenolic compound found in several vanilla beans and widely used for food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical products. Besides its industrial applications, vanillin possesses several beneficial effects for human health, such as antioxidant activity in addition to anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, anti-metastatic, and anti-depressant properties. Moreover, vanillin exhibits neuroprotective effects on multiple neurological disorders and neuropathophysiological conditions. This study reviews the mechanisms of action by which vanillin prevents neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo systems, in order to provide the latest views on the beneficial properties of this molecule in chronic neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathophysiological conditions.
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Briard E, Serrand Y, Dahirel P, Janvier R, Noirot V, Etienne P, Coquery N, Eliat PA, Val-Laillet D. Exposure to a sensory functional ingredient in the pig model modulates the blood-oxygen-level dependent brain responses to food odor and acute stress during pharmacological MRI in the frontostriatal and limbic circuits. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1123162. [PMID: 36925960 PMCID: PMC10012862 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1123162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the present study, we examined the effects of a supplementation with a sensory functional ingredient (FI, D16729, Phodé, France) containing vanillin, furaneol, diacetyl and a mixture of aromatic fatty acids on the behavioural and brain responses of juvenile pigs to acute stress. Methods Twenty-four pigs were fed from weaning with a standard granulated feed supplemented with the functional ingredient D16729 (FS animals, N = 12) or a control formulation (CT animals, N = 12). After a feed transition (10 days after weaning), the effects of FI were investigated on eating behaviour during two-choice feed preference tests. Emotional reactivity to acute stress was then investigated during openfield (OF), novel suddenly moving object (NSO), and contention tests. Brain responses to the FI and the two different feeds' odour, as well as to an acute pharmacological stressor (injection of Synacthen®) were finally investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results FS animals tended to spend more time above the functional feed (p = 0.06) and spent significantly more time at the periphery of the arena during NSO (p < 0.05). Their latency to contact the novel object was longer and they spent less time exploring the object compared to CT animals (p < 0.05 for both). Frontostriatal and limbic responses to the FI were influenced by previous exposure to FI, with higher activation in FS animals exposed to the FI feed odor compared to CT animals exposed to a similarly familiar feed odor without FI. The pharmacological acute stress provoked significant brain activations in the prefrontal and thalamic areas, which were alleviated in FS animals that also showed more activity in the nucleus accumbens. Finally, the acute exposure to FI in naive animals modulated their brain responses to acute pharmacological stress. Discussion Overall, these results showed how previous habituation to the FI can modulate the brain areas involved in food pleasure and motivation while alleviating the brain responses to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Briard
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Serrand
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | - Patrice Dahirel
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | - Régis Janvier
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Coquery
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Eliat
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France.,CNRS, INSERM, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, PRISM, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
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Vanillin attenuates proinflammatory factors in a tMCAO mouse model via inhibition of TLR4/NF-kB signaling pathway. Neuroscience 2022; 491:65-74. [PMID: 35276304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vanillin has been reported to reduce hippocampal neuronal death in rat models of global cerebral ischemia. However, the immunoregulatory mechanism of vanillin in ischemic stroke is still unclear. To investigate the role of vanillin in a mouse model of ischemic stroke, we administered vanillin to mice after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) by tail vein injection. Vanillin reduced infarct volume and improved motor function in mice after ischemia and reperfusion. IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased in ischemic brain tissue of tMCAO mice after vanillin treatment compared with saline treatment. Similar effects were observed using the in vitro LPS-stimulated microglia cell model. Moreover, the reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the vanillin group was related to TLR4/NF-κB signaling. Taken together, the findings suggest that vanillin decreased microglial activation by inhibiting the TLR4 /NF-κB signaling pathway, which reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, and finally reduced the infarct volume and improved motor function in tMCAO mice.
