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Khaleel EF, Sabt A, Korycka-Machala M, Badi RM, Son NT, Ha NX, Hamissa MF, Elsawi AE, Elkaeed EB, Dziadek B, Eldehna WM, Dziadek J. Identification of new anti-mycobacterial agents based on quinoline-isatin hybrids targeting enoyl acyl carrier protein reductase (InhA). Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107138. [PMID: 38262087 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a global issue that poses a significant economic burden as a result of the ongoing emergence of drug-resistant strains. The urgent requirement for the development of novel antitubercular drugs can be addressed by targeting specific enzymes. One such enzyme, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) enoyl-acyl carrier protein (enoyl-ACP) reductase (InhA), plays a crucial role in the survival of the MTB bacterium. In this research study, a series of hybrid compounds combining quinolone and isatin were synthesized and assessed for their effectiveness against MTB, as well as their ability to inhibit the activity of the InhA enzyme in this bacterium. Among the compounds tested, 7a and 5g exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity against MTB, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 55 and 62.5 µg/mL, respectively. These compounds were further evaluated for their inhibitory effects on InhA and demonstrated significant activity compared to the reference drug Isoniazid (INH), with IC50 values of 0.35 ± 0.01 and 1.56 ± 0.06 µM, respectively. Molecular docking studies investigated the interactions between compounds 7a and 5g and the target enzyme, revealing hydrophobic contacts with important amino acid residues in the active site. To further confirm the stability of the complexes formed by 5g and 7a with the target enzyme, molecular dynamic simulations were employed, which demonstrated that both compounds 7a and 5g undergo minor structural changes and remain nearly stable throughout the simulated process, as assessed through RMSD, RMSF, and Rg values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Sabt
- Chemistry of Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Malgorzata Korycka-Machala
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Rehab Mustafa Badi
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ninh The Son
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Xuan Ha
- Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, VAST, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Caugiay, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Mohamed Farouk Hamissa
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ahmed E Elsawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bozena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, P.O. Box 33516, Egypt.
| | - Jaroslaw Dziadek
- Laboratory of Genetics and Physiology of Mycobacterium, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland.
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Allayeh AK, El-boghdady AH, Said MA, Saleh MGA, Abdel-Aal MT, Abouelenein MG. Discovery of Pyrano[2,3- c]pyrazole Derivatives as Novel Potential Human Coronavirus Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis, In Silico, In Vitro, and ADME Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:198. [PMID: 38399412 PMCID: PMC10892497 DOI: 10.3390/ph17020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic at the end of 2019 had major worldwide health and economic consequences. Until effective vaccination approaches were created, the healthcare sectors endured a shortage of operative treatments that might prevent the infection's spread. As a result, academia and the pharmaceutical industry prioritized the development of SARS-CoV2 antiviral medication. Pyranopyrazoles have been shown to play a prominent function in pharmaceutical chemistry and drug sighting because of their significant bioactive properties. We provide herein a novel sequence of pyranopyrazoles and their annulated systems whose antiviral efficacy and cytotoxicity were explored versus human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) Vero-E6 cell lines as a model for the Coronaviridae family. Fifteen synthetic congeners pointed out miscellaneous antiviral efficacies against HCoV-229E with variable inhibition degrees. Compound 18 showed a high selectivity index (SI = 12.6) that established spectacular inhibitory capacity against human coronavirus 229E. Compounds 6, 7, and 14 exposed moderate efficacies. Compounds 6, 7, 14, and 18 exhibited substantial antiviral action through the replication phase with reduction percentages extending from 53.6%, 60.7%, and 55% to 82.2%, correspondingly. Likewise, when assessed to the positive control tipranavir (88.6%), the inhibitory efficiency of compounds 6, 7, 14, and 18 versus the SARS-CoV2 Mpro provided high percentages of 80.4%, 73.1%, 81.4% and up to 84.5%, respectively. In silico studies were performed to investigate further the biological activity and the target compounds' physical and chemical features, including molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, protein-ligand docking, ADME studies, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These inquiries demonstrated that this series of metabolically stable pyranopyrazoles and their annulated systems are effective human coronavirus inhibitors that inhibit the viral Mpro protein and may have emerged as a novel COVID-19 curative option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdou K. Allayeh
- Environmental Virology Laboratory 176, Water Pollution Research Department, Environment and Climate Change Institute, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El-Behouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Aliaa H. El-boghdady
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt; (A.H.E.-b.); (M.T.A.-A.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Mohamed A. Said
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud G. A. Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Northern Border University, Arar 91431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T. Abdel-Aal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt; (A.H.E.-b.); (M.T.A.-A.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Mohamed G. Abouelenein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Menofia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Egypt; (A.H.E.-b.); (M.T.A.-A.); (M.G.A.)
