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Suárez-moreno GV, Hernández-romero D, García-barradas Ó, Vázquez-vera Ó, Rosete-luna S, Cruz-cruz CA, López-monteon A, Carrillo-ahumada J, Morales-morales D, Colorado-peralta R. Second and third-row transition metal compounds containing benzimidazole ligands: An overview of their anticancer and antitumour activity. Coord Chem Rev 2022; 472:214790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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2
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Li QS, Shen BN, Zhang Z, Luo S, Ruan BF. Discovery of Anticancer Agents from 2-Pyrazoline-Based Compounds. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:940-962. [PMID: 32141413 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327666200306120151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic structural units, the substituted pyrazole derivatives have a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, especially 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles that also commonly known as 2-pyrazolines. Since 2010, considerable studies have been found that the 2-pyrazoline derivatives possess potent anticancer activities. In the present review, it covers the pyrazoline derivatives reported by literature from 2010 till date (2010-2019). This review aims to establish the relationship between the anticancer activities variation and different substituents introduced into a 2-pyrazoline core, which could provide important pharmacophore clues for the discovery of new anticancer agents containing 2-pyrazoline scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Shan Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Bang-Nian Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Shuying Luo
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450018, China
| | - Ban-Feng Ruan
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Regulation for Major Diseases of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230601, China
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3
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Martı Nez-Alonso M, Sanz P, Ortega P, Espino G, Jalón FA, Martín M, Rodrı Guez AM, López JA, Tejel C, Manzano BR. Analysis of Ion Pairing in Solid State and Solution in p-Cymene Ruthenium Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:14171-14183. [PMID: 32930592 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The importance of ion pairing in different fields of chemistry is widely recognized. In this work, we have synthesized a set of cationic p-cymene ruthenium complexes of general formula [(p-cym)Ru(L')(κ2-O^N-L)]X (p-cym = p-cymene; L' = N-methylimidazole (MeIm), N-ethylpiperidylimidazole (EpipIm), 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA); L = 2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)phenolato (L1), 2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)phenolato (L2); X = Cl-, BF4-, OTf-, BPh4-). X-ray diffraction studies on selected complexes revealed relatively strong anion-cation interactions in the solid state mainly based on N-H···X (X = Cl, F, O) and C-H···π interactions, also observed in the DFT-modeled complexes in the gas phase. Moreover, NMR studies showed that they exist as intimate ion pairs in solution and, remarkably, as head-to-tail quadruples in the particular case of the cation [(p-cym)Ru(MeIm)(κ2- O^N-L1)]+ ([1]+) with Cl- and BPh4- as counteranions. Furthermore, a value of ΔG = -2.9 kcal mol-1 at 299 K has been estimated for the equilibrium {[1]BPh4···[1]BPh4} ⇆ 2{[1]+···BPh4-} in concentrated CDCl3 solutions. In addition, preliminary studies concerning the cytotoxic properties against HeLa cell lines of the derivatives suggested a positive effect derived from the presence of the lipophilic BPh4- anion and also from the NH group of the benzimidazolyl fragment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Martı Nez-Alonso
- University de Burgos. Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s. n., 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Pedro Sanz
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Paula Ortega
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Gustavo Espino
- University de Burgos. Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Plaza Misael Bañuelos s. n., 09001-Burgos, Spain
| | - Félix A Jalón
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Mairena Martín
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ana M Rodrı Guez
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, IRICA, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Industriales, Avda. C. J. Cela, 3, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - José A López
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Tejel
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009-Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Blanca R Manzano
- University de Castilla-La Mancha, Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Orgánica y Bioquímica, CRIB, Fac. de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Avda. C. J. Cela, 10, 13071-Ciudad Real, Spain
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Hernández-Morales A, Rivera JM, López-Monteon A, Lagunes-Castro S, Castillo-Blum S, Cureño-Hernández K, Flores-Parra A, Villaseñor-Granados O, Colorado-Peralta R. Complexes containing benzimidazolyl-phenol ligands and Ln(III) ions: Synthesis, spectroscopic studies and preliminary cytotoxicity evaluation. J Inorg Biochem 2019; 201:110842. [PMID: 31536950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2019.110842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen new complexes were obtained from Ln(III)(NO3)3∙n-H2O and the chromophores 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-phenol (Bzp1) or 2-(5-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-phenol (Bzp2). The complete characterization allowed us to assign unequivocally the structures of all the complexes. The techniques used for this purpose were Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) and Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies, High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS), Magnetic Susceptibility (MS), Elemental Analysis (EA) and Molar Conductivity (MC). HRMS allowed us to find the molecular ion and its isotopic pattern. The FT-IR spectral data suggested that benzimidazolyl-phenol ligands coordinate with Ln(III) ions through iminic nitrogen and phenolic oxygen. