1
|
Newall P, Rockloff M, Thorne H, Russell AMT, Visintin T, Hing N, Browne M, Dellosa G. Skill-Based Electronic Gaming Machines: Features that Mimic Video Gaming, Features that could Contribute to Harm, and Their Potential Attraction to Different Groups. J Gambl Stud 2024:10.1007/s10899-024-10296-5. [PMID: 38652386 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-024-10296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
New gambling products have been developed over time as technology permits. For example, early mechanical slot machines were later replaced by electronic gaming machines (EGMs), which enabled a faster speed of play and more immersive experience. EGMs have in the decades since their invention become one of the main drivers of gambling expenditure worldwide and are one of the gambling products most strongly associated with harm. This literature review considers research relevant to a new subcategory of EGM, 'skill-based' EGMs, termed 'SGMs' here. SGMs can be highly varied in content, with some representing a minimal departure from EGMs, where the typical bonus round is replaced by some skill-based activity, such as a simple video game, which could increase the machine's appeal. Other SGMs feature more radical departures from conventional EGMs, such as multiplayer games using intellectual property from popular TV shows or video games. These skill-based elements could tap into common gambling fallacies such as the illusion of control, and therefore facilitate harmful engagement. SGMs could also be less harmful than current EGMs, if skill-based elements break the dissociative states associated with EGM gambling. The intellectual property used in SGMs may increase their appeal among people who generally do not gamble, and the skill-based elements could increase their interest among gamblers who predominately prefer skill-based gambling formats such as sports betting. The novelty and varied content of SGMs present many open questions, which research should aim to address in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Newall
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 6 University Dr, CQUniversity, Sydney, QLD, 4670, Australia.
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 6 University Dr, CQUniversity, Sydney, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Hannah Thorne
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Human, Medical, and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 44 Greenhill Rd, Wayville, SA, 5034, Australia
| | - Alex M T Russell
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 6 University Dr, CQUniversity, Sydney, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Tess Visintin
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Human, Medical, and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 44 Greenhill Rd, Wayville, SA, 5034, Australia
| | - Nerilee Hing
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 6 University Dr, CQUniversity, Sydney, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Matthew Browne
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 6 University Dr, CQUniversity, Sydney, QLD, 4670, Australia
| | - Georgia Dellosa
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, 6 University Dr, CQUniversity, Sydney, QLD, 4670, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Macía L, Jauregui P, Estevez A. Emotional dependence as a predictor of emotional symptoms and substance abuse in individuals with gambling disorder: differential analysis by sex. Public Health 2023; 223:24-32. [PMID: 37597461 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotional dependence, anxious-depressive symptoms and substance use have been associated with gambling disorder (GD). Although anxiety and depression have been predominantly related to female gamblers and substance abuse to male gamblers, the role of emotional dependence in GD is unknown. Moreover, sex differences remain underexplored. OBJECTIVES First, to explore possible differences in emotional dependence, anxious-depressive symptoms and substance abuse by group (GD and non-GD) and sex (women vs men). Second, to analyse the predictive role of emotional dependence in alcohol and drug abuse and anxious-depressive symptoms in patients with GD as a function of sex. METHODS Instruments to measure gambling (SOGS), emotional dependence (CDE), anxious-depressive symptoms (SCL-90-R) and substance abuse (MULTICAGE CAD-4) were administered to 108 people with GD diagnosis (60 women and 48 men) and 429 without GD (342 women and 87 men). STUDY DESIGN The research is an analytical cross-sectional study. RESULTS The results showed that the group with GD scored significantly higher than the non-GD group on alcohol abuse, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and emotional dependence, but not on drug abuse. In the group with GD, emotional dependence predicted alcohol and drug abuse in women, and emotional dependence predicted anxiety and depressive symptoms in men. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that women with GD who consume alcohol or drugs would benefit from therapies addressing loneliness, borderline expression, attention-seeking and affective expression. Men with GD who report anxious-depressive symptomatology would benefit from therapeutic strategies to deal with separation anxiety and attention-seeking.
