1
|
Johnson BR, Benaim EH, Thompson NJ, Marouf A, Dedmon MM, Anderson MR, Selleck AM, Brown KD, Dillon MT. Management of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays Misplaced in the Internal Auditory Canal: A Systematic Review. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:e460-e467. [PMID: 38865720 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Misplacement of electrode arrays in the internal auditory canal (IAC) presents a unique clinical challenge. Speech recognition is limited for cochlear implant (CI) users with misplaced arrays, and there are risks with revision surgery including facial and/or cochlear nerve injury. DATABASES REVIEWED PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. METHODS A literature search was performed from inception to September 2023. The search terms were designed to capture articles on misplaced arrays and the management options. Articles written in English that described cases of array misplacement into the IAC for children and adults were included. The level of evidence was assessed using Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine guidelines. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Twenty-eight cases of arrays misplaced in the IAC were identified. Thirteen (46%) were patients with incomplete partition type 3 (IP3), and 7 (25%) were patients with common cavity (CC) malformations. Most misplaced arrays were identified postoperatively (19 cases; 68%). Of these cases, 11 (58%) were managed with array removal. No facial nerve injuries were reported with revision surgery. Eight cases (42%) were left in place. Several underwent mapping procedures in an attempt improve the sound quality with the CI. CONCLUSION Electrode array misplacement in the IAC is a rare complication that reportedly occurs predominately in cases with IP3 and CC malformations. Removal of misplaced arrays from the IAC reportedly has not been associated with facial nerve injuries. Cases identified with IAC misplacement postoperatively can potentially be managed with modified mapping techniques before proceeding with revision surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ezer H Benaim
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nicholas J Thompson
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Azmi Marouf
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Matthew M Dedmon
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Melissa R Anderson
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - A Morgan Selleck
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kevin D Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Margaret T Dillon
- Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Savoca E, Smith B, Shaffer AD, Kitsko D, Chi D. Utility of Intraoperative Radiographs in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Surgery. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 169:1282-1289. [PMID: 37051895 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the role of intraoperative radiographs to confirm electrode position following pediatric cochlear implantation (CI). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. SETTING Single tertiary care pediatric center. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted, including all pediatric patients undergoing CI at UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh over a 13-year period. RESULTS We identified 326 patients undergoing 492 procedures. Across the cohort, there were 7 cases that required intraoperative electrode reinsertion due to malposition or presumed malposition. For 6 of the 7 cases, intraoperative X-ray identified electrode malposition. Neural response telemetry (NRT) testing was also abnormal for 4 of these cases prior to reinsertion. Implantation of Cochlear's Slim Modiolar electrode was associated with an abnormal perioperative X-ray (odds ratio [OR]: 9.2, p = 0.03) and increased change in management (OR: 9.2, p = 0.03) compared to Cochlear's Contour Advance (CA). Incidence of abnormal X-rays was 1.24% overall, 4% in the Slim Modiolar group, and 0.3% in the CA group. The Slim Modiolar electrode accounted for 4 of 7 cases requiring reinsertion, and in all 4 of these cases, electrode fold-over was identified on the X-ray. NRT was normal in 1 of these 4 cases. CONCLUSION The use of Cochlear's Slim Modiolar electrode was associated with a significantly increased risk of abnormal intraoperative X-ray compared to the CA electrode. Given the risk of fold-over with routine insertion and normal electrical testing using the Slim Modiolar electrode, we recommend routine use of intraoperative skull X-ray to confirm electrode position.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Savoca
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Ear, Nose & Throat Surgeons of Western New England, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brandon Smith
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amber D Shaffer
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dennis Kitsko
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Chi
- UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leblans M, Zarowski A, Molisz A, van Dinther J, Dedeyne J, Lerut B, Kuhweide R, Offeciers E. Cochlear implant electrode array tip-foldover detection by electrode voltage telemetry. Cochlear Implants Int 2022:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2022.2148890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Leblans
- European Institute for ORL, GZA Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Zarowski
- European Institute for ORL, GZA Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Molisz
- Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Janne Dedeyne
- ENT Department, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Bob Lerut
- ENT Department, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Rudolf Kuhweide
- ENT Department, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende, Brugge, Belgium
| | - Erwin Offeciers
- European Institute for ORL, GZA Sint-Augustinus, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cochlear Implantation in Children with Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct: A Systematic Review of Surgical Implications and Outcomes. Ear Hear 2022; 44:440-447. [PMID: 36397213 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated age at implantation, improvement in hearing and speech perception outcomes, as well as surgical complications in pediatric cochlear implant recipients with Pendred Syndrome (PS) or non-syndromic enlarged vestibular aqueduct (NSEVA). DESIGN A systematic review of the literature between 1984 and 2021 was performed. Two independent reviewers performed abstract and full-text screening using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. The inclusion criteria were: English language, cochlear implant, age at implantation available, age <18 years, PS, Mondini malformation, and enlarged vestibular aqueduct. Full-text analysis was completed using the National Institute of Health assessment tool for case series and case-control studies. Studies were also graded according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine grading system. RESULTS In total, 198 studies were identified and screened, and 55 studies were included for analysis. Audiological outcomes were available in 46 studies, and the four-frequency pure-tone audiogram average improved by 60 to 78 dB HL due to cochlear implantation. Auditory performance and speech intelligibility scores increased by 44%. The overall average implantation age was 60 months. The implantation age was 21 months lower in the studies where individuals were implanted after the year 2000 compared with those implanted before the year 2000. Perilymph gusher/oozing was the most common surgical incident reported, occurring in 187 of 1572 implantations. CONCLUSIONS In children with PS/NSEVA, cochlear implantation improves pure-tone average by 60 to 78 dB HL and capacity of auditory performance/speech intelligibility by 44%. The implantation age for these children has decreased during the last two decades but is still somewhat higher than reported for unselected pediatric cochlear implantation. Perilymph gusher/oozing is the most common surgical complication.