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Arya SS, Rookes JE, Cahill DM, Lenka SK. Vanillin: a review on the therapeutic prospects of a popular flavouring molecule. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [PMCID: PMC7790484 DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Graphic abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar S. Arya
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - James E. Rookes
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - David M. Cahill
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds Campus, Geelong, VIC 3216 Australia
| | - Sangram K. Lenka
- TERI-Deakin NanoBiotechnology Centre, The Energy and Resources Institute, Gurugram, Haryana 122001 India
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Shao A, Lin D, Wang L, Tu S, Lenahan C, Zhang J. Oxidative Stress at the Crossroads of Aging, Stroke and Depression. Aging Dis 2020; 11:1537-1566. [PMID: 33269106 PMCID: PMC7673857 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have shown that in the aging society, a person dies from stroke every 3 minutes and 42 seconds, and vast numbers of people experience depression around the globe. The high prevalence and disability rates of stroke and depression introduce enormous challenges to public health. Accumulating evidence reveals that stroke is tightly associated with depression, and both diseases are linked to oxidative stress (OS). This review summarizes the mechanisms of OS and OS-mediated pathological processes, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and the microbial-gut-brain axis in stroke and depression. Pathological changes can lead to neuronal cell death, neurological deficits, and brain injury through DNA damage and the oxidation of lipids and proteins, which exacerbate the development of these two disorders. Additionally, aging accelerates the progression of stroke and depression by overactive OS and reduced antioxidant defenses. This review also discusses the efficacy and safety of several antioxidants and antidepressants in stroke and depression. Herein, we propose a crosstalk between OS, aging, stroke, and depression, and provide potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of stroke and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Shao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danfeng Lin
- 2Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- 2Department of Surgical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Tu
- 3State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cameron Lenahan
- 4Burrell College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Cruces, USA.,5Center for Neuroscience Research, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,6Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China.,7Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Iqubal A, Syed MA, Najmi AK, Azam F, Barreto GE, Iqubal MK, Ali J, Haque SE. Nano-engineered nerolidol loaded lipid carrier delivery system attenuates cyclophosphamide neurotoxicity - Probable role of NLRP3 inflammasome and caspase-1. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113464. [PMID: 32941795 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is one of the most common etiology in various neurological disorders and responsible for multi-array neurotoxic manifestations such as neurodegeneration, neurotransmitters alteration and cognitive dysfunction. NR (Nerolidol) is a natural bioactive molecule which possesses significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, but suffers from glitches of low solubility, low bioavailability and fast hepatic metabolism. In the current study, we fabricated nano-engineered lipid carrier of nerolidol (NR-NLC) for its effective delivery into the brain and explored its effect on neuroinflammation, neurotransmitters level and on dysfunctional behavioral attributes induced by CYC (cyclophosphamide). The binding affinity of nerolidol with NLRP3 and TLR-4 was performed which showed stong interaction between them. NR-NLC was prepared by the ultrasonication methods and particle size was determined by Zeta-sizer. Swiss Albino mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6), assessed for behavioral dysfunction, and sacrificed on the fifteenth day following cyclophosphamide treatment. Brains were then removed and used for biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and fluorescence microscopic analysis. Biochemical analysis showed increased levels of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, acetylcholine esterase, BDNF, 5-HT and dopamine, and reduced levels of SOD, CAT, GSH, IL-10, along with significant behavioral dysfunction in cyclophosphamide-treated animals. Significant neuronal damage was also observed in the histological study. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated increased expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Fluorescence microscopic analysis showed significant availability of NR-NLC in the hippocampus and cortex region. In contrast, treatment with NR-NLC effectively mitigated the aforementioned neurotoxic manifestation as compared to NR suspension. Our results showed potent neuroprotective effect of NR-NLC via modulation of oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 and neurotransmitter status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mansoor Ali Syed
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Faizul Azam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Syed Ehtaishamul Haque
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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13
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Vanillin protects lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB pathway. Future Med Chem 2020; 11:2081-2094. [PMID: 31538519 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Thus far, the anti-inflammatory effect of vanillin in acute lung injury (ALI) has not been studied. This study aimed to investigate the effect of vanillin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Results & methodology: Our study detected the anti-inflammatory effects of vanillin by ELISA and western blot, respectively. Pretreatment of mice with vanillin significantly attenuated LPS-stimulated lung histopathological changes, myeloperoxidase activity and expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the phosphorylation activities of ERK1/2, p38, AKT and NF-κB p65. In addition, vanillin inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-6 expression in RAW264.7 cells via ERK1/2, p38 and NF-κB signaling. Conclusion: Vanillin can inhibit macrophage activation and lung inflammation, which suggests new insights for clinical treatment of ALI.
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14
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Patten T, De Biasi M. History repeats itself: Role of characterizing flavors on nicotine use and abuse. Neuropharmacology 2020; 177:108162. [PMID: 32497589 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of e-cigarettes has skyrocketed in recent years, and most vapers use flavored e-cigarette products. Consumption of flavored e-cigarettes exceeds that of combustible cigarettes and other tobacco products among adolescents, who are particularly vulnerable to becoming nicotine dependent. Flavorings have been used by the tobacco industry since the 17th century, but the use of flavors by the e-cigarette industry to create products with "characterizing" flavors (i.e. flavors other than tobacco or menthol) has sparked a public health debate. This review addresses the possibility that characterizing flavors make nicotine more appealing, rewarding and addictive. It also discusses ways in which preclinical and clinical studies could improve our understanding of the mechanisms by which flavors may alter nicotine reward and reinforcement. This article is part of the special issue on 'Contemporary Advances in Nicotine Neuropharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Patten