Collapse
|
3
|
Quinn A, Chamberlain SR, Grant JE. Age of gambling onset and resultant gambling behavior during young adulthood in the United States. Am J Addict 2022; 32:268-273. [PMID: 36546532 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Previous research has examined how the age at which an individual first gambles (age of gambling onset) correlates with problematic behavior later in life, such as problematic alcohol or substance use; however, much less is known about how age of gambling onset, particularly as a child or as a young adult, might influence future gambling. We assessed how self-reported age of gambling onset may have shaped more recent gambling and propensity to take risks. METHODS We analyzed questionnaire data and neurocognitive assessment data collected from young adults in the United States (n = 579) and conducted ordinal logistic regression to model our study variables. RESULTS Upon examining three distinct age categories (under 18, 18-20, 21, and over), we found that earlier age of gambling onset was significantly associated with betting a higher overall proportion during a neurocognitive task. CONCLUSIONS AND SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Gambling more points on a laboratory-based task was correlated to earlier age of gambling onset. There were no statistically significant associations between age of gambling onset and severity of recent pathological gambling, nor gambling expenditure in the past year, nor gambling frequency in the past week. Future longitudinal study should discern the causality of these findings in both directions and ascertain whether these findings can be extended to older and clinical populations. Future work should explore other variables, such as ethnicity and socioeconomic background, that may be relevant to understanding variations in age of gambling onset and its repercussions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK
| | - Samuel R. Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton Southampton UK
- Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust Southampton UK
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hing N, O’Mullan C, Mainey L, Greer N, Breen H. An integrative review of research on gambling and domestic and family violence: Fresh perspectives to guide future research. Front Psychol 2022; 13:987379. [PMID: 36312076 PMCID: PMC9606773 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.987379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents an integrative review of research on domestic and family violence (DFV), including intimate partner violence (IPV), experienced by victims and perpetrators with a gambling problem. It aims to review, critique, and synthesize research on this topic to generate fresh and alternative perspectives to guide future research. Based on a systematic search of the academic literature and a targeted search of gray literature, the paper summarizes findings from empirical studies pertaining to the prevalence of perpetration and victimization, characteristics of perpetrators and victims, and explanations for this violence. Based on this review, the paper suggests several potential improvements that can be considered in future studies. These include a shift from focusing on situational violence to also include coercive control; greater sensitivity in research design and interpretation to gender differences in experiences of violence; and the need to include economic abuse as a form of DFV/IPV. Adopting a public health lens is also recommended to broaden the research focus from victims and perpetrators to also consider contextual factors. In particular, gambling research should examine the contribution of gambling products, practices, environments, and marketing to DFV/IPV and how this might be ameliorated. While research to date has drawn much needed attention to the risks that gambling presents for DFV/IPV, this review provides some suggestions for future research so that it can provide more nuanced findings to inform policy and practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerilee Hing
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Nerilee Hing,
| | - Cathy O’Mullan
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Lydia Mainey
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Central Queensland University, Cairns, QLD, Australia
| | - Nancy Greer
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Helen Breen
- Faculty of Business and Law and Arts, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hing N, Mainey L, O'Mullan C, Nuske E, Greer N, Thomas A, Breen H. Seeking Solace in Gambling: The Cycle of Gambling and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women Who Gamble. J Gambl Stud 2022; 39:795-812. [PMID: 35670931 PMCID: PMC10175330 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-022-10134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study explored women's gambling in response to male intimate partner violence (IPV). Twenty-four women were recruited through service providers and online advertising. All women had been victimised by IPV and all experienced problems relating to the gambling on electronic gaming machines (EGMs). Thematic analysis of their in-depth interviews identified three major themes. The main pattern of gambling and IPV (Theme 1) was where ongoing coercive control preceded the woman's gambling. Situational violence in response to gambling was also observed. Regardless of temporal sequence, a self-perpetuating cycle of gambling and IPV victimisation was typically apparent, with both issues escalating over time. Reflecting severe traumatic violence, push factors from IPV that motivated the women's gambling (Theme 2) included physical escape, psychological escape, hope of regaining control over their lives, and gambling to cope with the legacy of abuse. Pull factors attracting these women to gambling venues (Theme 3) appeared to have heightened appeal to these victims of IPV. These included venues' social, geographic and temporal accessibility, allowance for uninterrupted play on EGMs, and the addictive nature of EGMs. These push and pull factors led to these women's prolonged and harmful gambling while exacerbating their partner's violence. Concerted efforts are needed to assist women in this cycle of IPV and gambling, prevent violence against women, and reduce harmful gambling products and environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nerilee Hing
