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Monteiro KLC, Silva ON, Dos Santos Nascimento IJ, Mendonça Júnior FJB, Aquino PGV, da Silva-Júnior EF, de Aquino TM. Medicinal Chemistry of Inhibitors Targeting Resistant Bacteria. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1983-2028. [PMID: 35319372 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220321124452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics was a revolutionary feat that provided countless health benefits. The identification of penicillin by Alexander Fleming initiated the era of antibiotics, represented by constant discoveries that enabled effective treatments for the different classes of diseases caused by bacteria. However, the indiscriminate use of these drugs allowed the emergence of resistance mechanisms of these microorganisms against the available drugs. In addition, the constant discoveries in the 20th century generated a shortage of new molecules, worrying health agencies and professionals about the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains against available drugs. In this context, the advances of recent years in molecular biology and microbiology have allowed new perspectives in drug design and development, using the findings related to the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to generate new drugs that are not affected by such mechanisms and supply new molecules to be used to treat resistant bacterial infections. Besides, a promising strategy against bacterial resistance is the combination of drugs through adjuvants, providing new expectations in designing new antibiotics and new antimicrobial therapies. Thus, this manuscript will address the main mechanisms of bacterial resistance under the understanding of medicinal chemistry, showing the main active compounds against efflux mechanisms, and also the application of the use of drug delivery systems, and finally, the main potential natural products as adjuvants or with promising activity against resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadja Luana Chagas Monteiro
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Osmar Nascimento Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Center of Anápolis, Unievangélica, 75083-515, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Igor José Dos Santos Nascimento
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Mendonça de Aquino
- Research Group on Therapeutic Strategies - GPET, Laboratory of Synthesis and Research in Medicinal Chemistry - LSPMED, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Guillon J, Nim S, Moreau S, Ronga L, Savrimoutou S, Thivet E, Marchivie M, Di Pietro A, Prasad R, Le Borgne M. Synthesis of new piperazinyl-pyrrolo[1,2- a]quinoxaline derivatives as inhibitors of Candida albicans multidrug transporters by a Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2915-2931. [PMID: 35496110 PMCID: PMC9048445 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09348f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two series of piperazinyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared via a Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction and then evaluated for their ability to inhibit the drug efflux activity of CaCdr1p and CaMdr1p transporters of Candida albicans overexpressed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. In the initial screening of twenty-nine piperazinyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives, twenty-three compounds behaved as dual inhibitors of CaCdr1p and CaMdr1p. Only four compounds showed exclusive inhibition of CaCdr1p or CaMdr1p. Further biological investigations were developed and for example, their antifungal potential was evaluated by measuring the growth of control yeast cells (AD1-8u−) and efflux pump-overexpressing cells (AD-CDR1 and AD-MDR1) after exposition to variable concentrations of the tested compounds. The MIC80 values of nineteen compounds ranging from 100 to 901 μM for AD-CDR1 demonstrated that relative resistance index (RI) values were between 8 and 274. In comparison, only seven compounds had RI values superior to 4 in cells overexpressing Mdr1p. These results indicated substrate behavior for nineteen compounds for CaCdr1p and seven compounds for CaMdr1p, as these compounds were transported via MDR transporter overexpressing cells and not by the AD1-8u− cells. Finally, in a combination assay with fluconazole, two compounds (1d and 1f) have shown a synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values ≤ 0.5) at micromolar concentrations in the AD-MDR1 yeast strain overexpressing CaMdr1p-protein, indicating an excellent potency toward chemosensitization. Two series of piperazinyl-pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline derivatives were prepared via a Buchwald–Hartwig cross-coupling reaction and then evaluated for their ability to inhibit the drug efflux activity of two Candida albicans transporters.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Guillon
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1212 - UMR CNRS 5320, ARNA Laboratory, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Shweta Nim
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University 110067 New Delhi India
| | - Stéphane Moreau
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1212 - UMR CNRS 5320, ARNA Laboratory, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Luisa Ronga
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1212 - UMR CNRS 5320, ARNA Laboratory, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Solène Savrimoutou
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1212 - UMR CNRS 5320, ARNA Laboratory, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Elisabeth Thivet
- Univ. Bordeaux, INSERM U1212 - UMR CNRS 5320, ARNA Laboratory, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques F-33076 Bordeaux Cedex France
| | - Mathieu Marchivie
- CNRS, Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux INP, ICMCB, UMR 5026 F-33608 Pessac Cedex France
| | - Attilio Di Pietro
- DRMP Group, IBCP, UMR 5086 (MMSB), CNRS/Lyon I University 69367 Lyon France
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health, Amity University Education Valley Gurgaon 122413 India
| | - Marc Le Borgne
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Chemistry, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7 Lyon France
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3
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Krishna T, Reddy TN, Laxminarayana E, Kalita D. Copper-Catalyzed One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a