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) studies of NdBzp1 and GdBzp2 complexes indicate the presence of lattice water along with three nitrates and two benzimidazolyl-phenol ligands; the thermal decomposition was consistent with the minimal formula suggested by EA. The coordination type of the benzimidazolyl-phenol ligands, the geometry and the structural organization of these coordination complexes have been interpreted by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, and they coincided with the physicochemical data suggesting a coordination number eight for the Ln(III) ions. The cytotoxicity of the chromophores and their coordination complexes was tested against a cancer cell line (HeLa), as compared with structure/support cells (NIH-3T3) and defense cells (J774A.1), revealing that three coordination complexes showed moderate cytotoxicity against the cell lines studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José María Rivera
- Maestría en Ciencias en Procesos Biológicos, FCQ-UV, C.P. 94340 Orizaba, Ver., Mexico
| | - Aracely López-Monteon
- Maestría en Ciencias en Procesos Biológicos, FCQ-UV, C.P. 94340 Orizaba, Ver., Mexico
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Raúl Colorado-Peralta
- Maestría en Ciencias en Procesos Biológicos, FCQ-UV, C.P. 94340 Orizaba, Ver., Mexico.
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5
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Pradeep I, Balajothi B, Arunachalam S, Dhivya R, Vinothkanna A, Akbarsha MA, Sekar S. Fluorescent active ruthenium(ii) complex units containing bpy or phen or dmp ligands anchored on branched poly(ethylenimine): DNA binding and in vitro biological assessment. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00692b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UV light irradiation visible responses of polymer ruthenium complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rajakumar Dhivya
- Mahatma Gandhi-Doerenkamp Center
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli–620024
- India
| | - Annadurai Vinothkanna
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli–620024
- India
| | | | - Soundarapandian Sekar
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology
- Bharathidasan University
- Tiruchirappalli–620024
- India
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6
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Sabbah DA, Saada M, Khalaf RA, Bardaweel S, Sweidan K, Al-qirim T, Al-zughier A, Halim HA, Sheikha GA. Molecular modeling based approach, synthesis, and cytotoxic activity of novel benzoin derivatives targeting phosphoinostide 3-kinase (PI3Kα). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3120-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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7
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Paul BK, Ray D, Guchhait N. Unraveling the binding interaction and kinetics of a prospective anti-HIV drug with a model transport protein: results and challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1275-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp42539d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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8
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Thota S, Imran M, Udugula M, Karki SS, Kanjarla N, Yerra R, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, antineoplastic, in vitro-cytotoxic, and antibacterial activities of mononuclear ruthenium(II) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.663082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Thota
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Toxicology , SR College of Pharmacy, Ananthasagar, Warangal 506371 , Andhrapradesh , India
| | - Mohammad Imran
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Toxicology , SR College of Pharmacy, Ananthasagar, Warangal 506371 , Andhrapradesh , India
| | - Manasa Udugula
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Toxicology , SR College of Pharmacy, Ananthasagar, Warangal 506371 , Andhrapradesh , India
| | - Subhas Somalingappa Karki
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, College of Pharmacy, 2nd Block, Rajajinagar , Bangalore 560010 , Karnataka , India
| | - Narasimha Kanjarla
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Toxicology , SR College of Pharmacy, Ananthasagar, Warangal 506371 , Andhrapradesh , India
| | - Rajeshwar Yerra
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry & Toxicology , SR College of Pharmacy, Ananthasagar, Warangal 506371 , Andhrapradesh , India
| | - Jan Balzarini
- c Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10 , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- c Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10 , B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
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Venzke D, Flores AFC, Quina FH, Pizzuti L, Pereira CMP. Ultrasound promoted greener synthesis of 2-(3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-phenylthiazoles. Ultrason Sonochem 2011; 18:370-374. [PMID: 20728398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2010.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A rapid and cleaner procedure for the synthesis of a series of 2-(3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-phenylthiazoles under ultrasonic irradiation in ethanol is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila Venzke
- Departamento de Química e Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 96010-900 Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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10