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences), Central Queensland University, G.07 Building 8, University Drive, 4670, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Lydia Mainey
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences), Central Queensland University, Cairns, Queensland), Australia
| | - Catherine O'Mullan
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences), Central Queensland University, G.07 Building 8, University Drive, 4670, Bundaberg, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elaine Nuske
- Faculty of Health), Southern Cross University, Coolangatta, Queensland), Australia
| | - Nancy Greer
- School of Health Medical and Applied Sciences), Central Queensland University, Melbourne, Victoria), Australia
| | - Anna Thomas
- Independent researcher, Melbourne, Victoria), Australia
| | - Helen Breen
- Faculty of Business, Law and Arts), Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gartner C, Bickl A, Härtl S, Loy JK, Häffner L. Differences in problem and pathological gambling: A narrative review considering sex and gender. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:267-289. [PMID: 35499928 PMCID: PMC9295224 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim A wide range of studies indicates that men and women with Problem (PrG) and Pathological Gambling (PG) differ in several clinical and sociodemographic characteristics. However, evidence for sex differences, such as the telescoping effect, is contradictory, and it is still unclear whether sex differences observed in offline gambling can also be found for online gambling. Furthermore, reviews have so far focused on binary sex differences but neglect gender aspects. In this study, an updated literature survey of sex- and gender-related differences in PrG and PG was conducted. Methods We searched PsyInfo, Medline/Pubmed, and the Web of Science databases from 2005 to 2020 for studies investigating sex and gender differences in gambling. A total of 126 papers were included in the literature survey. Results We are presenting our findings according to the categories 'prevalence' (offline, online, LGBTQI*), 'sociodemographic factors', 'preferred gambling type', 'gambling motives', 'severity', 'progression of gambling problems', 'use of professional help/motivation for treatment', 'comorbidity', 'trauma', 'violence and criminality/delinquency'. The studies indicate that, despite some robust sex differences (e.g., concerning prevalence rates), results for most areas were mixed or suggest no sex differences (e.g., violence, gambling motives). Discussion and conclusion To date, there is a lack of studies assessing gender, and not only sex, warranting further research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Gartner
- BAS Bayerische Akademie für Sucht- und Gesundheitsfragen (Unternehmergesellschaft haftungsbeschränkt), LSG Landesstelle Glücksspielsucht in Bayern, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sabine Härtl
- BAS Bayerische Akademie für Sucht- und Gesundheitsfragen (Unternehmergesellschaft haftungsbeschränkt), LSG Landesstelle Glücksspielsucht in Bayern, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Laura Häffner
- BAS Bayerische Akademie für Sucht- und Gesundheitsfragen (Unternehmergesellschaft haftungsbeschränkt), LSG Landesstelle Glücksspielsucht in Bayern, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dash GF, Martin NG, Slutske WS. Childhood maltreatment and disordered gambling in adulthood: disentangling causal and familial influences. Psychol Med 2022; 52:979-988. [PMID: 32744192 PMCID: PMC7855020 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite abundant research on the potential causal influence of childhood maltreatment (CM) on psychological maladaptation in adulthood, almost none has implemented the discordant twin design as a means of examining the role of such experiences in later disordered gambling (DG) while accounting for genetic and family environmental confounds. The present study implemented such an approach to disentangle the potential causal and familial factors that may account for the association between CM and DG. METHODS Participants were 3750 twins from the Australian Twin Registry [Mage = 37.60 (s.d. = 2.31); 58% female]. CM and DG were assessed separately via two semi-structured telephone interviews. Random-intercept generalized linear mixed models were fit to the data; zygosity, sex, educational attainment, childhood psychiatric disorder, adult antisocial behavior, and alcohol use disorder (AUD) were included as covariates. RESULTS Neither quasi-causal nor familial effects of CM predicted DG after adjusting for covariates. Educational attainment appeared to reduce the risk of DG while AUD appeared to increase risk; evidence also emerged for familial effects of antisocial behavior on DG. Post-hoc analyses revealed a familial effect of CM on antisocial behavior, indicating that the association between CM and DG identified in unadjusted models and in prior studies may be accounted for by genetic and shared family environmental effects of antisociality. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to the meager literature showing that CM does not exert a causal effect on DG, and present novel evidence that familial effects of antisocial behavior may account for the association between CM and DG identified in extant non-twin research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve F. Dash
