Iron hypothesis and coronary artery disease in geriatric patients

Identification of iron metabolism-related genes in coronary heart disease and construction of a diagnostic model

Background

Coronary heart disease is a common cardiovascular disease, yferroptosiset its relationship with iron metabolism remains unclear.

Methods

Gene expression data from peripheral blood samples of patients with coronary heart disease and a healthy control group were utilized for a comprehensive analysis that included differential expression analysis, weighted gene co-expression network analysis, gene enrichment analysis, and the development of a logistic regression model to investigate the associations and differences between the groups. Additionally, the CIBERSORT algorithm was employed to examine the composition of immune cell types within the samples.

Results

Eight central genes were identified as being both differentially expressed and related to iron metabolism. These central genes are mainly involved in the cellular stress response. A logistic regression model based on the central genes achieved an AUC of 0.64-0.65 in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. A higher proportion of M0 macrophages was found in patients with coronary heart disease, while a higher proportion of CD8T cells was observed in the normal control group.

Conclusion

The study identified important genes related to iron metabolism in the pathogenesis of coronary heart disease and constructed a robust diagnostic model. The results suggest that iron metabolism and immune cells may play a significant role in the development of coronary heart disease, providing a basis for further research.

Research Progress on Relationship Between Iron Overload and Lower Limb Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Iron is one of the most important trace elements in life activities. It participates in a variety of important physiological processes in the body through oxidation-reduction reaction. A large number of studies show that iron overload (IO) is closely related to the progression of diabetes and its various chronic complications. However, the mechanism of iron overload in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the mechanism of iron overload in atherosclerosis (AS) are still controversial, and the relationship between iron overload and diabetic lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) remains still unclear. Some recent reviews and original research articles suggest further studies to explain the complex relationship between iron metabolism and atherosclerosis. This article reviews the relationship between iron overload and diabetes and its relationship with LEAD, and discusses its mechanisms from various aspects, such as lipid peroxidation induced by iron overload, so as to provide clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas for diabetic lower extremity arterial disease. It is hoped that early evaluation, diagnosis and treatment of LEAD will be inspired.

The Relationship of Hyperferritinemia to Metabolism and Chronic Complications in Type 2 Diabetes

AIM

Elevated serum ferritin has been found to be closely related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to explore the relationship of high serum ferritin to metabolism and chronic complications in type 2 diabetes.

METHODS

This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 330 type 2 diabetes patients who visited an endocrine clinic were included for the analysis. Serum ferritin and metabolic parameters were recorded. The prevalence of chronic diabetic complications was evaluated. Based on serum ferritin, participants were divided into hyperferritinemia and normal-ferritin groups. Metabolic parameters and prevalence of chronic diabetic complications were compared. The relationship between hyperferritinemia and chronic diabetic complications was explored with multivariate logistic regression models. Data were statistically analyzed by sex.

RESULTS

Compared with the normal-ferritin group, the hyperferritinemia group showed higher levels of the serum inflammatory marker CRP and higher prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and coronary heart disease (CHD), regardless of sex (p<0.05). Moreover, male patients with hyperferritinemia had increased serum triglyceride, alanine transferase, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase, urea nitrogen, creatinine, and uric acid and higher prevalence of microalbuminuria (p<0.01). After controlling for demographics and metabolic profiles, hyperferritinemia remained an independent risk factor of DR (male OR 3.957, 95% CI 1.559-10.041, p=0.004; female OR 2.474, 95% CI 1.127-5.430, p=0.024) and CHD (male OR 2.607, 95% CI 1.087-6.257, p=0.032; female OR 2.293, 95% CI 1.031-5.096, p=0.042).

CONCLUSION

This study found that hyperferritinemia was associated with increased CRP and higher prevalence of DR and CHD in type 2 diabetes. In men, high serum ferritin was also associated with dyslipidemia, hepatic dysfunction, and microalbuminuria.