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Wu ZY, Huang RB, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Ruthenium–bipyridine complexes bearing fullerene or carbon nanotubes: synthesis and impact of different carbon-based ligands on the resulting products. Dalton Trans 2011; 40:8353-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c1dt10417a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Thota S, Karki SS, Jayaveera K, Balzarini J, Clercq ED. Synthesis, characterization, antitumor, and cytotoxic activity of mononuclear Ru(II) complexes. J COORD CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2010.534140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Thota
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , S.R. College of Pharmacy , Ananthasagar, Warangal – 506371 , Andhrapradesh , India
| | - Subhas Somalingappa Karki
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, College of Pharmacy , 2nd Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore – 560010 , Karnataka , India
| | - K.N. Jayaveera
- c Department of Chemistry , JNTU Oil Technological Research Institute , Anantapur – 515001, Andhrapradesh , India
| | - Jan Balzarini
- d Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- d Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven , Minderbroedersstraat 10, B-3000 Leuven , Belgium
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12
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Thota S, Karki SS, Jayaveera KN, Balzarini J, Clercq ED. Synthesis, antineoplastic and cytotoxic activities of some mononuclear Ru(II) complexes. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 25:513-9. [DOI: 10.3109/14756360903357577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth Thota
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.R. College of Pharmacy, Ananthasagar, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Subhas S. Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLES College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K. N. Jayaveera
- Department of Chemistry, JNTU College of Engineering, Ananthapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Jan Balzarini
- Rega Institute for Medical Reasearch, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik De Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Reasearch, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mandal P, Ganguly T. Fluorescence Spectroscopic Characterization of the Interaction of Human Adult Hemoglobin and Two Isatins, 1-Methylisatin and 1-Phenylisatin: A Comparative Study. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:14904-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9062115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulami Mandal
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Tapan Ganguly
- Department of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India
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Pizzuti L, Piovesan LA, Flores AFC, Quina FH, Pereira CMP. Environmentally friendly sonocatalysis promoted preparation of 1-thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles. Ultrason Sonochem 2009; 16:728-31. [PMID: 19324584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An efficient and green synthesis of thiocarbamoyl-3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles via the condensation of chalcones with thiosemicarbazide in ethanol and KOH under ultrasound irradiation is reported. The products were isolated in good yields after short reaction times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pizzuti
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Ülküseven B, Bal-Demirci T, Akkurt M, Yalçın ŞP, Büyükgüngör O. Chelate structures of 5-(H/Br)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde-4-allyl-thiosemicarbazones (H2L): Synthesis and structural characterizations of [Ni(L)(PPh3)] and [Ru(HL)2(PPh3)2]. Polyhedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2008.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Karki SS, Thota S, Darj SY, Balzarini J, De Clercq E. Synthesis, anticancer, and cytotoxic activities of some mononuclear Ru(II) compounds. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:6632-41. [PMID: 17765549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2007] [Revised: 08/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of ruthenium compounds (Ru1-Ru12) of the type [Ru(S)(2)(K)], (where S=1,10-phenanthroline/2,2'-bipyridine and K=itsz, MeO-btsz, 4-Cl-btsz, 2-Cl-btsz, 2-F-btsz, hfc and itsz=isatin-3-thiosemicarbazone, MeO-btsz=1-(4'-methoxy-benzyl)-thiosemicarbazone, hfc=2-{[3-chloro-4-fluoro-phenylimino]methyl}phenol, 4-Cl-btsz=1-(4'-chlorobenzyl)-thiosemicarbazone, 2-Cl-btsz=1-(2'-chloro benzyl)-thiosemicarbazone, 2-F-btsz=1-(2'-fluorobenzyl)-thiosemicarbazone) are described. These ligands form bidentate octahedral ruthenium compounds. The title compounds were subjected to in vivo anticancer activity against a transplantable murine tumor cell line Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) and in vitro cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell line Molt 4/C8, CEM and murine tumor cell line L1210. Ruthenium compounds (Ru1-Ru12) showed promising biological activity especially in decreasing tumor volume and viable ascites cell counts. Treatment with these compounds prolonged the life span of mice bearing EAC tumor by 10-43%. In vitro evaluation of these ruthenium compounds revealed cytotoxic activity from 0.24 to 27 microM against Molt 4/C8, 0.27 to 48 microM against CEM, and 0.94 to 248 microM against L1210. Their ligands alone failed to show cytotoxic activity at the concentrations tested (68-405 microM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhas S Karki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLES College of Pharmacy, 2nd Block, Rajajinagar, Bangalore 560010, Karnataka, India.
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