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Feng YT, Yang CY, Wu L, Wang YC, Shen GW, Lin P. BmSPP is a virus resistance gene in Bombyx mori. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1377270. [PMID: 38585268 PMCID: PMC10995218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1377270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Signal peptide peptidase (SPP) is an intramembrane protease involved in a variety of biological processes, it participates in the processing of signal peptides after the release of the nascent protein to regulate the endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway, binds misfolded membrane proteins, and aids in their clearance process. Additionally, it regulates normal immune surveillance and assists in the processing of viral proteins. Although SPP is essential for many viral infections, its role in silkworms remains unclear. Studying its role in the silkworm, Bombyx mori , may be helpful in breeding virus-resistant silkworms. Methods First, we performed RT-qPCR to analyze the expression pattern of BmSPP. Subsequently, we inhibited BmSPP using the SPP inhibitor 1,3-di-(N-carboxybenzoyl-L-leucyl-L-leucylaminopropanone ((Z-LL)2-ketone) and downregulated the expression of BmSPP using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Furthermore, we assessed the impact of these interventions on the proliferation of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Results We observed a decreased in the expression of BmSPP during viral proliferation. It was found that higher concentration of the inhibitor resulted in greater inhibition of BmNPV proliferation. The down-regulation of BmSPP in both in vivo and in vitro was found to affect the proliferation of BmNPV. In comparison to wild type silkworm, BmSPPKO silkworms exhibited a 12.4% reduction in mortality rate. Discussion Collectively, this work demonstrates that BmSPP plays a negative regulatory role in silkworm resistance to BmNPV infection and is involved in virus proliferation and replication processes. This finding suggests that BmSPP servers as a target gene for BmNPV virus resistance in silkworms and can be utilized in resistance breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ping Lin
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Zhou W, Bias K, Lenczewski-Jowers D, Henderson J, Cupp V, Ananga A, Ochieng JW, Tsolova V. Analysis of Protein Sequence Identity, Binding Sites, and 3D Structures Identifies Eight Pollen Species and Ten Fruit Species with High Risk of Cross-Reactive Allergies. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081464. [PMID: 36011375 PMCID: PMC9408803 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Fruit allergens are proteins from fruits or pollen that cause allergy in humans, an increasing food safety concern worldwide. With the globalization of food trade and changing lifestyles and dietary habits, characterization and identification of these allergens are urgently needed to inform public awareness, diagnosis and treatment of allergies, drug design, as well as food standards and regulations. This study conducted a phylogenetic reconstruction and protein clustering among 60 fruit and pollen allergens from 19 species, and analyzed the clusters, in silico, for cross-reactivity (IgE), 3D protein structure prediction, transmembrane and signal peptides, and conserved domains and motifs. Herein, we wanted to predict the likelihood of their interaction with antibodies, as well as cross-reactivity between the many allergens derived from the same protein families, as the potential for cross-reactivity complicates the management of fruit allergies. Phylogenetic analysis classified the allergens into four clusters. The first cluster (n = 9) comprising pollen allergens showed a high risk of cross-reactivity between eight allergens, with Bet v1 conserved domain, but lacked a transmembrane helix and signal peptide. The second (n = 10) cluster similarly suggested a high risk of cross-reactivity among allergens, with Prolifin conserved domain. However, the group lacked a transmembrane helix and signal peptide. The third (n = 13) and fourth (n = 29) clusters comprised allergens with significant sequence diversity, predicted low risk of cross-reactivity, and showed both a transmembrane helix and signal peptide. These results are critical for treatment and drug design that mostly use transmembrane proteins as targets. The prediction of high risk of cross-reactivity indicates that it may be possible to design a generic drug that will be effective against the wide range of allergens. Therefore, in the past, we may have avoided the array of fruit species if one was allergic to any one member of the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1740 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Room 305-A Perry Paige South, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (A.A.); Tel.: +1-850-599-3249 (W.Z.)
| | - Kaylah Bias
- Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1740 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Room 305-A Perry Paige South, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Dylan Lenczewski-Jowers
- Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1740 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Room 305-A Perry Paige South, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Jiliah Henderson
- Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1740 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Room 305-A Perry Paige South, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Victor Cupp
- Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1740 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Room 305-A Perry Paige South, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
| | - Anthony Ananga
- Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1740 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Room 305-A Perry Paige South, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruits Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 6505 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (A.A.); Tel.: +1-850-599-3249 (W.Z.)
| | - Joel Winyo Ochieng
- Agricultural Biotechnology Programme, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 29053, Nairobi 00625, Kenya
| | - Violeta Tsolova
- Food Science Program, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 1740 S. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd. Room 305-A Perry Paige South, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
- Center for Viticulture and Small Fruits Research, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Florida A&M University, 6505 Mahan Drive, Tallahassee, FL 32317, USA
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