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Wendy S. Slutske
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miller L, Mide M, Arvidson E, Söderpalm Gordh A. Clinical differences between men and women in a Swedish treatment-seeking population with gambling disorder. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1054236. [PMID: 36684005 PMCID: PMC9847389 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1054236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to explore clinical differences in Swedish treatment-seeking men and women with gambling disorder (GD). As the prevalence of GD is increasing among women, even though men are still highly overrepresented, the characteristic differences between men and women seeking treatment become increasingly important. METHOD A sample of 204 patients with GD (26.5% women and 73.5% men) at an outpatient clinic were diagnosed using the SCI-GD, screened for comorbid diagnoses using the MINI, and further completed a range of self-report questionnaires measuring demographics, GD, alcohol and other drug problems, symptoms of depression and anxiety, and pathways into gambling problems. RESULTS Several characteristics differed between treatment-seeking men and women in our sample. Examples of differences between genders included age, onset age, living situation, duration, alcohol and drug problems, comorbidity, and pathways leading to gambling problems. DISCUSSION The most evident difference was that women, in addition to GD, showed more symptoms of anxiety and depression than men, while men had a higher degree of substance use problems compared to women. The differences in clinical features between men and women are important to consider in treatment planning and possibly for future gender-based interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Miller
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mikael Mide
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elin Arvidson
- Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Söderpalm Gordh
- Addiction Biology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Addiction and Dependency, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lara-Huallipe ML, Granero R, Fernández-Aranda F, Gómez-Peña M, Moragas L, Del Pino-Gutierrez A, Valenciano-Mendoza E, Mora-Maltas B, Baenas I, Etxandi M, Menchón JM, Jiménez-Murcia S. Clustering Treatment Outcomes in Women with Gambling Disorder. J Gambl Stud 2021; 38:1469-1491. [PMID: 34932187 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-021-10092-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of gambling disorder (GD) among women has awakened considerable interest in the study of therapeutic outcomes in females. This study aimed to explore profiles of women seeking treatment for GD based on a set of indicators including sociodemographic features, personality traits, clinical state at baseline, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes. Two-step clustering, an agglomerative hierarchical classification system, was applied to a sample of n = 163 women of ages ranging from 20 to 73 years-old, consecutively attended to by a clinical unit specialized in the treatment of G. Three mutually exclusive clusters were identified. Cluster C1 (n = 67, 41.1%) included the highest proportion of married, occupationally active patients within the highest social status index. This cluster was characterized by medium GD severity levels, the best psychopathological functioning, and the highest mean in the self-directedness trait. C1 registered 0% dropouts and only 14.9% relapse. Cluster C2 (n = 63; 38.7%) was characterized by the lowest GD severity, medium scores for psychopathological measures and a high risk of dropout during CBT. Cluster C3 (n = 33; 20.2%) registered the highest GD severity, the worst psychopathological state, the lowest self-directedness level and the highest harm-avoidance level, as well as the highest risk of relapse. These results provide new evidence regarding the heterogeneity of women diagnosed with GD and treated with CBT, based on the profile at pre- and post-treatment. Person-centered treatments should include specific strategies aimed at increasing self-esteem, emotional regulation capacities and self-control of GD women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Lizbeth Lara-Huallipe
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Granero
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona - UAB, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Fernández-Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mónica Gómez-Peña
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Moragas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amparo Del Pino-Gutierrez
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Public Health, Mental Health and Perinatal Nursing, School of Nursing, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Valenciano-Mendoza
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernat Mora-Maltas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Baenas