Collapse
|
5
|
Schneider D, Anschuetz L, Mueller F, Hermann J, O'Toole Bom Braga G, Wagner F, Weder S, Mantokoudis G, Weber S, Caversaccio M. Freehand Stereotactic Image-Guidance Tailored to Neurotologic Surgery. Front Surg 2021; 8:742112. [PMID: 34692764 PMCID: PMC8529212 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.742112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis: The use of freehand stereotactic image-guidance with a target registration error (TRE) of μTRE + 3σTRE < 0.5 mm for navigating surgical instruments during neurotologic surgery is safe and useful. Background: Neurotologic microsurgery requires work at the limits of human visual and tactile capabilities. Anatomy localization comes at the expense of invasiveness caused by exposing structures and using them as orientation landmarks. In the absence of more-precise and less-invasive anatomy localization alternatives, surgery poses considerable risks of iatrogenic injury and sub-optimal treatment. There exists an unmet clinical need for an accurate, precise, and minimally-invasive means for anatomy localization and instrument navigation during neurotologic surgery. Freehand stereotactic image-guidance constitutes a solution to this. While the technology is routinely used in medical fields such as neurosurgery and rhinology, to date, it is not used for neurotologic surgery due to insufficient accuracy of clinically available systems. Materials and Methods: A freehand stereotactic image-guidance system tailored to the needs of neurotologic surgery-most importantly sub-half-millimeter accuracy-was developed. Its TRE was assessed preclinically using a task-specific phantom. A pilot clinical trial targeting N = 20 study participants was conducted (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03852329) to validate the accuracy and usefulness of the developed system. Clinically, objective assessment of the TRE is impossible because establishing a sufficiently accurate ground-truth is impossible. A method was used to validate accuracy and usefulness based on intersubjectivity assessment of surgeon ratings of corresponding image-pairs from the microscope/endoscope and the image-guidance system. Results: During the preclinical accuracy assessment the TRE was measured as 0.120 ± 0.05 mm (max: 0.27 mm, μTRE + 3σTRE = 0.27 mm, N = 310). Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study was terminated early after N = 3 participants. During an endoscopic cholesteatoma removal, a microscopic facial nerve schwannoma removal, and a microscopic revision cochlear implantation, N = 75 accuracy and usefulness ratings were collected from five surgeons each grading 15 image-pairs. On a scale from 1 (worst rating) to 5 (best rating), the median (interquartile range) accuracy and usefulness ratings were assessed as 5 (4-5) and 4 (4-5) respectively. Conclusion: Navigating surgery in the tympanomastoid compartment and potentially in the lateral skull base with sufficiently accurate freehand stereotactic image-guidance (μTRE + 3σTRE < 0.5 mm) is feasible, safe, and useful. Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT03852329.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Schneider
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Anschuetz
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Mueller
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jan Hermann
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Franca Wagner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Georgios Mantokoudis
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weber
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Caversaccio
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
X-linked Malformation Deafness: Neurodevelopmental Symptoms Are Common in Children With IP3 Malformation and Mutation in POU3F4. Ear Hear 2021; 43:53-69. [PMID: 34133399 PMCID: PMC8694264 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Incomplete partition type 3 (IP3) malformation deafness is a rare hereditary cause of congenital or rapid progressive hearing loss. The children present with a severe to profound mixed hearing loss and temporal bone imaging show a typical inner ear malformation classified as IP3. Cochlear implantation is one option of hearing restoration in severe cases. Little is known about other specific difficulties these children might exhibit, for instance possible neurodevelopmental symptoms.