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Eldehna WM, Mahmoud ST, Elshnawey ER, Elsayed ZM, Majrashi TA, El-Ashrey MK, Rashed M, Hemeda LR, Shoun AA, Elkaeed EB, El Hassab MA, Abdel-Aziz MM, Shahin MI. Novel indolinone-tethered benzothiophenes as anti-tubercular agents against MDR/XDR M. tuberculosis: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and in vivo pharmacokinetic study. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107009. [PMID: 38070474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Joining the global effort to eradicate tuberculosis, one of the deadliest infectious killers in the world, we disclose in this paper the design and synthesis of new indolinone-tethered benzothiophene hybrids 6a-i and 7a-i as potential anti-tubercular agents. The MICs were determined in vitro for the synthesized compounds against the sensitive M. tuberculosis strain ATCC 25177. Potent compounds 6b, 6d, 6f, 6h, 7a, 7b, 7d, 7f, 7h and 7i were furtherly assessed versus resistant MDR-TB and XDR-TB. Structure activity relationship investigation of the synthesized compounds was illustrated, accordingly. Superlative potency was unveiled for compound 6h (MIC = 0.48, 1.95 and 7.81 µg/mL for ATCC 25177 sensitive TB strain, resistant MDR-TB and XDR-TB, respectively). Moreover, validated in vivo pharmacokinetic study was performed for the most potent derivative 6h revealing superior pharmacokinetic profile over the reference drug. For further exploration of the anti-tubercular mechanism of action, molecular docking was carried out for the former compound in DprE1 active site as one of the important biological targets of TB. The binding mode and the docking score uncovered exceptional binding when compared to the co-crystallized ligand suggesting that it maybe the underlying target for its outstanding anti-tubercular potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt; Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Sally Tarek Mahmoud
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Esraa R Elshnawey
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Zainab M Elsayed
- Scientific Research and Innovation Support Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Taghreed A Majrashi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Asir 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed K El-Ashrey
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr Elini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, 46612, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rashed
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Loah R Hemeda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Aly A Shoun
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida, 44813, Egypt
| | - Eslam B Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A El Hassab
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University, Ras-Sedr, South Sinai, 46612, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Abdel-Aziz
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mai I Shahin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Huang CY, Metz A, Lange R, Artico N, Potot C, Hazemann J, Müller M, Dos Santos M, Chambovey A, Ritz D, Eris D, Meyer S, Bourquin G, Sharpe M, Mac Sweeney A. Fragment-based screening targeting an open form of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease binding pocket. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:123-136. [PMID: 38289714 PMCID: PMC10836397 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798324000329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To identify starting points for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2, the Paul Scherrer Institute and Idorsia decided to collaboratively perform an X-ray crystallographic fragment screen against its main protease. Fragment-based screening was carried out using crystals with a pronounced open conformation of the substrate-binding pocket. Of 631 soaked fragments, a total of 29 hits bound either in the active site (24 hits), a remote binding pocket (three hits) or at crystal-packing interfaces (two hits). Notably, two fragments with a pose that was sterically incompatible with a more occluded crystal form were identified. Two isatin-based electrophilic fragments bound covalently to the catalytic cysteine residue. The structures also revealed a surprisingly strong influence of the crystal form on the binding pose of three published fragments used as positive controls, with implications for fragment screening by crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia Ying Huang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Metz
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Roland Lange
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Artico
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Céline Potot
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Manon Müller
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniel Ritz
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Eris
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Solange Meyer
- Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - May Sharpe
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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De Luca V, Angeli A, Nocentini A, Gratteri P, Pratesi S, Tanini D, Carginale V, Capperucci A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Leveraging SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (M pro) for COVID-19 Mitigation with Selenium-Based Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:971. [PMID: 38256046 PMCID: PMC10815619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The implementation of innovative approaches is crucial in an ongoing endeavor to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. The present study examines the strategic application of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (Mpro) as a prospective instrument in the repertoire to combat the virus. The cloning, expression, and purification of Mpro, which plays a critical role in the viral life cycle, through heterologous expression in Escherichia coli in a completely soluble form produced an active enzyme. The hydrolysis of a specific substrate peptide comprising a six-amino-acid sequence (TSAVLQ) linked to a p-nitroaniline (pNA) fragment together with the use of a fluorogenic substrate allowed us to determine effective inhibitors incorporating selenium moieties, such as benzoselenoates and carbamoselenoates. The new inhibitors revealed their potential to proficiently inhibit Mpro with IC50-s in the low micromolar range. Our study contributes to the development of a new class of protease inhibitors targeting Mpro, ultimately strengthening the antiviral arsenal against COVID-19 and possibly, related coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (A.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (A.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (A.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Silvia Pratesi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy (D.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Damiano Tanini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy (D.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonella Capperucci
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Via Della Lastruccia 3-13, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy (D.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (A.N.); (P.G.)
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, National Research Council (CNR), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80131 Naples, Italy; (V.D.L.); (V.C.)
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