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikel Etxandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Salud Mental (CIBERSam), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Jiménez-Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL and CIBERObn. C/ Feixa Llarga S/N, Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
- Ciber Fisiopatología Obesidad Y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Psychiatry and Mental Health Group, Neuroscience Program, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona-UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sharman S, Butler K, Roberts A. Psychosocial risk factors in disordered gambling: A descriptive systematic overview of vulnerable populations. Addict Behav 2019; 99:106071. [PMID: 31473572 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling is a behaviour engaged in by millions of people worldwide; for some, gambling can become a severely maladaptive behaviour, and previous research has identified a wide range of psychosocial risk factors that can be considered important for the development and maintenance of disordered gambling. Although risk factors have been identified, the homogeneity of risk factors across specific groups thought to be vulnerable to disordered gambling is to date, unexplored. METHODS To address this, the current review sought to conduct a systematic overview of literature relating to seven vulnerable groups: young people and adolescents, older adults, women, veterans, indigenous peoples, prisoners, and low socio-economic/income groups. RESULTS Multiple risk factors associated with disordered gambling were identified; some appeared consistently across most groups, including being male, co-morbid mental and physical health conditions, substance use disorders, accessibility and availability of gambling, form and mode of gambling, and experience of trauma. Further risk factors were identified that were specific to each vulnerable group. CONCLUSION Within the general population, certain groups are more vulnerable to disordered gambling. Although some risk factors are consistent across groups, some risk factors appear to be group specific. It is clear that there is no homogenous pathway in to disordered gambling, and that social, developmental, environmental and demographic characteristics can all interact to influence an individual's relationship with gambling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Sharman
- University of East London School of Psychology, University of East London, Water Lane, Stratford, London E15 4LZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Kevin Butler
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| | - Amanda Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gavriel-Fried B, Moretta T, Potenza MN. Similar roles for recovery capital but not stress in women and men recovering from gambling disorder. J Behav Addict 2019; 8:770-779. [PMID: 31891315 PMCID: PMC7044578 DOI: 10.1556/2006.8.2019.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding gender-related differences is important in recovery processes. Previous studies have investigated gender-related differences in factors associated with gambling disorder (GD), but none to date have considered both positive and negative resources related to recovery. Using a recovery capital (RC) framework that considers multiple resources available during recovery, this study examined gender-related similarities and differences in associations between positive resources (RC, spirituality) and negative experiences and states (stressful life events, depression, and anxiety) and GD symptom improvement. METHOD One hundred and forty individuals with lifetime GD (101 men) were assessed using DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for GD (past-year and lifetime prior to past-year), the Brief Assessment of RC, the Intrinsic Spirituality Scale, the Stressful Life-events Scale, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 for depression. Multiple linear regression and Bayesian statistical analyses were conducted. RESULTS RC was positively and significantly associated with GD symptom improvement in women and men. Stressful life events were negatively associated with GD symptom improvement only in men. CONCLUSIONS RC is an important positive resource for men and women recovering from GD and should be considered in treating both women and men. Understanding specific RC factors across gender groups and stressors, particularly in men, may aid in developing improved interventions for GD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belle Gavriel-Fried
- The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel,Corresponding author: Belle Gavriel-Fried; The Bob Shapell School of Social Work, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Phone: +971 3 640 9151; Fax: +972 3 640 9563; E-mail:
| | - Tania Moretta
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova Italy
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