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Mariella De Biasi
- Pharmacology Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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15
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Bezerra-Filho CS, Barboza JN, Souza MT, Sabry P, Ismail NS, de Sousa DP. Therapeutic Potential of Vanillin and its Main Metabolites to Regulate the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress. Mini Rev Med Chem 2019; 19:1681-1693. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666190312164355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many phenolic compounds found in foods and medicinal plants have shown interesting
therapeutic potential and have attracted the attention of the pharmaceutical industry as promising
pharmacologically active compounds in health promotion and disease prevention. Vanillin is a phenolic
aldehyde, widely used as a flavoring agent in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries. A
variety of pharmacological activities has been attributed to this compound and its main metabolites,
vanillic acid and vanillyl alcohol, including their anti-inflammatory ability. The relationship of the anti-
inflammatory effects of vanillin, vanillic acid, and vanillyl alcohol and their actions on oxidative
stress is well established. Considering that the inflammatory process is related to several pathologies,
including new diseases with few therapeutic options, and limited efficiency, the search for effective
treatment strategies and discovery of new anti-inflammatory agents capable of modulating inflammation
becomes necessary. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the therapeutic potential of vanillin and
its main metabolites for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and their actions on redox status. In
addition, the molecular docking evaluation of vanillin, its metabolites and isoeugenol were carried out
into the phospholipase A2 binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joice N. Barboza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Marilia T.S. Souza
- Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Sao Cristóvao, Brazil
| | - Peter Sabry
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser S.M. Ismail
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Damião P. de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa, Brazil
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16
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Sefi M, Elwej A, Chaâbane M, Bejaoui S, Marrekchi R, Jamoussi K, Gouiaa N, Boudawara-Sellemi T, El Cafsi M, Zeghal N, Soudani N. Beneficial role of vanillin, a polyphenolic flavoring agent, on maneb-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage, and liver histological changes in Swiss albino mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2019; 38:619-631. [PMID: 30782018 DOI: 10.1177/0960327119831067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vanillin, a widely used flavoring agent, has antimutagenic and antioxidant properties. The current study was performed to evaluate its beneficial role against hepatotoxicity induced by maneb, a dithiocarbamate fungicide. Mice were divided into four groups of six each: group 1, serving as negative controls which received by intraperitoneal way only distilled water, a solvent of maneb; group 2, received daily, by intraperitoneal way, maneb (30 mg kg-1 body weight (BW)); group 3, received maneb at the same dose of group 2 and 50 mg kg-1 BW of vanillin by intraperitoneal way; and group 4, serving as positive controls, received daily only vanillin. After 10 days of treatment, mice of all groups were killed. Our results showed that vanillin significantly reduced the elevated hepatic levels of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and advanced oxidation protein product and attenuated DNA fragmentation induced by maneb. In addition, vanillin modulated the alterations of antioxidant status: enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and nonenzymatic (reduced glutathione, nonprotein thiol, and vitamin C) antioxidants in the liver of maneb-treated mice. This natural compound was also able to ameliorate plasma biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, and total protein). The protective effect of vanillin was further evident through the histopathological changes produced by maneb in the liver tissue. Thus, we concluded that vanillin might be beneficial against maneb-induced hepatic damage in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sefi
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,2 Physiology and Aquatic Environment Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - A Elwej
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - M Chaâbane
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - S Bejaoui
- 2 Physiology and Aquatic Environment Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - R Marrekchi
- 3 Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - K Jamoussi
- 3 Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, CHU Hedi Chaker, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Gouiaa
- 4 Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Anatomopathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - T Boudawara-Sellemi
- 4 Histopathology Laboratory, Department of Anatomopathology, CHU Habib Bourguiba, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - M El Cafsi
- 2 Physiology and Aquatic Environment Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - N Zeghal
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - N Soudani
- 1 Animal Physiology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.,2 Physiology and Aquatic Environment Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
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17
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Cheng HM, Chen FY, Li CC, Lo HY, Liao YF, Ho TY, Hsiang CY. Oral Administration of Vanillin Improves Imiquimod-Induced Psoriatic Skin Inflammation in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10233-10242. [PMID: 29073354 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vanillin is one of the most widely used flavoring products worldwide. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. The interleukin-23 (IL-23)/interleukin-17 (IL-17) axis plays a critical role in psoriasis. Here, we analyzed the effect of vanillin on imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriatic skin inflammation in mice. Mice were treated topically with IMQ on the back skin and orally with various amounts of vanillin for 7 consecutive days. Vanillin significantly improved IMQ-induced histopathological changes of skin in a dose-dependent manner. The thickness and number of cell layers of epidermis were reduced by 29 ± 14.4 and 27.8 ± 11%, respectively, in mice given 100 mg/kg of vanillin. A microarray showed that a total of 9042 IMQ-upregulated genes were downregulated by vanillin, and the biological pathways involved in the immune system and metabolism were significantly altered by vanillin. The upregulated expressions of IL-23, IL-17A, and IL-17F genes were suppressed by vanillin, with fold changes of -3.07 ± 0.08, -2.06 ± 0.21, and -1.62 ± 0.21, respectively. Moreover, vanillin significantly decreased both the amounts of IL-17A and IL-23 and the infiltration of immune cells in the skin tissues of IMQ-treated mice. In conclusion, our findings suggested that vanillin was an effective bioactive compound against psoriatic skin inflammation. Moreover, the downregulation of IL-23 and IL-17 expression suggested that vanillin was a novel regulator of the IL-23/IL-17 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Man Cheng
- Department of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, China Medical University Hospital , Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | - Tin-Yun Ho
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University , Taichung 41354, Taiwan
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