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Paluch J, Mermer K, Kwiatkowska J, Kozak M, Kozak J. Novel sample double dilution calibration method for determination of lithium in biological samples using automatic flow system with in-syringe reaction. Talanta 2024; 276:126177. [PMID: 38718643 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
A novel sample double dilution calibration method (SDDCM) and an automatic flow system with in-syringe reaction and spectrophotometric detection were developed for determining lithium in biological samples. The method is based on the reaction of lithium with Thorin in an alkaline medium and the signal was measured at 480 nm. The reaction was performed simultaneously for both standards and samples in three syringes of the automatic flow system. The method was validated and successfully applied to the determination of lithium in synthetic and pharmaceutical samples, with results consistent with the ICP OES method. The novel calibration method, developed for the determination of lithium in biological samples, uses a sample with two dilution degrees. Using the method, the concentration of the analyte is determined by relating the signal for a less diluted sample to the calibration plot for a more diluted sample and vice versa. The implementation of the calibration method was facilitated by preparing solutions directly in the flow system. The use of two sample dilutions makes it possible to determine the analyte in the sample without preliminary preparation. Moreover, obtaining two results based on signals for a sample diluted to different degrees allows them to be verified for accuracy. The proposed approach was successfully verified by the determination of lithium in certified reference materials of blood serum and urine. Using the developed method lithium was determined within the concentration range of 0.06-1.5 mg L-1, with precision (CV, %) less than 6.7, and accuracy (RE, %) better than 6.9. The detection limit was 0.03 mg L-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Paluch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Karolina Mermer
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland; Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Kwiatkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Kozak
- Oil and Gas Institute - National Research Institute, Lubicz 25A, 31-503, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
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Salazar de Pablo G, Young AH. Should lithium be used in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 82:1-2. [PMID: 38310671 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Salazar de Pablo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, IiSGM, CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Allan H Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK; South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Bethlem Royal Hospital, Kent, UK
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Abbasi N, Mirabzadeh Y, Khesali G, Ebrahimkhani Z, Karimi H, Vaseghi S. Chronic REM sleep deprivation leads to manic- and OCD-related behaviors, and decreases hippocampal BDNF expression in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024:10.1007/s00213-024-06566-0. [PMID: 38430395 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06566-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation (SD) can induce manic-like behaviors in rodents. On the other hand, lithium, as one of the oldest drugs used in neuropsychiatric disorders, is still one of the best drugs for the treatment and control of bipolar disorder. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of chronic short-term REM SD in the induction of manic-like behaviors in female rats. METHODS The rats were exposed to REM SD for 14 days (6 hours/day). Lithium was intraperitoneally injected at the doses of 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg. RESULTS REM SD induced hyperactivity and OCD-like behavior, and decreased anxiety, depressive-like behavior, and pain subthreshold. REM SD also impaired passive avoidance memory and decreased hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression level. Lithium at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg partly and completely abolished these effects, respectively. However, lithium (100 mg/kg) increased BDNF expression level in control and sham REM SD rats with no significant changes in behavior. CONCLUSIONS Chronic short-term REM SD may induce a mania-like model and lead to OCD-like behavior and irritability. In the present study, we demonstrated a putative rodent model of mania induced by chronic REM SD in female rats. We suggest that future studies should examine behavioral and mood changes following chronic REM SD in both sexes. Furthermore, the relationship between manic-like behaviors and chronic REM SD should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahal Abbasi
- Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yasaman Mirabzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Khesali
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimkhani
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hanie Karimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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Fiorillo A, Sampogna G, Albert U, Maina G, Perugi G, Pompili M, Rosso G, Sani G, Tortorella A. Facts and myths about the use of lithium for bipolar disorder in routine clinical practice: an expert consensus paper. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:50. [PMID: 38057894 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00481-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is one of the most burdensome severe mental disorders, characterized by high levels of personal and social disability. Patients often need an integrated pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach. Lithium is one of the most effective treatments available not only in psychiatry, but in the whole medicine, and its clinical efficacy is superior to that of other mood stabilizers. However, a declining trend on lithium prescriptions has been observed worldwide in the last 20 years, supporting the notion that lithium is a 'forgotten drug' and highlighting that the majority of patients with bipolar disorder are missing out the best available pharmacological option. Based on such premises, a narrative review has been carried out on the most common "misconceptions" and "stereotypes" associated with lithium treatment; we also provide a list of "good reasons" for using lithium in ordinary clinical practice to overcome those false myths. MAIN TEXT A narrative search of the available literature has been performed entering the following keywords: "bipolar disorder", "lithium", "myth", "mythology", "pharmacological treatment", and "misunderstanding". The most common false myths have been critically revised and the following statements have been proposed: (1) Lithium should represent the first choice for the treatment of patients with bipolar disorder; (2) lithium treatment is effective in different patients' groups suffering from bipolar disorder; (3) Drug-drug interaction risk can be easily managed during lithium treatment; (4) The optimal management of lithium treatment includes periodical laboratory tests; (5) Slow-release lithium formulation has advantages compared to immediate release formulation; (6) Lithium treatment has antisuicidal properties; (7) Lithium can be carefully managed during pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS In recent years, a discrepancy between evidence-based recommendations and clinical practice in using lithium treatment for patients with bipolar disorder has been highlighted. It is time to disseminate clear and unbiased information on the clinical efficacy, effectiveness, tolerability and easiness to use of lithium treatment in patients with bipolar disorder. It is necessary to reinvigorate the clinical and academic discussion about the efficacy of lithium, to counteract the decreasing prescription trend of one of the most effective drugs available in the whole medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Fiorillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaia Sampogna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Largo Madonna delle Grazie, Naples, Italy.
| | - Umberto Albert
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maina
- San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Perugi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital - Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rosso
- San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences "Rita Levi Montalcini", University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy
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