]quinoxaline Derivatives from 1-(2-Aminophenyl)-pyrroles and Aldehydes. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thalishetti Krishna
- Technology Development Centre; Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd; Hyderabad 500049 India
- Department of Chemistry; Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad, Kukatpally, Hyderabad -; 500 085 Telangana India
| | - Thatikonda Narendar Reddy
- Crop Protection Chemicals Division; CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Telangana; Hyderabad-500007 India
| | - Eppakayala Laxminarayana
- Department of Chemistry, Sreenidhi Institute of Science and Technology (Autonomous), Ghatkesar; Hyderabad- 501301, Telangana India
| | - Dipak Kalita
- Technology Development Centre; Custom Pharmaceutical Services, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Ltd; Hyderabad 500049 India
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Li J, Zhang J, Yang H, Gao Z, Jiang G. A Green Aerobic Oxidative Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines from Simple Alcohols without Metals and Additives. J Org Chem 2016; 82:765-769. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Li
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Huameng Yang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zeng Gao
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Gaoxi Jiang
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research
Institute of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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Liger F, Bouhours P, Ganem-Elbaz C, Jolivalt C, Pellet-Rostaing S, Popowycz F, Paris JM, Lemaire M. C2 Arylated Benzo[b]thiophene Derivatives asStaphylococcus aureusNorA Efflux Pump Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:320-30. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Liger
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement; CNRS-UMR 5246; L'Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS); 43 Bd. du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Pascale Bouhours
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel; CNRS-UMR 7223; Chimie ParisTech; 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Carine Ganem-Elbaz
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel; CNRS-UMR 7223; Chimie ParisTech; 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Claude Jolivalt
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel; CNRS-UMR 7223; Chimie ParisTech; 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Stéphane Pellet-Rostaing
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement; CNRS-UMR 5246; L'Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS); 43 Bd. du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
| | - Florence Popowycz
- Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon; ICBMS, CNRS-UMR 5246, Equipe Chimie Organique et Bioorganique; 20 Avenue Albert Einstein 69621 Villeurbanne France
| | - Jean-Marc Paris
- Laboratoire Charles Friedel; CNRS-UMR 7223; Chimie ParisTech; 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie 75005 Paris France
| | - Marc Lemaire
- Equipe Catalyse Synthèse Environnement; CNRS-UMR 5246; L'Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS); 43 Bd. du 11 novembre 1918 69622 Villeurbanne France
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Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang G, Ma N, Liu Q, Liu T. Iron-Catalyzed Intramolecular C(sp2)–N Cyclization of 1-(N-Arylpyrrol-2-yl)ethanone O-Acetyl Oximes toward Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxaline Derivatives. J Org Chem 2015; 80:6875-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Junlong Li
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Guisheng Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Nana Ma
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Collaborative Innovation
Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals,
Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of
Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, P. R. China
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7
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Kalinin AA, Mamedov VA. Pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalines based on pyrroles (Review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-011-0688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Castillo JC, Abonía R, Cobo J, Glidewell C. Pseudomerohedral twinning, pseudosymmetry and complex hydrogen-bonded sheets in 2-methoxy-4-(pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinoxalin-4-yl)phenol. Acta Crystallogr C 2010; 66:o385-8. [PMID: 20679712 DOI: 10.1107/s0108270110023152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C(18)H(14)N(2)O(2), crystallizes as a nonmerohedral twin, but the structure can be satisfactorily refined as a merohedral twin, in which a monoclinic unit cell with a cell angle beta close to 90 degrees emulates a metrically orthorhombic cell. The two molecules in the asymmetric unit are very similar in structure and they are related by an approximate pseudo-screw axis. The molecules are linked into complex sheets by a combination of two O-H...N hydrogen bonds and four C-H...O hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Castillo
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Valle, AA 25360 Cali, Colombia
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9
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Ambrus JI, Kelso MJ, Bremner JB, Ball AR, Casadei G, Lewis K. Structure-activity relationships of 2-aryl-1H-indole inhibitors of the NorA efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:4294-7. [PMID: 18632270 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.06.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2008] [Revised: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 06/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 22 2-aryl-1H-indoles, including 12 new compounds, has been achieved via Pd- or Rh-mediated methodologies, or selective electrophilic substitution. All three methods were based on elaborations from simple indole precursors. SAR studies on these indoles and 2-phenyl-1H-indole in Staphylococcus aureus as NorA efflux pump inhibitors indicated 5-nitro-2-(3-methoxycarbonyl)phenyl-1H-indole was a slightly more potent inhibitor than the lead INF55. A promising new antibacterial lead compound against S. aureus (2-phenyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-methanol, was also found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Ambrus
- School of Chemistry, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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