McCarthy S, Thomas SL, Bellringer ME, Cassidy R. Women and gambling-related harm: a narrative literature review and implications for research, policy, and practice. Harm Reduct J 2019; 16:18. [PMID: 30832672 PMCID: PMC6399932 DOI: 10.1186/s12954-019-0284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the prevalence of women’s participation in gambling is steadily increasing, there is a well-recognised male bias in gambling research and policy. Few papers have sought to synthesise the literature relating to women and gambling-related harm and provide practical suggestions to guide future research, policy, and practice which take into account the specific nuances associated with women’s gambling. Methods A narrative literature review was conducted to review the evidence base on women’s gambling behaviours and experiences of harm. Drawing from strategies used effectively in other areas of public health, key elements for a gendered approach to harm prevention were identified and adapted into practical public health research, policy and practice strategies. Results Results indicated a lack of research that explores women’s gambling. Few studies have examined the impact of gambling on the lives of women, with limited understanding of the factors that influence women’s engagement with gambling products, and the impact of industry tactics. A gendered approach was identified as a strategy used successfully in other areas of public health to shift the focus onto women and to ensure they are considered in research. In tobacco control, increasing trends in women’s smoking behaviour were combatted with targeted research, policy and practical initiatives. These key elements were adapted to create a conceptual framework for reducing and preventing gambling harm in women. The framework provides regulatory direction and a research agenda to minimise gambling-related harm for women both in Australia and internationally. Evidence-based policies should be implemented to focus on the influence of gender and associated factors to address gambling-related harm. Practical interventions must take into account how women conceptualise and respond to gambling risk in order to develop specific harm prevention programs which respond to their needs. Conclusion A gendered approach to gambling harm prevention shifts the focus onto the unique factors associated with women’s gambling and specific ways to prevent harm. As seen in other areas of public health, such a framework enables harm measures, policies, and interventions to be developed that are salient to girls and women’s lives, experiences and circumstances. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12954-019-0284-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone McCarthy
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Samantha L Thomas
- Centre for Population Health Research, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Maria E Bellringer
- Gambling and Addictions Research Centre, School of Public Health and Psychosocial Studies, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rebecca Cassidy
- Department of Anthropology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yakovenko I, Hodgins DC. A scoping review of co-morbidity in individuals with disordered gambling. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2017.1364400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Yakovenko
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - David C. Hodgins
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Beaulac É, Andronicos M, Lesage A, Robert M, Larochelle S, Séguin M. Quelle est l’influence du genre dans la recherche de soins chez les joueurs? JOURNAL OF GAMBLING ISSUES 2017. [DOI: 10.4309/jgi.2017.35.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cette étude vise à décrire l’influence du genre sur les différentes étapes amenant un joueur ayant des problèmes de jeu à prendre la décision de rechercher de l’aide. Le modèle de recherche d’aide de Goldsmith, Jackson et Hough (1988) a été utilisé pour conceptualiser les étapes de prise de décision menant à consulter des services d’aide pour un problème de jeu de hasard et d’argent. Au total, 83 participants, dont 45 femmes et 38 hommes adultes, y ont pris part. Les résultats indiquent que, comparativement aux hommes, les femmes sont plus nombreuses à habiter en couple, ont plus souvent de faibles revenus et subviennent moins fréquemment seules à leurs besoins, rapportent des conduites de jeu plus conséquentes, souffrent davantage de troubles anxieux au cours de leur vie et, enfin, consultent surtout des services non spécialisés. Au cours des 12 derniers mois, les femmes avaient consulté plus souvent les services médicaux de première ligne et avaient eu moins fréquemment recours aux services spécialisés que les hommes.The aim of this study was to describe the influence of gender on the various stages of the decision-making process that bring problem gamblers to seek help. The authors used the help-seeking model developed by Goldsmith, Jackson and Hough (1988) to conceptualize the different stages of the process that leads to consulting support services for a gambling problem. A total of 83 participants (45 females and 38 males) took part in the study. Results show that women are more likely to have a partner and to earn a lower income; they provide for their own needs less frequently than men; report more consistent gaming behaviours; are more prone to anxiety disorder during their lifetime; and consult primarily non-specialized services. In the previous 12 months, they had accessed front-line services more often and specialized services less frequently than men.
Collapse
|
15
|
An Update on Gender Differences in the Characteristics Associated with Problem Gambling: a Systematic Review. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-016-0106-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Andronicos M, Beauchamp G, Robert M, Besson J, Séguin M. Male gamblers – suicide victims and living controls: comparison of adversity over the life course. INTERNATIONAL GAMBLING STUDIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14459795.2016.1151914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Haw J, Holdsworth L. Gender Differences in the Temporal Sequencing of Problem Gambling with Other Disorders. Int J Ment Health Addict 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-015-9601-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
|