Collapse
|
7
|
Castellino A, Rayamajhi P, Kurkure R, Kameswaran M. Posterior semi-circular canal electrode misplacement in Goldenhar's syndrome. Cochlear Implants Int 2020; 22:56-60. [PMID: 32762309 DOI: 10.1080/14670100.2020.1802905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Literature documents the incidence of electrode misplacement within the range of 0.2% to 5.8% with the superior SCC as the most common site, followed by the vestibule. In this report, we present the finding of electrode misplacement in the posterior SCC in a child with Goldenhar syndrome which was subsequently corrected. This child with bilateral congenital profound SNHL presented for unilateral cochlear implant surgery. Intraoperatively, the lateral SCC bulge, stapes, oval window, round window niche and pyramid were noted absent, leading to a surgical decision in favour of a subtotal petrosectomy. Using the aberrant facial nerve and jugular bulb as critical landmarks, a cochleostomy was performed in the posteroinferior aspect of the promontory bulge. Although electrode insertion was smooth and complete, NRT was absent in the presence of normal electrode impedance. A post-operative HRCT scan showed the electrodes in the posterior SCC. Repositioning of the electrodes was carried out by creating a new cochleostomy anteroinferior to the previous one. Complete correct electrode insertion was accomplished via this cochleostomy complimented by robust NRT tracings. Cochlear implant electrode insertion should be supported by correct identification of surgical landmarks. Intraoperative impedance testing and NRT help confirm device integrity and correct placement, the absence of which may raise the suspicion of malposition. In the presence of such a suspicion, the post-operative HRCT scan is a useful retrospective guide to corrective action, in a low-cost setting lacking intra-operative imaging facilities like X-ray, Fluoroscopy, Flat Panel CT & CBCT. Abbreviations, BERA: Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry; CBCT: Cone Beam Computed Tomography; EAC: External Auditory Canal; ITD: Insertion Test Device; LSCS: Lower Segment Caesarean Section; MDT: Multi-Disciplinary Team; NICU: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit; NRT: Neural Response Telemetry; OAE: Oto-Acoustic Emissions; PIH: Pregnancy Induced Hypertension; SCC: Semi-Circular Canal; SNHL: Sensori-Neural Hearing Loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rahul Kurkure
- Madras ENT Research Foundation (P) Ltd, Chennai, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grinblat G, Vlad D, Caruso A, Sanna M. Evaluation of Subtotal Petrosectomy Technique in Difficult Cases of Cochlear Implantation. Audiol Neurootol 2020; 25:323-335. [PMID: 32474562 DOI: 10.1159/000507419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the validity of the subtotal petrosectomy (STP) technique in problematic cases of cochlear implant (CI) surgery, and review indications, outcomes, and related controversies. STUDY DESIGN This is a retrospective review of data from a private quaternary referral center of otology and skull base surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS A review of patients who underwent CI with STP (STP-CI) as the leading approach was performed. Demographics, indications, surgical details, and main outcomes were evaluated. The surgeries performed were usually single-stage procedures encompassing a comprehensive mastoidectomy, blind sac closure of the external auditory canal (EAC), and mastoid obliteration with autologous fat. RESULTS A total of 107 cases were included. Mean follow-up was 7.1 years (range 1-13 years). The most frequent indication for STP-CI was chronic otitis media with/without cholesteatoma (32.7%), followed by open mastoid cavity (26.1%), and cochlear ossification (17.7%). Other difficult conditions where STP facilitates successful implantation include inner-ear malformations, temporal-bone trauma, unfavorable anatomic conditions, and revision surgery. A planned staged procedure was performed in 3 cases. The rate of major complications was 5.6% (n = 6). Three patients developed postauricular wound dehiscence which eventually resulted in device extrusion. No cases of recurrent/entrapped cholesteatoma, EAC breakdown, or meningitis were encountered. This is the largest single-center series of STP-CI reported in the literature. CONCLUSIONS When CI is intended in technically challenging cases or associated with a high risk of complications, STP is effective and reliable. Safe implantation and excellent long-term outcomes can be achieved provided surgical steps are properly followed. Single-stage procedures can be performed in most cases, even when there is active middle-ear disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Golda Grinblat
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center Affiliated to the Technion University Haifa, Hadera, Israel, .,Gruppo Otologico, Quaternary Referral Center for Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery, Piacenza, Italy,
| | - Diana Vlad
- Gruppo Otologico, Quaternary Referral Center for Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery, Piacenza, Italy.,Second Department of Otolaryngology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonio Caruso
- Gruppo Otologico, Quaternary Referral Center for Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Mario Sanna
- Gruppo Otologico, Quaternary Referral Center for Otology, Neurotology and Skull Base Surgery, Piacenza, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
|